Fecal Coliform Bacteria （FCB） of marine waters was monitored in Luoyuan Bay from January, 2003 to December, 2005. The results showed that number of FCB in marine water samples ranged from no detection （ 〈2 cfu/100...Fecal Coliform Bacteria （FCB） of marine waters was monitored in Luoyuan Bay from January, 2003 to December, 2005. The results showed that number of FCB in marine water samples ranged from no detection （ 〈2 cfu/100 mL） to 540 cfu/100 mL in Luoyuan Bay. Values of FCB during August to October were significantly higher than those during January to April during three year period. Monthly changes of FCB values at each year period were mainly due to monthly precipitation. In addition, compared with FCB values in difference sample sites, values of FCB in Bay-heed were significantly higher than those in middle of bay and Bay-mouth, Luoyuan Bay. However, values of FCB in Bay-mouth were significantly less than those in middle of bay. The ratios to the par of FCB in 2003, 2004, and 2005 years were 100%, 98.0%, and 97.9%, respectively. Therefore, we considered that the pollution of FCB of surface marine water in Luoyuan Bay was not serious.展开更多
AIM: To studythe role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: The spatial organization of intestinal flora was investigated in normal mice and in two models of murine colitis using fluorescenc...AIM: To studythe role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: The spatial organization of intestinal flora was investigated in normal mice and in two models of murine colitis using fluorescence in situ hybridization.RESULTS: The murine small intestine was nearly bacteriafree. The normal colonic flora was organized in three distinct compartments (crypt, interlaced, and fecal), each with different bacterial compositions. Crypt bacteria were present in the cecum and proximal colon. The fecal compartment was composed of homogeneously mixed bacterial groups that directly contacted the colonic wall in the cecum but were separated from the proximal colonic wall by a dense interlaced layer. Beginning in the middle colon, a mucus gap of growing thickness physically separated all intestinal bacteria from contact with the epithelium. Colonic inflammation was accompanied with a depletion of bacteria within the fecal compartment, a reduced surface area in which feces had direct contact with the colonic wall, increased thickness and spread of the mucus gap, and massive increases of bacterial concentrations in the crypt and interlaced compartments. Adhesive and infiltrative bacteria were observed in inflamed colon only, with dominant Bacteroides species.CONCLUSION: The proximal and distal colons are functionally different organs with respect to the intestinal flora, representing a bioreactor and a Segregation device.The highly organized structure of the colonic flora, its specific arrangement in different colonic segments, and its specialized response to inflammatory stimuli indicate that the intestinal flora is an innate part of host immunity that is under complex control.展开更多
Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing site...Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing sites along the Zomar stream area were monitored for one year （fortnightly）. Wastewater samples were subjected to microbiological analysis （fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella）, physico-chemical analyses （water temperature, pH, electroconductivity and DO （dissolved oxygen））, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia. The study results demonstrated seasonal and locational variations in all parameters studied. The highest levels of pollution were detected during summer, especially before a rainfall or after a discharge from onsite cesspits. Locations associated with sewage discharge were found to have the highest fecal indicator levels.展开更多
文摘Fecal Coliform Bacteria （FCB） of marine waters was monitored in Luoyuan Bay from January, 2003 to December, 2005. The results showed that number of FCB in marine water samples ranged from no detection （ 〈2 cfu/100 mL） to 540 cfu/100 mL in Luoyuan Bay. Values of FCB during August to October were significantly higher than those during January to April during three year period. Monthly changes of FCB values at each year period were mainly due to monthly precipitation. In addition, compared with FCB values in difference sample sites, values of FCB in Bay-heed were significantly higher than those in middle of bay and Bay-mouth, Luoyuan Bay. However, values of FCB in Bay-mouth were significantly less than those in middle of bay. The ratios to the par of FCB in 2003, 2004, and 2005 years were 100%, 98.0%, and 97.9%, respectively. Therefore, we considered that the pollution of FCB of surface marine water in Luoyuan Bay was not serious.
基金Supported by Broad Medical Research Program of the Eli and Edy the L. Broad foundation
文摘AIM: To studythe role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: The spatial organization of intestinal flora was investigated in normal mice and in two models of murine colitis using fluorescence in situ hybridization.RESULTS: The murine small intestine was nearly bacteriafree. The normal colonic flora was organized in three distinct compartments (crypt, interlaced, and fecal), each with different bacterial compositions. Crypt bacteria were present in the cecum and proximal colon. The fecal compartment was composed of homogeneously mixed bacterial groups that directly contacted the colonic wall in the cecum but were separated from the proximal colonic wall by a dense interlaced layer. Beginning in the middle colon, a mucus gap of growing thickness physically separated all intestinal bacteria from contact with the epithelium. Colonic inflammation was accompanied with a depletion of bacteria within the fecal compartment, a reduced surface area in which feces had direct contact with the colonic wall, increased thickness and spread of the mucus gap, and massive increases of bacterial concentrations in the crypt and interlaced compartments. Adhesive and infiltrative bacteria were observed in inflamed colon only, with dominant Bacteroides species.CONCLUSION: The proximal and distal colons are functionally different organs with respect to the intestinal flora, representing a bioreactor and a Segregation device.The highly organized structure of the colonic flora, its specific arrangement in different colonic segments, and its specialized response to inflammatory stimuli indicate that the intestinal flora is an innate part of host immunity that is under complex control.
文摘Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing sites along the Zomar stream area were monitored for one year （fortnightly）. Wastewater samples were subjected to microbiological analysis （fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella）, physico-chemical analyses （water temperature, pH, electroconductivity and DO （dissolved oxygen））, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia. The study results demonstrated seasonal and locational variations in all parameters studied. The highest levels of pollution were detected during summer, especially before a rainfall or after a discharge from onsite cesspits. Locations associated with sewage discharge were found to have the highest fecal indicator levels.
