由一般拓扑度量空间所产生的Alignment空间

Alignment空间是一个在广义误差下定义的度量空间。在以往的信息处理问题中,一般只讨论离散状态下的序列比对Alignment问题,并由此产生一种新的非线性度量空间-Alignment空间。本文将离散状态下的Alignment空间推广到一般情况,得到了由一般拓扑度量空间所产生的Alignment空间仍然是度量空间,并证明了Alignment距离与Levenshtein距离的等价性。

一种基于产生式分数空间的单样本人脸识别方法

提出一种基于产生式分数空间的单样本人脸识别方法.首先设计了适用于人脸表示的概率产生式模型,并有效地结合了分部式方法的灵活性和稀疏成分分析的稳健性.然后基于该模型导出分数函数(特征映射),并构建了本质上是观测数据、隐变量和模型参数函数的概率相似度.最后,基于2个标准人脸数据库进行了仿真实验,验证了所提出方法的有效性.

“空间”的产生 18世纪虎丘山康熙行宫的兴建及其再现

虎丘是苏州最富盛名的名胜地之一,通过不断的维护修缮,数百年内保持着结构的稳定性和自然演进的更新方式。虎丘山顶一直以雄伟的云岩禅寺著称,也是远眺苏州全景之所。清初,为迎接康熙皇帝第六次南巡,在寺院的基址上规划建造了康熙行宫,从而改变了数百年的山顶格局。此后在整个18世纪,山顶空间在"侵入—反应—重构"的动态模式中变得日益政治化,物质性的纪念物取代了过去明代指示性的风景。在这一进程中,空间的认知在文献中逐渐形成了。通过梳理文献及绘画,文章厘清了这一事件前后的格局演变,并试图探讨"空间性"认识是如何在这一进程中脱颖而出的。

边界空间的生产与可读性——以鼓浪屿美术馆东区庭院边界设计为例

建筑的存在不是孤立的,每个建筑都有其独特的在地性与精神性,而边界空间对于建筑精神与文化的表达又尤其重要;边界是一种介质,既与建筑的内部空间发生关系,也与建筑所在地域的外部环境发生联系,这种联系增强了其所在的历史性资源和本身的精神内涵;建筑、边界、环境是有机的整体,是一个完整的生态系统,既是建筑内部动线的场景折叠,又是场地外部环境的整合。本文以鼓浪屿美术馆东区庭院设计为例,探讨文化建筑边界空间的生产、边界空间的阅读性。

力的本质与空间粒子

力的本质是空间流动产生的,物体受空间流动的影响而运动,比如太阳旋转流动空间吸引地球,原子核旋转流动空间吸引电子,空间是可以流动的,而不是被物质压弯曲了。光子、电子、是由空间粒子组成的,空间粒子是空间旋转动起来产生的,是最小的基本粒子,组成万物的根本。空间粒子本质就是,静止为无(空间状态),运动为有(存在状态)。

复合城市行为影响下的新型产业园区建筑生成设计——以上海临港综合产业片区ZH-02单元五个地块为例

文章以产业园区城市性为研究对象,阐述产业研发类建筑设计如何呼应城市设计,并将生产性、效率性和创造性结合起来。通过设计实践,在建筑形态、公共空间格局、景观层次等方面实现一种更为有机的状态,从复合城市行为视角对生成策略进行提炼,关注建筑与城市之间的复合分界空间,探讨人的活动行为与建筑形式、建筑功能、空间类型和公共空间的联系,解读在其影响下的建筑空间设计形态及其生成。

Pattern Change and Regional Disparity Tendency of Cultivated Land Use in Jiangsu Province

The study has examined the tempo-spatial patterns of cultivated land use change in Jiangsu province. A principal component analysis （PCA） of 18 selected indicators of cultivated land use during the period 1970-2010 identified 2 main pat- terns of change in planting productivity and economic efficiency. A major shift from production-centered pattern to profit-oriented one occurred in 1984, the time of grain yield surplus and the mitigation of population pressure. In response to the impending Opened Market System, there was a notable tendency of higher efficiency and less productivity since 1997, as well as remarkable regional disparity of cultivated land use change spatially. It revealed a relative decrease in grain cropping share, crop- ping scale and cultivation intensity in South Jiangsu, especially in Tai-Lake region, and the reverse in North Jiangsu. Some suggestions for the future were finally dis- cussed from the above findings.

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

The Spatial Characteristics of a Line and Their Application to Line Simplification

This paper discusses the spatial knowledge related to a line ,and the characteristic points of lines is detected.According to the requirements of line generalization,new algorithms for identifying characteristic line points are presented.These characteristic points are used to improve the algorithms of line generalization.An algorithm for identifying bends is shown.In this paper,improved algorithms based on those by Douglas_Peucker,Visvalingam and Whyatt are shown.In this test,the progressive process of line generalization is emphasized.

