拉威尔与德彪西《空求》比较研究

文章以拉威尔和德彪西创作于1913年的《马拉美诗歌三首》之第二首《空求》为研究对象,考察两首作品音乐和诗歌之间的关系并比较两位作曲家处理方式的异同。声乐部分比较的范畴包括旋律轮廓、节奏、休止符等,器乐部分考察主题动机、各片段的参照集合或所使用的音阶、低音进行以及器乐声部对声乐部分的重复等。在分析和比较过程中,从诗歌的押韵、标点、诗歌跨行等形式特点以及诗歌情节的转折两个维度考察音乐和诗歌之间的联系。

《周易》“白贲无咎”美学观念的多维启示

《周易》中"白贲无咎"的观念隐含着持正、尚朴、求空的哲学之道,这在儒释道传统思想中都可以寻找到对应的理念,对中国传统文化的影响渗入到哲学、文艺乃至生存的精神方面,对当今社会文化也具有十分重要的启示价值。

DEMAND-PULLED AIRCRAFT SPARE PART PROGNOSTICATION AND CONTROL STRATEGY

This paper presents a control strategy of demand pulled spare parts inventory. It establishes a spare part demand prognosticating model based on reliability analysis. Through parts reliability data the model gets the reliable life function of spare parts and determines parts demand time, depending on part life at given reliabilities. Moreover, a case study is taken to illuminate the demand prognostication and inventory control of on condition maintenance rotables.

终端区进场流的路径选择研究

在实际运行中,通常依据管制员的经验对进场航班流的路径进行管理,缺乏科学性。针对终端区进场流的路径选择与进场排序的流量管理问题,以进场航班的总完成时间最短为目标,建立基于时间窗与位置约束的路径选择与排序的数学模型。采用先选择路径再排序的循环寻优的方法进行求解,将禁忌搜索(TS)与排序算法相结合,设计了TS-FCFS与TS-DP两种算法,着重建立了基于关键路径的邻域结构,并加入有效的重置(RESTAR)策略,使算法快速有效的收敛至最优解。最后借助SIMMOD仿真平台验证算法的可行性。以北京首都机场21架航班为例,仿真结果显示,TS-FCFS与TS-DP两种方法较原计划的进场路径总完成时间分别节约了149s与175s。该路径选择算法降低了进场时间,提高了终端区进场效率。通过合理优化进场航班流的路径选择与进场排序,平衡了跑道负荷,减少了航空器间潜在的冲突,同时为管制员调配进场航班流提供了合理有效的路径选择建议。

Stress analysis of anisotropic thick laminates in cylindrical bending using a semi-analytical approach

Semi-analytical elasticity solutions for bending of angle-ply laminates in cylindrical bending are presented using the state-space-based differential quadrature method (SSDQM). Partial differential state equation is derived from the basic equations of elasticity based on the state space concept. Then, the differential quadrature (DQ) technique is introduced to discretize the longitu- dinal domain of the plate so that a series of ordinary differential state equations are obtained at the discrete points. Meanwhile, the edge constrained conditions are handled directly using the stress and displacement components without the Saint-Venant principle. The thickness domain is solved analytically based on the state space formalism along with the continuity conditions at interfaces. The present method is validated by comparing the results to the exact solutions of Pagano’s problem. Numerical results for fully clamped thick laminates are presented, and the influences of ply angle on stress distributions are discussed.

The space time CE/SE method for solving one-dimensional batch crystallization model with fines dissolution

This article is concerned with the numerical investigation of one-dimensional population balance models for batch crystallization process with fines dissolution.In batch crystallization,dissolution of smaller unwanted nuclei below some critical size is of vital importance as it improves the quality of product.The crystal growth rates for both size-independent and size-dependent cases are considered.A delay in recycle pipe is also included in the model.The space–time conservation element and solution element method,originally derived for non-reacting flows,is used to solve the model.This scheme has already been applied to a range of PDEs,mainly in the area of fluid mechanics.The numerical results are compared with those obtained from the Koren scheme,showing that the proposed scheme is more efficient.

