维果茨基最近发展区理论及其对小学数学教学的启示

“最近发展区”是维果茨基阐释教学与发展之间关系的独创概念,作为一个意蕴丰富的区域,具有前瞻性、社会互动性、动态生成性、个体差异性等特征,揭示了教学的本质特征在于跨越学生的最近发展区以创造新的最近发展区,而跨越的路径是在支架的辅助下实现内化与外化、个体与集体的辩证统一。基于维果茨基的最近发展区理论,小学数学教学应当运用的实践策略包括:沟通预期目标与现实起点,明确最近发展区;设计恰到好处的活动,搭建最近发展区的跨越支架;历经“准备→建构→应用”三阶段,形成最近发展区的跨越路径。

果壳中的无限空间

肉体的束缚阻止了我们前行的脚步，心灵的自由使我们的思维伸向无垠的空间。禁锢了灵魂才是最可怕的，哪怕身陷烈焰炙烤的地狱，心还在，思想还在，便宛在天堂。 故乡的秋，有些微凉，并不指气温，也指原本绿油油、万花竞开、众草齐喧的田野，在收割完最后一季稻谷后，显出的萧瑟。枯败的黄叶映出了枫叶的火红，枯萎的小草彰显了万年青的碧绿。踩着凋落的草与叶，

果壳中的无限空间

肉体的束缚阻止了我们前行的脚步,心灵的自由却成就了我们思维的无限。禁锢了灵魂才是最可怕的存在,哪怕身陷烈焰炙烤的地狱,心还在,思想还在,便宛如天堂。故乡的秋,有些微凉,

保护地番茄筋腐病、畸形果和空洞果的发生及其防止途径——蔬菜病虫害的综合治理(十六)

随着保护地蔬菜生产的不断发展，保护地番茄的生理性病害发生日趋加重，被害率一般为１５％～３０％，重者高达５０％～６０％，给生产造成很大的损失。经调查研究，这类病害主要是因栽培管理措施不当所致的非传染性病害。目前生产上较常见的有畸形果、僵果、空洞果、筋腐...

基于“维果茨基空间”理论的小学生科学思维培养模式建构

科学思维是科技创新人才的必备特征,小学阶段是培养科学思维的关键时期。“维果茨基空间”理论与小学生科学思维培养具有一定逻辑关系,基于该理论可建构小学生科学思维培养模式:基于两个原点内化思维材料,运用高阶思维转化已有知识,通过外化实践并检验科学思维,获得集体认可实现科学思维习俗化发展。立足实践,在学科核心概念教学中渗透科学思维培养、在跨学科实践活动中促进科学思维发展、构建与培养模式相匹配的小学生科学思维综合评价体系是落实模式的具体路径。

基于社会建构主义学习理念的体育教师角色定位

采用文献资料法,基于社会建构主义学习理论、维果茨基空间模型,从体育教师知识学习意义构建的内化、转化、外化、习俗化4个维度和社会建构主义学习理论对体育教师角色定位的启示,全面深入的了解体育教师在社会建构主义学习理念中与学生双向"学习共同体"中的相互作用。并提出体育教师角色定位:成为学生知识意义构建的"抛锚者"、成为学生知识意义建构的"提携者"、成为学生知识意义构建的"关注者"和"组织者"、成为学生知识意义建构的"对话者"、开发教师的"动态评价体系"等建议,为我国体育教师社会建构体系的建设提供参考。

An integrated method to calculate the spatial distribution of overburden strata failure in longwall mines by coupling GIS and FLAC^(3D)

The spatial distribution of overburden strata failure is of significant importance to affect the safety of underground mining. Because the traditional methods cannot be applied in all coal mines due to geological conditions or mining structures, a method of coupling FLAC3D with GIS was presented to calculate the spatial distribution of overburden strata failure in longwall coal mines. After building the spatio-temporal database from the calculation results of FLAC3D, the height of the mining-induced fractured zone in the overburden strata can be calculated by using the given height function. The results of case study show that the height of the fractured zone reached the maximum value at the face advance equal to about the panel width. The outcome of the work presented will be helpful in practice to improve safety in the production.

Relativistic Oscillators in a Noncommutative Space and in a Magnetic Field

In this work, we study the relativistic oscillators in a noncommutative space and in a magnetic field. It is shown that the effect of the magnetic field may compete with that of the noncommutative space and that is able to vanish the effect of the noncommutative space.