DEM Production/Updating Based on Environmental Variables Modeling and Conflation of Data Sources

Availability of digital elevation models （DEMs） of a high quality is becoming more and more important in spatial studies. Standard methods for DEM creation use only intentionally acquired data sources. Two approaches which employ various types of data sets for DEM production are proposed： （1） Method of weighted sum of different data sources with morphological enhancement that conflates any additional data sources to principal DEM, and （2） DEM updating methods of modeling absolute and relative temporal changes, considering landslides, earthquakes, quarries, watererosion, building and highway constructions, etc. Spatial modeling of environmental variables concerning both approaches for （a） quality control of data sources, considering regions, （b） pre-processing of data sources, and （c） processing of the final DEM, have been applied. The variables are called rate of karst, morphologic roughness （modeled from slope, profile curvature and elevation）, characteristic features, rate of forestation, hydrological network, and rate of urbanization. Only the variables evidenced as significant were used in spatial modeling to generate homogeneous regions in spatial modeling a-c. The production process uses different regions to define high quality conflation of data sources to the final DEM. The methodology had been confirmed by case studies. The result is an overall high quality DEM with various well-known parameters.

Locating Power and Decision-Making： Social Production of Space in Juiz de Fora, Brazil

This paper aims to discuss how the shaping of a city, Juiz de Fora, in Brazil, has resulted from the power of location of some social agents and from their disputes on the production of space. First, it introduces the concept of social production of space, emphasizing the role of social agents in urban processes. Then, it presents specific aspects of the history of Juiz de Fora＂ its origins and how social agents and forces have played a significant role in shaping the built environment of the city--specially represented by main streets of the city. The paper studies how the social agents, with their different visions and goals, have influenced the process of formation and development of the city. This demonstrates the complexity of the existing relationships between the built environment and the social context that is specific to the city. Different urban forces fight for city spaces, construct and modify its territory so that their needs are fulfilled. Their strength, their experiences and efforts, and their ideas of a city are inscribed in urban landscapes; in similar ways, these are revealed by the city paths we follow here.

Industrial Spatial Agglomeration Using Distance-based Approach in Beijing, China

To study the difference of industrial location among different industries, this article is to test the spatial agglomeration across industries and firm sizes at the city level. Our research bases on a unique plant-level data set of Beijing and employs a distance-based approach, which considers space as continuous. Unlike previous studies, we set two sets of references for service and manufacturing industries respectively to adapt to the investigation in the intra-urban area. Comparing among eight types of industries and different firm sizes, we find that： 1） producer service, high-tech industries and labor-intensive manufacturing industries are more likely to cluster, whereas personal service and capital-intensive industries tend to be randomly dispersed in Beijing; 2） the spillover of the co-location of finns is more important to knowledge-intensive industries and has more significant impact on their allocation than business-oriented services in the intra-urban area; 3） the spatial agglomeration of service industries are driven by larger establishments, whereas manufac- turing industries are mixed.

Urban Integrated Activity Zone （UIAZ） in Shanghai

Urban integrated activity zone （UIAZ） refers to multi-functional area that can provide various services. Integrated activity zone （IAZ）, which is based on the existing financial district and Central Business District （CBD）, often weakens administrative boundaries and changes the original single functional partition. It emphasizes the mixture of different functions and the vitality of the central area. The construction of IAZ is different from the simple space construction of economy and material production. IAZ emphasizes the participation of city dwellers in urban renewal process. Shanghai IAZs are those vigorous public activity centers in Shanghai. ]ust like those active cells, IAZs in Shanghai are to inspire and improve the comprehensive competitiveness and vitality of the city at macro, intermediate, and micro level, they are the public places in which urban cultural life takes place, develops, and precipitates. This paper provides broad and profound presentation on IAZ structure planning in Shanghai： mix-used function, multi-dimensions scale, people oriented development （POD） transportation, commercial development, and city form vitality. This paper provides not only qualitative analysis, but also makes a serious attempt to quantify the result and statement.

Utopian Theatre and Subjectivity Reconstruction Rethinking on the Artistic Spirit of Minjian Theatre

Minjian has become an important concept in recent scholarly research. It is widely used by scholars to indicate specific social and cultural spaces existing beyond the control of state power, therefore, minjian social-cultural spaces are more often than not marginal and peripheral. In the field of performing arts, minjian theatre refers to performances produced by private theatre companies as opposed to state-run groups. These private companies or grass-root groups, without the interference of the government, produce artistic expressions that reflect current social reality to a certain extent. For a long time, the study of minjian theatre has been framed as forms of resistance against the ideology propagated by state-run theatres. Based on this paradigm, this paper, through the case analysis of Shanghai minjian theatre companies, attempts to illuminate the production mechanism and developmental process of minjian theatres. In so dong, this paper will explore the aesthetic and social-political values of minjian theatres.