Spatial distribution and diurnal variation of chemical oxygen demand at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary

A field observation was carried out in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary from May 19 to 26, 2003. A total of 29 stations, including 2 anchored stations, were occupied through almost the whole salinity gradient. Based on the observation data, biogeochemistry of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was examined. Spatial distribution pattern of COD shows that it decreased downstream. The COD concentration varied generally within a narrow range of 1.24–1.60 mg/L in the zone around the river mouth, beyond which it decreased rapidly to 0.20 mg/L. In the mixed water zone, the fluctuation in COD was smaller at 2 m above the bottom layer than at the surface layer in 48 h. In the seawater zone, the 48-h fluctuation at the surface was the largest, followed by that of 5 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom layers in a range of from 2.50 to 0.55 mg/L. Freshwater discharge was the dominant source of COD in the estuary. The average COD beyond the river mouth was 2.7 mg/L, which accorded with the Chinese seawater quality Grade I. Relationships between dissolved oxygen and biogeochemical parameters such as suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a were also discussed.

Application and Development of Electric Energg Storage Technology in China

This paper describes the background of disseminating and applying electric energy storage technology in China. Its present application status is introduced, including governmental support and guidance, analyses on economic benefits and typical projects, etc.

A Study on Feelings of Worriment Due to Middle-Sized Robot in Living Space

Recently, the demand of services for architectural space is more increasing due to the diversification and complication of people＇s needs. In this research, it is assumed that the robot will support people＇s various needs and people＇s lives in the near future. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between a robot and a person in quasi space close to actual life space. The authors carried out an experiment to clarify the feelings of worriment due to a robot in the living room in the case of Japanese males. This research aims to establish architecture techniques for robots and humans living together. In this experiment, the robot approached a male sitting on a sofa in quasi space. At different distances between the robot and the male, the subject evaluated his feelings of worriment from ＂no worriment＂ to ＂worriment＂ in five steps from one to five. The robot used in this experiment is middle-sized （380 mm （L） × 380 mm （W） × 350 mm （H））. In this experiment, it is considered that the robot asks for help outside when an emergency occurs. In this experiment, the authors had three situations for the subject： watching television, reading a magazine and just sitting.

Forecast of Air Traffic Controller Demand Based on SVR and Parameter Optimization

As the main body of air traffic control safety,the air traffic controller is an important part of the whole air traffic control system. According to the relevant data of civil aviation over the years,a mapping model between flight support sorties and air traffic controller demand is constructed by using the prediction algorithm of support vector regression(SVR) based on grid search and cross-validation. Then the model predicts the demand for air traffic controllers in seven regions. Additionally,according to the employment data of civil aviation universities,the future training scale of air traffic controller is predicted. The forecast results show that the average relative error of the number of controllers predicted by the algorithm is 1.73%,and the prediction accuracy is higher than traditional regression algorithms. Under the influence of the epidemic,the demand for air traffic controllers will decrease in the short term,but with the control of the epidemic,the demand of air traffic controllers will return to the pre-epidemic level and gradually increase. It is expected that the controller increment will be about 816 by 2028. The forecast results of the demand for air traffic controllers provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and training of medium and long-term air traffic controllers,and also provide method guidance and decision support for the establishment of professional reserve and dynamic control mechanism in the air traffic control system.

A New Route to the Interpretation of Hopf Invariant

We discuss an object from algebraic topology,Hopf invariant,and reinterpret it in terms of the φ-mappingtopological current theory.The main purpose of this paper is to present a new theoretical framework,which can directlygive the relationship between Hopf invariant and the linking numbers of the higher dimensional submanifolds of Euclideanspace R^(2n-1).For the sake of this purpose we introduce a topological tensor current,which can naturally deduce the(n-1)-dimensional topological defect in R^(2n-1) space.If these (n-1)-dimensional topological defects are closed orientedsubmanifolds of R^(2n-1),they are just the (n-1)-dimensional knots.The linking number of these knots is well defined.Using the inner structure of the topological tensor current,the relationship between Hopf invariant and the linkingnumbers of the higher-dimensional knots can be constructed.

