网络消费空间的性质与生产——以淘宝网原创女装店为例

网络消费空间是一种新型关系性社会空间。论文援引空间生产的三元空间论,通过对中国最大的C2C电子购物平台淘宝网的10家原创女装店的文本分析与深度访谈,对网络消费空间的实践、空间的表征与表征性空间进行解析。认为网络消费空间的实践主要支持并为消费关系所决定,空间的表征主要通过符号的操作,是结构化与能动性的结合,表征性空间是对社会主流文化的顺从与反叛,呈现出矛盾与不平衡性。网络消费空间生产的结构以消费关系、符号操作与文化表达三重过程为基础,包含社会结构、日常生活与符号系统等多重辩证关系。

非正式“恋地情结”:流动空间的人地依恋——形成过程、权力生产与规划转向

近年来,承载着非正规经济的街道市场被大量清退,人们感受到一种难以言明的"怅然若失"。本文将这种特殊情感概念化为"非正式‘恋地情结’",意指"附着在具有无形边界、自发形成的流动空间上的人地依恋现象"。它的指向对象是人、物等存在在创造意义结构的过程中所缔造出的关系性空间,其形成机制存在"自我认同"和"情感驱动"双重逻辑,情感汇集成"湍流",通过"分散—强化"机制成为城市"氛围"。它存在但难被捕捉,原因在于政治权力通过知识生产重构了人们的认知,也包括现代法律对权利的定义"垄断"了人们对城市权利的认知。它是寻找情感"城市权利"的线索,规划研究需将非表征方法纳入视野,以识别和维护人们的情感"城市权利"。

人的主体性及其与现实和语言的互动性——以隐喻性空间关系构式为例

隐喻性空间关系构式是描述人所识解出的隐喻性空间关系的形-义配对体。这种构式表明,在人、现实和语言三者中,人是主体,现实是客体,语言是工具;但是,人的主体性、现实的客体性和语言的工具性都是相对的。人虽为主体,也不能随意地感知、体验和识解现实,也不能随意地使用语言来表达现实;现实虽为客体,也会因其自身的特性而反作用于人这一主体,对人的体验和识解产生一定的制约和限制;语言虽为工具,同样也会因其自身的结构特性和规律而反作用于人这一主体,对人的表达产生一定的制约和限制。因此,隐喻性空间关系构式所体现的就是:现实、人和语言之间是一种相互作用、相互制约的互动关系。

空间、感知与关系嵌入:论数字空间媒介化过程中的技术中介效应

在新兴空间集合体广泛扩散的当下,媒介自身的中介属性被不断强化,人类对于空间环境的驾驭同时受到数字技术的中介。通过理解技术的新变化及其支撑的新应用服务来拓宽对数字空间媒介的认知,是一个值得持续研究的重要议题。本研究以数字技术作为切入点,将英国地理学家多琳·梅西的空间观作为理论切入点,强调从关系入手理解数字空间的必要性和重要性。在此基础上,本研究以高德地图App为例,试图进一步阐释"关系"对于数字空间媒介实践的重要意义,尝试从认识论层面解读技术在驱动数字空间成为媒介时所起的关键作用,以期更全面地揭示作为空间关系性载体的数字空间媒介所附着的多重技术中介效应。

Fundamental Theories of Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces

Similarity relation is one of the spatial relations in the community of geographic information science and cartography.It is widely used in the retrieval of spatial databases, the recognition of spatial objects from images, and the description of spatial features on maps.However, little achievements have been made for it by far.In this paper, spatial similarity relation was put forward with the introduction of automated map generalization in the construction of multi-scale map databases;then the definition of spatial similarity relations was presented based on set theory, the concept of spatial similarity degree was given, and the characteristics of spatial similarity were discussed in detail, in-cluding reflexivity, symmetry, non-transitivity, self-similarity in multi-scale spaces, and scale-dependence.Finally a classification system for spatial similarity relations in multi-scale map spaces was addressed.This research may be useful to automated map generalization, spatial similarity retrieval and spatial reasoning.

Generalization Rough Set Theory

In order to avoid the discretization in the classical rough set theory, a generlization rough set theory is proposed. At first, the degree of general importance of an attribute and attribute subsets are presented. Then, depending on the degree of general importance of attribute, the space distance can be measured with weighted method. At last, a generalization rough set theory based on the general near neighborhood relation is proposed. The proposed theory partitions the universe into the tolerant modules, and forms lower approximation and upper approximation of the set under general near neighborhood relationship, which avoids the discretization in Pawlak's rough set theory.