Formation of a Quasi-Stationary Discharge in the Explosive-Emission Electron Sources

Formation of a quasi-stationary discharge or quasi-stationary emission mode in the explosive-emission electron sources is related to the current limitation resulting from the emissive ability saturation of cathode plasma with its expansion. The paper shows that in the process of the discharge current stabilization in the explosive-emission sources with the point- or blade-type emitters the essential role belongs to the electron beam space charge. Availability of the space charge results in limitation of the current growth velocity at the initial discharge phase and, hence, restricts the emissive ability of the cathode plasma and contributes to its saturation. In the vacuum diodes with multiemitter cathodes, the space charge availability increases the cathode operation stability and can provide obtaining of quasi-stationary beam current values or close to them resulting in formation of a plasma emission surface at the cathode close to the continuous one.

Study on the catalyst in the decomposition reaction for BI organic waste water to adipic acid

The influences of kinds and level of catalyst, time of decomposition reaction on the distribution of dibasic acid and apparent yield of adipic acid were researched; the acidic washing waste water （BI waste water） producing from the equipment of cyclohexane oxidation by air was as stuff, the component of products by decomposed and oxidated in different conditions were analysed. It indicated that in the presence of cobalt salt the apparent yield of adipic acid was upto 10%-12% for the total BI waste water after the concentrated BI waste water refluxed for two hours, and then oxidated by nitric acid.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestrations in the Conterminous United States

This study develops geospatial analysis of terrestrial carbon exchange for the conterminous United State and estimates large-scale NEP （net ecosystem production） dynamic from 2008 to 2013. We apply land-use and land-cover data in order to coherently include cropland, forest, wetland and other ecologically active landscapes in the mapping. Our results show a distribution of high harvest carbon release in the Corn Belt states, in addition to hot spots around the US in areas like Southern California and Arizona. Harvest carbon is low in areas in the southern United States, and central/southern Appalachian Mountains. We identify NEP changes for coupled agricultural, forest and other high-carbon-uptake ecosystems systems, conversions to and from crop, and land in frequent conversion among forest, wetland, pasture and rangeland. Findings from this study will provide important information to support and promote the co-production of science and decision-making.

Accessibility analysis in manufacturing processes using visibility cones

Accessibility is a kind of important design feature of products,and accessibility analysis has been acknowledged as a powerful tool for solving computational manufacturing problems arising from different manufacturing processes.After exploring the relations among approachability,accessibility and visibility,a general method for accessibility analysis using visibility cones (VC) is proposed.With the definition of VC of a point,three kinds of visibility of a feature,namely complete visibility cone (CVC),partial visibility cone (PVC) and local visibility cone (LVC),are defined.A novel approach to computing VCs is formulated by identifying C-obstacles in the C-space,for which a general and efficient algorithm is proposed and implemented by making use of visibility culling.Lastly,we discuss briefly how to realize accessibility analysis in numerically controlled (NC) machining planning,coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) inspection planning and assembly sequence planning with the proposed methods.

SPECIAL ISSUE： SPACE PRODUCTION AND URBAN ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA--From Object to Perspective： A Shift of Significance in Space Production and Space Criticism--The Issue of Space in Conceptualizing Contemporary Chinese Urban Construction

Physical space refers to both natural space and social space, that is, social relations. Space production includes production in space and of space. Relations between these two dimensions and between physical space production and social space production constitute two basic relations in space production. The dialectical connotation of these two basic relations manifests the truth that space production can basically be summed up as reproduction of social relations. Therefore, arguments about space production can be seen as involving a fundamental shift of importance from object to perspective. Seen in this way, there remain some errors in ideas about today＇s Chinese urban construction, that is, the rupture and separation of object and perspective, resulting in unnecessary risks and costs in the progress of modem Chinese ttrbanization.

Urban Risk Generalization in China： Space and Governance

As an issue in Chinese urban development, handling urban risk generalization invites reflection on the structural features and internal development of the immediate or potential risks entailed in rapid urbanization across the globe. As part of research on national governance modernization, China has reached a consensus on managing urban risks. A study of spatial theory indicates that urban risk generalization in China is essentially a structural issue arising from an immature system of generalized benefits in urban space rights and interests along with an unbalanced spatial structure, functional disarray and ecological disruption arising from inequitable and unbalanced urban spatial development, readjustment and renovation. As an innovative form of modern urban public management with its target shifting from the pursuit of material things to people-centered development, spatial management enlists actors including government, business, society and citizens to seek a ＂community of shared spatial interests＂ with a rational structure, effective functions and an optimized environment at the level of spatial production and interest distribution. We need innovation in the spatial structures, drivers and mechanisms of urban public management and cultural ecology to realize their institutionalization, synthesis and reordering, strategically forestalling and resolving urbanization risks and realizing a spatial governance vision of the scientific, fair and sustainable allocation, growth and renovation of urban space in the risk era.