Adaptive partitioning PCA model for improving fault detection and isolation

In chemical process, a large number of measured and manipulated variables are highly correlated. Principal component analysis(PCA) is widely applied as a dimension reduction technique for capturing strong correlation underlying in the process measurements. However, it is difficult for PCA based fault detection results to be interpreted physically and to provide support for isolation. Some approaches incorporating process knowledge are developed, but the information is always shortage and deficient in practice. Therefore, this work proposes an adaptive partitioning PCA algorithm entirely based on operation data. The process feature space is partitioned into several sub-feature spaces. Constructed sub-block models can not only reflect the local behavior of process change, namely to grasp the intrinsic local information underlying the process changes, but also improve the fault detection and isolation through the combination of local fault detection results and reduction of smearing effect.The method is demonstrated in TE process, and the results show that the new method is much better in fault detection and isolation compared to conventional PCA method.

Modeling and simulations of orbital capture with space tether-net system

A new flexible tether-net space robotic system used to capture space debris is presented in this paper. With a mass point assumption, a dynamic model of the tether-net system was established in orbital frame by applying Lagrange Equations. In order to investigate the net in-plane trajectories after being cast, the non-controlled R-bar and V-bar captures were simulated with ignoring the out-of-plane libration, and the effect of in-plane libration on the trajectories of the capture net was demonstrated by simulation results. With an effort to damp the in-plane libration, the control scheme based on tether tension was investigated, then an integrated control scheme was proposed by introducing thrusters into the system, and the nonlinear close-loop dynamics was linearised by feedforward strategy. Simulation results show that the feedforward controller is effective for in-plane libration damping and enables the capture net to track an expected trajectory.

Comparative Analysis of China Surface Air Temperature Series for the Past 100 Years

Temperature change plays a crucial role in global change sciences. In the past several decades, comprehensive find- ings have been achieved on temperature change in China for the past 100 years. Several time series have been created to illustrate the averaged surface air temperature for the country. The correlations of these series range from 0.73 to 0.97. It is also achieved in better data quality, wider spatial data coverage, improved homogeneity of time series, and enhanced reliability of findings. The results show an annual mean temperature increase by 0.78±0.27℃ per 100 years in China for the period 1906-2005. After prolonging the period till 2007, it is found that 2007 is rated as the warmest year in the past 100 years. Although all the series, except one, reflect temperature changes in the eastern part of China before the 1930s, they represent the general temperature change in most parts of the country after the 1930s.

Is Moss Stoichiometry Influenced by Microtopography in a Boreal Peatland of Northeast China？

To examine the effects of microtopography on the stoichiometry of carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in mosses along the hummock-hollow gradient in boreal peatlands, we investigated species-level C?N, C?P and N?P ratios of five mosses(Sphagnum magellanicum, S. perichaetiale, S. palustre, S. girgensohnii and Aulacomnium palustre) in the hummocks, hollows and their intermediate zones, and then assessed community-level spatial patterns in a boreal ombrotrophic peatland of north of the Great Xing'an Mountain, Northeast China. The results show that at the species level, C?N, C?P and N?P ratios of the selected Sphagnum mosses remained stable in the hummock-hollow complexes due to unchanged C, N and P concentrations, whereas the non-Sphagnum moss(A. palustre) in the hummocks and intermediate zones had lower P concentrations and thus greater C?P ratios than that in the hollows. At the community level, moss N concentration and C?N ratio remained constant along the hummock-hollow gradient, whereas hummocks and intermediate zones had higher community-level moss C?P and N?P ratios than hollows because of greater C and lower P concentrations. These findings imply that the effects of microtopography on moss C?N?P stoichiometry are scale-dependent and reveal spatial heterogeneity in C and nutrient dynamics. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of biogeochemical cycles in boreal peatlands.

Trifocal tensor based side information generation for multi-view distributed video code

Distributed video coding （DVC） is a new video coding approach based on Wyner-Ziv theorem. The novel uplink-friendly DVC, which offers low-complexity, low-power consuming, and low-cost video encoding, has aroused more and more research interests. In this paper a new method based on multiple view geometry is presented for spatial side information generation of uncalibrated video sensor network. Trifocal tensor encapsulates all the geometric relations among three views that are independent of scene structure; it can be computed from image correspondences alone without requiring knowledge of the motion or calibration. Simulation results show that trifocal tensor-based spatial side information improves the rate-distortion performance over motion compensation based interpolation side information by a maximum gap of around 2dB. Then fusion merges the different side information （temporal and spatial） in order to improve the quality of the final one. Simulation results show that the rate-distortion gains about 0.4 dB.

