为何康德没有提出先验空间图型?

康德提出用先验时间图型作为范畴运用于经验性直观的感性条件,但没有提出先验空间图型。鉴于此,很多学者认为,必须再另外增加先验空间图型来说明对象中的空间关系的形成,并断言康德在《自然科学的形而上学基础》以及《纯粹理性批判》第二版的增补内容中暗示了这种空间图型论的想法。然而笔者认为,对象中的空间关系的形成可以借助量和质的范畴的时间图型来说明,因此空间图型是不必要的。并且,由于知性无法与空间发生直接关联,因而无法形成所谓的"先验空间规定",所以空间图型也是不可能的。而《基础》以及《批判》第二版的增补内容,也绝非所谓的空间图型论。

基于空间改进型Voronoi图的无人机路径规划研究

三维空间路径规划在某些特殊情况下必不可少,如无人战斗机为了降低敌雷达的探测概率,利用山谷或其他特殊地形飞行。在原有基于平面Vorinio图的路径规划基础上,将Voronoi图的概念进行了推广,提出了“空间改进型Voronoi图”的概念。研究了不同威胁体下“空间改进型Voronoi图”构图的一些基本原则,包括不同威胁体下“空间改进型Voronoi图”作图法,以及突发威胁体下空间局部路径重规划区域原则和空间局部最优路径选择原则等。并将平面路径规划下无人战斗机战场态势感知模型推广到三维空间。仿真结果表明整个模型构架的基本思路可行。

卡西尔“语言时空体”的形式特征和价值内涵

在巴赫金提出“文学时空体”理论之前,卡西尔就已经论述了“语言时空体”。受康德、黑格尔、洪堡特等人的哲学思想和格式塔心理学的影响,卡西尔的《符号形式哲学》秉持一种形式整体观。形式蕴含价值,语言哲学作为《符号形式哲学》的一部分,它的形式和价值都应在与整体的关系中寻求。“语言时空体”在形式上是时间和空间的综合体,空间因素是物质基底,时间因素具有主导性,整体上呈现出流动性和发展性。在价值上,“语言时空体”是人与世界的中介,语言活动以人为中心,“语言时空体”作为中介最终使世界成为“为人”的世界;“语言时空体”对界限的打破,指向人的自由。“语言时空体”既是对人的生成和限定,也是对人的解放。

Gradient descent approach for minimizing dissimilarity measure in log-polarimagery

Log-polar mapping has been proposed as a very appropriate space-variant imaging model in active vision applications.There is no doubt about the importance of translation estimation in active visual tracking.In this paper an approach is presented,and its performances are evaluated.The approach uses a gradient descent for minimizing a dissimilarity measure.The experimental results reveal that this method is efficient for approaching active image translations.

A new projection model based robust 2D-3D registration method on Fourier-Mellin space for image guided intervention

An automatic method is proposed to solve the registration problem,which aligns a single 2D fluoroscopic image to a 3D image volume without demanding any additional media like calibration plate or user interactions.First,a mathematic projection model is designed which can reduce the influence of projection distortion on parameter optimization and improve the registration accuracy.Then,a two stage optimization method is proposed,which enables a robust registration in a wide parameter space.Furthermore,an automatic registration framework is proposed based on the FourierMellin robust image comparison descriptor.Experimental results show that the registration method has a high accuracy with average rotation error of 0.6 degree and average translation error of 1.4mm.

Geographical Space Development Zone Classification:An Essential Guide for Transformation of Mountain Resource Cities

Sustainable development of mountain areas and resource cities has been a significant issue worldwide. Transformation of mountain resource cities is facing tremendous difficulties. In the context of National Major Function-oriented Zone Planning raised to a national strategic level in China, it is important to effectively implement the planning by studying geographical space development zone classification of prefecture- and county-level cities based on their major function orientation. This research is even more critical for the transformation of mountain resource cities. In this study, we evaluated geographical space development suitability, and classified geographical space development zones for Dongchuan Distric in Kunming City of Yunan Province, China, a typical mountain resource city. A quantitative grid-based evaluation was conducted using key-factor identification and restrictive-supportive comprehensive index determinati based on a geographic information system framework with different source data. The results included a classification of geographical space of Dongchuan into five types: the prohibited development zone, the inappropriate development zone, the controlled development zone, the moderate development zone and the preferential development zone. The distribution characteristics of geographical space development zones showed that the proportion of the prohibited development zone is the highest, while that of the other four development zones is comparatively lower and significantly fragmented. The geographical space development suitability is greatly controlled by the geomorphic pattern. Although Dongchuan is extremely restrained in terms of suitable geographical space for industrialization and urbanization, it still has the certain preferential and moderate development zones with an area of 207.81 km2 with large parts being concentrated and contiguous, which makes these areas the most favorable for development. Only by adapting to this reality and implementing centralized development strategy in the regions with higher suitability may Dongchuan achieve smooth transformation from expansion mode to compact mode and its sustainable development capacity may be improved. Suggestions with an angle of industrial and spatial development pattern were put forward for the transformation of the city in future.

Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data

At 5:39 am on June 24, 2017, a landslide occurred in the village of Xinmo in Maoxian County, Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(Sichuan Province, Southwest China). On June 25, aerial images were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), and a digital elevation model(DEM) was processed. Landslide geometrical features were then analyzed. These are the front and rear edge elevation, accumulation area and horizontal sliding distance. Then, the volume and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the deposit were calculated from the difference between the DEM available before the landslide, and the UAV-derived DEM collected after the landslide. Also, the disaster was assessed using high-resolution satellite images acquired before the landslide. These include Quick Bird, Pleiades-1 and GF-2 images with spatial resolutions of 0.65 m, 0.70 m, and 0.80 m, respectively, and the aerial images acquired from the UAV after the landslide with a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. According to the analysis, the area of the landslide was 1.62 km2, and the volume of the landslide was 7.70 ± 1.46 million m3. The average thickness of the landslide accumulation was approximately 8 m. The landslide destroyed a total of 103 buildings. The area of destroyed farmlands was 2.53 ha, and the orchard area was reduced by 28.67 ha. A 2-km section of Songpinggou River was blocked and a 2.1-km section of township road No. 104 was buried. Constrained by the terrain conditions, densely populated and more economically developed areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River basin are mainly located in the bottom of the valleys. This is a dangerous area regarding landslide, debris flow and flash flood events Therefore, in mountainous, high-risk disaster areas, it is important to carefully select residential sites to avoid a large number of casualties.

Computer Based Modeling of Vegetation Propagation across a Disturbed Space Linked to GIS

The paper is focused on computer simulation of natural vegetation propagation across two selected disturbed sites. Two sites located in the different environments, the abandoned sedimentation basin of a former pyrite ore mine and the ash deposits of a power station, were selected to illustrate the proposed spatio-temporal model. Aerial images assisted in identifying and monitoring the progress in the propagation of vegetation. Analysis of the aerial images was based on varying vegetation coverage explored by classification algorithms. A new approach is proposed entailing coupling of a local dynamic model and a spatial model for vegetation propagation. The local dynamic model describes vegetation growth using a logistic growth approach based on delayed variables. Vegetation propagation is described by rules related to seed and its dispersal phenomena on a local scale and on the scale of outlying spreading. The disturbed sites are divided into a grid of microsites. Each microsite is represented by a 5 m x 5 m square. A state variable in each microsite indicates the relative vegetation density on a scale from 0 （no vegetation） to 1 （long-term maximum of vegetation density）. Growth, local vegetation propagation and the effects of outlying vegetation propagation in each cell are described by an ordinary differential equation with delayed state variables. The grid of cells forms a set of ordinary differential equations. The abandoned sedimentation basin and the ash deposits are represented by grids of 185 x 345 and 212 x 266 cells, respectively. A few case-oriented studies are provided to show various predictions of vegetation propagation across two selected disturbed sites. The first case study simulates vegetation growing without spatial propagations and delayed variables in the spatio-temporal model. The second and the third case studies extend the previous study by including local and outlying vegetation propagation, respectively. The fourth case study explores delayed impacts in the logistic growth term and the delayed outcome by vegetation propagation across the disturbed space. The performed case-oriented studies confirm the applicability of the proposed spatio-temporal model to predict vegetation propagation in short-term successions and to estimate approximate vegetation changes in long-term development. As a result, it can be concluded that remotely sensed data are a valuable source of information for estimates of model parameters and provide an effective method for monitoring the progress of vegetation propagation across the selected sites, spaces disturbed by human activities.

Design of Conceptual Model in Digital Map Database

The components of map information are analyzed theoretically in this paper,and the map information includes mainly the spatial information,attributive information and temporal characteristics information.Then the digital map entity is defined according to construction characteristics of the map information.Finally,on the basis of the analyses of the construction characteristics of digital map entity and present conceptual model of digital map database,an abstracted conceptual model of digital map database is presented.And the Normal Form theory of relational database is discussed particularly.

Building 3D Cadastral System Based on 2D Survey Plans with SketchUp

Three-dimensional (3D) land development and utilization has become the trend for urban planning in the current metropolis.This paper presents a method for building a 3D cadastral management system from survey plans with SketchUp.It concentrates on the geometric representation and topological consistent maintenance of 3D cadastral objects.In this system a complete topological model is built to express the body construction and spatial relationships among 3D property units.SketchUp is used to automatically construct 3D models with attributes and thematic information from 2D survey plans.Spatial topologic relationships and operations are analyzed with the programming and development of Ruby language.The resulting system can manage 3D cadastral objects and manipulate them with spatial operations to support spatial analysis.

A New Conception of Image Texture and Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Based on Markov Random Field

The texture analysis is often discussed in image processing domain, but most methods are limited within gray-level image or color image, and the present conception of texture is defined mainly based on gray-level image of single band. One of the essential characters of remote sensing image is multidimensional or even high-dimensional, and the traditional texture conception cannot contain enough information for these. Therefore, it is necessary to pursuit a proper texture definition based on remote sensing images, which is the first discussion in this paper. This paper describes the mapping model of spectral vector in two-dimensional image space using Markov random field (MRF), establishes a texture model of multiband remote sensing image based on MRF, and analyzes the calculations of Gibbs potential energy and Gibbs parameters. Further, this paper also analyzes the limitations of the traditional Gibbs model, prefers a new Gibbs model avoiding estimation of parameters, and presents a new texture segmentation algorithm for hy-perspectral remote sensing image later.

The theory of information images： Modeling based on diffusion equations

This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interac- tions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images （II）. It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the models type adequate to the systems under research. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in this paper allow us to compare different levels of the described processes depending on the chosen architecture of the model; the methods and approaches mentioned in the current work can be also used to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of informa- tion images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual II. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of this research, the authors introduce an equa- tion that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual II. There is also an example of modeling on the basis of this theory taking into account the results of the experiment （bilingual Stroop test）.