With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society...With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage: AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.展开更多
Few studies have to date gone behind the scenes to unveil the hidden metaphor-metonymy structure underpinning the input hypothesis ( Krashen 1981 ) despite overt attention paid to it over the years. In an effort to ...Few studies have to date gone behind the scenes to unveil the hidden metaphor-metonymy structure underpinning the input hypothesis ( Krashen 1981 ) despite overt attention paid to it over the years. In an effort to use a fine-grained metaphor-analysis approach( e. g. , Lakoffand Johnson 1980, 1999) to revisit the input hypothesis, this study looks into its thrust--the causal effect of comprehensible input upon comprehension--in the hope of charting out its hidden organization. By discovering a theme of CAUSATION pivoted on space-based metaphors and metonyrnies, the present study brings to relief two fallacies committed in the input hypothesis. First, the heavy dependence on the prototypicaUy physical-spatial hierarchy leads to a red-herring fallacy, whose inconsistency defies rather than supports its statement about comprehensible input as the overriding cause. Second, although there is no denying that comprehensible input is a significant source of language gains, to enthrone it as the sole causal variable to the exclusion of all the other important variables, especially the agency of the 1.2 learner who should have been positioned in the spotlight in the first place, is another fallacy of immense magnitude.展开更多
文摘With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage: AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.
文摘Few studies have to date gone behind the scenes to unveil the hidden metaphor-metonymy structure underpinning the input hypothesis ( Krashen 1981 ) despite overt attention paid to it over the years. In an effort to use a fine-grained metaphor-analysis approach( e. g. , Lakoffand Johnson 1980, 1999) to revisit the input hypothesis, this study looks into its thrust--the causal effect of comprehensible input upon comprehension--in the hope of charting out its hidden organization. By discovering a theme of CAUSATION pivoted on space-based metaphors and metonyrnies, the present study brings to relief two fallacies committed in the input hypothesis. First, the heavy dependence on the prototypicaUy physical-spatial hierarchy leads to a red-herring fallacy, whose inconsistency defies rather than supports its statement about comprehensible input as the overriding cause. Second, although there is no denying that comprehensible input is a significant source of language gains, to enthrone it as the sole causal variable to the exclusion of all the other important variables, especially the agency of the 1.2 learner who should have been positioned in the spotlight in the first place, is another fallacy of immense magnitude.