Election Campaign for Local Government in the Perspective of Local Government Press

Local government press is one of important channels of conveying information in the local space. Its functions are being constantly redefined as a result of the changing paradigm of communicating on the local level. Local government press gains particular importance during any election campaign becoming the carrier of information for local authorities seeking reelection. The following text presents the results of research carried out in selected cities with poviat rights in the last quarter of 2014, during the local government election campaign in Poland.

Analysis on the Style and aesthetic effects of decorative arts in environment space

Art decorative can make landscape more beautiful in urban public space. Art decorative design reflects the characteristics of the environment, history and culture of a city and a state of the spirit of the times. Modem art deco design should not only have its own style, but also be more perfectly reflect the cultural connotation of specific urban environment, and to create a pleasant living environment for human being. Aesthetic concepts of decorating space environment are inseparable from the people＇s view of decoration. Analyzing from the sensory effects and psychological effects of decorative environment, the paper points out the way for environmental decoration development, and provide ideas for future creative decoration.

Approximate Entropy Analysis of Electroencephalogram

Based on the time-delayed embedding method of phase space reconstruction, a new method to compute the approximate entropy （ApEn） of electroencephalogram （EEG） is proposed. The computational results show that there are signiticant differences between epileptic： EEG and normal EEG in the approximate entropy with the variance of embedding dimension. This conclusion is helpful to analyze the dynamical behavior of difibrent EEGs by entropy.

Torsional effect of space structure in frequent earthquakes

Taking a concrete frame supporting space structure as the research object,we systematically studied its lateral-torsion coupling effect of reverse problems in consistent earthquake excitation.Firstly,based on its reverse forms and features,we put forward a mechanical analysis model(flexibility layer model) and a calculation method using the response spectrum method and the weighted average method,and verified their validity and feasibility using case analysis.The result shows that the translation displacement change trend of the space structure is basically the same whether reverse exists in the supporting structure or not,but the supporting structure torsion has an effect on the displacement with a relative increase of 10%.

Seismic Design Loads of Truss Arch Frames with Ceilings subjected to Vertical and Horizontal Earthquake Motions

Spatial structures such as a gymnasium and an exhibition hall often use ceilings because of enhancing sound effects and reducing heating bills. Although the ceiling members fell down on a large scale due to the seismic motion according to the past great earthquake disaster reports, structural engineers particularly do not carry out the seismic design. The study gives structural engineers the equivalent static loads for the design of the earthquake-proof design of the ceiling system. In particular, it is significant to investigate the dynamic behavior and the applied seismic loads for the complicated vibration of the long span arch building structures with RC columns.

A Viable Megawatt-Class Space Power Plant under Rankine Cycle

The aim of the article concerns to the achieved research results regarding the viability of a megawatt-class space power plant based on the Rankine cycle for which the main objectives are to highlight the key issues responsible for improving the Rankine cycle efficiency. Two working fluids are studied （water and ammonia） on the basis of its well known characteristics. Cycles operating under top and bottom temperatures approaching the state of the art technology associated to cooling fluid reservoirs are key to improve the efficiency. With such strategy, the achieved thermal efficiency increases more than 20% with respect to conventional power plants. Mentioned benefits associated to the strategy based on the reduction of the required payload capacity, the condenser radiation surface and the power plant mass represent the main advantages of the proposed innovation techniques.

Cooling effect of urban parks and their relationship with urban heat islands

It is claimed that open spaces in cities, such as parks, have an urban cooling effect. However, the relationship between urban parks and adjacent districts is still not explicit. In order to clarify the interaction between urban parks and their urban surroundings, this paper takes the Temple of Heaven Park （THP） as an example of a park station and focuses on analyzing the differences with a nearby urban station.THP is located in the center of Beijing, and the nearest urban station is Tian An Men. It is interesting that the cooling effect of THP reaches a peak and remains stable when its city background urban heat island （UHI） varies within a given range, but becomes unstable when the UHI goes beyond the range. This is called an enhanced cooling effect in this paper. As a result, the UHi intensities （UHIIs） are calculated in order to comprehend the role of the park cooling effect in the urban heating characteristics of Beijing. By comparison with five other park-district pairs, this paper attempts to identify the causes of the enhanced cooling effect. It is found that six park-district pairs consistently demonstrate a persistently stronger cooling rate during the night, and that the water coverage might be a key factor in enhancing the park cooling effect. Based on further investigation of the influence of surrounding UHIs on the park cooling effect, it is found that the UHII differences in park-district pairs show quasi-linear changes within a given range as the UHli of the surrounding district increases.