Numerical Simulation of the Flow around Two-dimensional Partially Cavitating Hydrofoils

In the present study, a new approach is applied to the cavity prediction for two-dimensional （2D） hydrofoils by the potential based boundary element method （BEM）. The boundary element method is treated with the source and doublet distributions on the panel surface and cavity surface by usethe of the Dirichlet type boundary conditions. An iterative solution approach is used to determine the cavity shape on partially cavitating hydrofoils. In the case of a specified cavitation number and cavity length, the iterative solution method proceeds by addition or subtraction of a displacement thickness on the cavity surface of the hydrofoil. The appropriate cavity shape is obtained by the dynamic boundary condition of the cavity surface and the kinematic boundary condition of the whole foil surface including the cavity. For a given cavitation number the cavity length of the 2D hydrofoil is determined according to the minimum error criterion among different cavity lengths, which satisfies the dynamic boundary condition on the cavity surface. The NACA 16006, NACA 16012 and NACA 16015 hydrofoil sections are investigated for two angles of attack. The results are compared with other potential based boundary element codes, the PCPAN and a commercial CFD code （FLUENT）. Consequently, it has been shown that the results obtained from the two dimensional approach are consistent with those obtained from the others.

Fault Detection and Isolation for Low Hardware Redundancy Flight Control System

The problems of current highly redundant flight control system are analyzed in this paper. Our study gives methods of utilizing other information to reduce physical components on the condition of meeting the reliability requirements for flight control system. The strategies presented in this paper mainly include information redundancy, multi-thread, time redundancy, geometry space redundancy, etc.. Analysis and simulation show these non-hardware based methods can reduce the requirement of system hardware level and thus reduce the system complexity, weight, space, costs and R＆D （research and development） time.

Migration in the Middle Asia and Its Effects on the Labor Market

Many Middle Asia countries declaring their independence after the splitting of the Soviet Union, cannot meet the economical and social needs of their citizens by falling much behind of the era in terms of industry despite the natural wealth they have. In addition to all these, the problems in the ruling class and the chaos environment have resulted in the migration of many people to alternative living spaces. These migrations have affected labor market both positively and negatively besides the social life. The labor demand increased by the entrance of the immigrants into the market has affected the employee wages and also this situation has affected the life standards of the citizens In this study, the migration that took place in the countries established after the splitting of the Soviet Union, forming one of the two poles of the world before the cold war, and the effects of this migration on the labor market have been analyzed considering previous studies on the subject. The studies carried out on this subject have yielded various results according to the area in which it is carried out, the time interval it includes, and the period＇s structure For this reason, the points of views on the subject are compared by making a long literature review

Space heating and hot water demand analysis of dwellings connected to district heating scheme in UK

To achieve CO2 emissions reductions, the UK Building Regulations require developers of new residential buildings to calculate expected CO2 emissions arising from their energy consumption using a methodology such as Standard Assessment Procedure （SAP 2005） or, more recently SAP 2009. SAP encompasses all domestic heat consumption and a limited proportion of the electricity consumption. However, these calculations are rarely verified with real energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. This work presents the results of an analysis based on weekly heat demand data for more than 200 individual fiats. The data were collected from a recently built residential development connected to a district heating network. A method for separating out the domestic hot water （DHW） use and space heating （SH） demand has been developed and these values are compared to the demand calculated using SAP 2005 and SAP 2009 methodologies. The analysis also shows the variation in DHW and SH consumption with size of flats and with tenure （privately owned or social housing）. Evaluation of the space heating consumption also includes an estimate of the heating degree day （HDD） base temperature for each block of fiats and compares this to the average base temperature calculated using the SAP 2005 methodology.

