Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors there...Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.展开更多
This paper analyzes the distribution patterns and spatial dynamic transitions of foreign direct investment （FDI） and pollution from 2000 to 2009 in China＇s provinces by using the comprehensive pollution index （CEP...This paper analyzes the distribution patterns and spatial dynamic transitions of foreign direct investment （FDI） and pollution from 2000 to 2009 in China＇s provinces by using the comprehensive pollution index （CEPI） and exploratory spatial data analysis. Findings suggest that FDI as well as environmental pollution in our provinces exists an obvious spatial autocorrelation, both of them have remarkable characteristics of path dependence and form different accumulation areas. Currently, the accumulations of highlevel FDI correspond to low-level environmental pollution, while the accumulations of low-level FDI are associated with high-level environmental pollution. Furthermore, the authors have empirically analyzed the impact of FDI on China＇s environmental pollution by spatial error model （SEM） and spatial lag model （SLM） respeetively. Findings suggest that the geographical clustering of FDI has a positive impact on China＇s environment, in general, ＂Pollution Haven Hypothesis＂ is invalid in China. In addition, there are remarkable differences in the impact of FDI on environmental pollution due to different sources, the foreign capital from offshore financial centers has significantly alleviated pollution in China while that from developed countries in East Asia and the West has played an insignificant role in environmental pollution.展开更多
文摘Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.
文摘This paper analyzes the distribution patterns and spatial dynamic transitions of foreign direct investment （FDI） and pollution from 2000 to 2009 in China＇s provinces by using the comprehensive pollution index （CEPI） and exploratory spatial data analysis. Findings suggest that FDI as well as environmental pollution in our provinces exists an obvious spatial autocorrelation, both of them have remarkable characteristics of path dependence and form different accumulation areas. Currently, the accumulations of highlevel FDI correspond to low-level environmental pollution, while the accumulations of low-level FDI are associated with high-level environmental pollution. Furthermore, the authors have empirically analyzed the impact of FDI on China＇s environmental pollution by spatial error model （SEM） and spatial lag model （SLM） respeetively. Findings suggest that the geographical clustering of FDI has a positive impact on China＇s environment, in general, ＂Pollution Haven Hypothesis＂ is invalid in China. In addition, there are remarkable differences in the impact of FDI on environmental pollution due to different sources, the foreign capital from offshore financial centers has significantly alleviated pollution in China while that from developed countries in East Asia and the West has played an insignificant role in environmental pollution.