A new measure for evaluating spatially related properties of traffic information credibility

With the wide applications of sensor network technology in traffic information acquisition systems,a new measure will be quite necessary to evaluate spatially related properties of traffic information credibility.The heterogeneity of spatial distribution of information credibility from sensor networks is analyzed and a new measure,information credibility function(ICF),is proposed to describe this heterogeneity.Three possible functional forms of sensor ICF and their corresponding expressions are presented.Then,two feasible operations of spatial superposition of sensor ICFs are discussed.Finally,a numerical example is introduced to show the calibration method of sensor ICF and obtain the spatially related properties of expressway in Beijing.The results show that the sensor ICF of expressway in Beijing possesses a negative exponent property.The traffic information is more abundant at or near the locations of sensor,while with the distance away from the sensor increasing,the traffic information credibility will be declined by an exponential trend.The new measure provides theoretical bases for the optimal locations of traffic sensor networks and the mechanism research of spatial distribution of traffic information credibility.

Multi-Embed Nonlinear Scale-Space for Image Trust Root Generation

An image trust root is a special type of soft trust root for trusted computing. However,image trust root generation is difficult,as it needs a corresponding stable logic feature generation model and algorithm for dynamical and sustained authentication. This paper proposes a basic function of constructing new scale-spaces with deep detecting ability and high stability for image features aimed at image root generation. According to the heat distribution and spreading principle of various kinds of infinitesimal heat sources in the space medium,a multi-embed nonlinear diffusion equation that corresponds to the multi-embed nonlinear scale-space is proposed,a HARRIS-HESSIAN scale-space evaluation operator that aims at the structure acceleration characteristics of a local region and can make use of image pixels' relative spreading movement principle was constructed,then a single-parameter global symmetric proportion(SPGSP) operator was also constructed. An authentication test with 3000 to 5000 cloud entities shows the new scale-space can work well and is stable,when the whole cloud has 5%-50% behavior with un-trusted entities. Consequently,it can be used as the corresponding stable logic feature generation model and algorithm for all kinds of images,and logic relationships among image features for trust roots.

Dissolving Temporal Sequence： Spatial Form in James Joyce＇s Ulysses （＂Nausicaa＂ Episode）

In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic development. Starting with Gustave Flaubert and recognizing his efforts to duplicate the simultaneity of action possible in drama and later in film, Frank comments that since language proceeds in time, it is possible to approach this simultaneity of perception only by breaking up temporal sequence. While Flaubert introduces this method, it does not become a dominant form until James Joyce＇s Ulysses. According to Frank, spatialization of form in this novel provides an alternative to the chronological development normal to verbal structures, which can be read only in a linear fashion through time, unlike painting and the plastic arts, which can be visually apprehended instantaneously. Applied to Ulysses as a whole by Joseph Frank, the conception of spatial form might as well serve as a convenient point of departure for the analysis on much smaller, let＇s say, ＂episodic＂ scale. In ＂Nausicaa＂ episode, Joyce dissolves temporal sequence by cutting back and forth between the various levels of action in a slowly-rising crescendo to achieve the unified impact, the sense of simultaneous activity occurring in different places. For the duration of the episode the time-flow of the narrative is halted： various levels of action are juxtaposed independently of the progress of the narrative. Joyce, in this fragmentation of narrative structure, proceeded on the assumption that a unified spatial apprehension of not only separate episodes but his entire work would ultimately be possible.

Using Weights of Evidence in the Spatial Relation Between Infected Snails and Geographic Factors

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor "ground depression" had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area.

Social cliques in male northern muriquis Brachyteles hypoxanthus

Analyses of spatial relationships and social interactions provide insights into the social structure of animal societies and the ways in which social preferences among and between dyads affect higher order social relationships. In this paper we de- scribe the patterns of spatial associations and social interactions among adult male northern muriquis in order to evaluate the dy- namics of their social networks above the dyadic levels. Systematic observations were made on the 17 adult males present in a multi-male/multi-female group from April 2004 through February 2005, and in July 2005. Analyses of their spatial relationships identified two distinct male cliques; some adult males （called ＂N＂ males） were more connected to the females and immatures than other adult males （＂MU＂ males）, which were more connected to one another. Affiliative interactions were significantly higher among dyads belonging to the same clique than to different cliques. Although frequencies of dyadic agonistic interactions were similarly low among individuals within and between cliques, MU males appeared to be subordinate to N males. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the copulation rates estimated for MU males and N males. Mutual benefits of cooperation between MU and N cliques in intergroup encounters might explain their ongoing associations in the same mixed-sex group

A NEW STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistie robustness analysis. The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, the authors show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other.