The Concept of MDSA （Macro Demand Spatial Approach） on Spatial Demand Forecasting for Main Development Area in Transmission Planning

MDSA （macro demand spatial approach） is an approach introduced in long time electricity demand forecasting considering location. It will be used at transmission planning and policy decision on electricity infrastructure development in a region. In the model, MDSA combined with PCA （principal component analysis） and QA （qualitative analysis） to determine main development area in region and the variables that affecting electricity demand in there. Main development area is an area with industrial domination as a driver of economic growth. The electricity demand driver variables are different for type of electricity consumer. However, they will be equal for main development areas. The variables which have no significant effect can be reduced by using PCA. The generated models tested to assess whether it still at the range of confidence level of electricity demand forecasting. At the case study, generated model for main development areas at South Sumatra Subsystem as a part of Sumatra Interconnection System is still in the range of confidence level. Thus, MDSA can be proposed as alternative approach in transmission planning that considering location.

Airport Passenger Personalized Service System in Era of Big Data

With the continuous growth of civil aviation passenger traffic, airlines and airports must constantly improve the level of operation and management, in order to meet the high quality and the high level of passenger demand for personalized service. This paper puts forward that the airport passenger personalized service system in the era of big data, which can achieve high precision indoor and outdoor positioning seamless switch through using the integration of GPS and Beacon technology. Personalized service client for mobile intelligent terminal was developed to provide more convenient, efficient, dynamic and personalized airport information service for airport passenger.

Holistic Discourse in the Network Cognitive Modeling

The purpose of this paper is to pose a new question to speed-up mutual understanding among team members or/and group of experts when communicating over the Internet in forms of virtual collaboration, electronic brainstorming, network strategic conversation, etc. We have previously proposed an approach that the convergent control mechanism based on the fundamental principles of thermodynamic and inverse problem solution method, as well as various artificial intelligence techniques, be incorporated into the communicative process. This paper shows a further development of the approach in terms of applying The Fuzzy Tychonoff Theorem along with quantum techniques provide to reach a high level of holistic discourse which is achieved not only through the application of fundamental principles of compactness of the topological space, but also utilizing quantum entanglement and complementarity principles for discourse structuring in a special way. The approach is implemented as the Responsibility Thinking System （RTS） tested in the course of finding the decisions of the real life issues.

Space-Use Analysis in the Design of Neighborhood Walking Paths

SUA （space-use analysis） is about techniques that objectively describe environments and relate this description to specific problems of use. The purpose of this paper is to explore a space-use analytical tool--POE （post-occupation evaluation）--regarding a neighborhood accessibility condition. Based on a site-specific approach, the main research question is focused on how far neighborhood walking paths are compatible with different user needs, guaranteeing their safety and autonomy, as well as easiness of perception and use, thus providing access to local services and resources they need for participation in the day-to-day activities of community life. This paper is organized in three parts： The first one introduces the main concepts and explains how to ensure it in a practical application in urban design; The second part presents the practical approach, referring to the used methodology, the specific case-study and reached results; The third one establishes correlations between the two approaches and discusses the main findings.

A Novel Approach for Numerical Computation of Fokker-Planck Equation

This paper present an implementation of＂modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method （MCB-DQM）＂ proposed by Arora ＆ Singh （Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol. 224（1） （2013） 161-177） for numerical computation of Fokker-Planck equations. The modified cubic B-splines are used as set of basis functions in the differential quadrature to compute the weighting coefficients for the spatial derivatives, which reduces Fokker-Planck equation into system of first-order ordinary differential equations （ODEs）, in time. The well known SSP-RK43 scheme is then applied to solve the resulting system of ODEs. The efficiency of proposed method has been confirmed by three examples having their exact solutions. This shows that MCB-DQM results are capable of achieving high accuracy. Advantage of the scheme is that it can be applied very smoothly to solve the linear or nonlinear physical problems, and a very less storage space is required which causes less accumulation of numerical errors.