In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation...In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.展开更多
This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects....This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects. This paper demonstrates the capability of China to begin commercial testing of chemical contamination of the air. In addition, it offers technological references of the feasibility for adopting the international standard ISO14644-8：2006.展开更多
Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants （mainly ozone） and fine particulate matter, which are formed through chemical reactions of th...Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants （mainly ozone） and fine particulate matter, which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources. The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze, reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate. In an air pollution complex, the co- existence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reac- tants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles; these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmos- phere, as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter, thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze. Using in situ technologies, such as diffuse reflectance infra- red Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy, we systematically investigated the reaction kinet- ics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants （i.e., NO2, SO2, 03, and formaldehyde） on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3, kaolinite, montmorillonite, NaC1, sea salt, A1203, and Tit2. We found that the main re- action products were sulfate, nitrate, or formate, which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly. By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions, we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems, ,i.e., NOE-particles-H2O, SO2-particles-O3, and organics/SO2-particles-UV illumination. These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze.展开更多
文摘In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.
文摘This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects. This paper demonstrates the capability of China to begin commercial testing of chemical contamination of the air. In addition, it offers technological references of the feasibility for adopting the international standard ISO14644-8：2006.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20637020, 40490265 & 20077001)National Basic Research Program of China (2002CB410802)special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
文摘Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants （mainly ozone） and fine particulate matter, which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources. The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze, reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate. In an air pollution complex, the co- existence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reac- tants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles; these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmos- phere, as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter, thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze. Using in situ technologies, such as diffuse reflectance infra- red Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy, we systematically investigated the reaction kinet- ics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants （i.e., NO2, SO2, 03, and formaldehyde） on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3, kaolinite, montmorillonite, NaC1, sea salt, A1203, and Tit2. We found that the main re- action products were sulfate, nitrate, or formate, which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly. By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions, we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems, ,i.e., NOE-particles-H2O, SO2-particles-O3, and organics/SO2-particles-UV illumination. These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze.
