乳制品生产过程中空间菌的研究及控制

结合乳粉工厂实际生产情况对空间菌进行了研究与控制,从风、水、气系统及工艺卫生环境等方面分析,确定了易受污染的控制点,并进行验证。工艺卫生方面主要从包装材料、洁净区人员卫生、人员接触区域、粉尘较多区域、交叉环境、后处理工段及库房几个方面论述了空间菌对生产工艺卫生环境的影响。其中,洁净区人员卫生的影响较大,其次是粉尘区、交叉污染区域、人员接触区域、库房及后处理工段。经过对各控制点的针对性治理,各控制点的空间菌情况得到进一步的提升。

微菌空间:共享经济下的城市共享图书馆及其解决方案

文章以城市共享图书馆为研究对象,从建设主体、服务平台、图书来源论述了当前共享图书馆的建设情况;论述了共享图书馆的现实意义、服务特色以及存在的问题。从"百米圈""O2O平台""书报箱"3个小空间出发,提出"微菌空间"——共享图书馆构建解决方案,同时也提出了共享图书馆与公共图书馆共存共赢的合作方案。

模拟微重力下小鼠巨噬细胞感染空间诱变大肠埃希菌对炎性因子分泌和核因子κB表达的影响

目的研究模拟微重力状态下小鼠巨噬细胞感染空间诱变大肠埃希菌(T1-13)后炎症反应及NF-κB表达的变化。方法巨噬细胞随机分为4组:对照组(Con)、对照染菌组(Con+T1-13)、模拟微重力组(SM)、模拟微重力染菌组(SM+T1-13)。细胞回转器模拟微重力效应,RT-q PCR检测细胞内炎性因子及NF-κB p65 m RNA表达;液相悬浮芯片多因子检测平台技术及硝酸还原酶法检测细胞培养液中炎性因子和总一氧化氮浓度变化;Western blot检测细胞中NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果染菌后,对照染菌和模拟微重力染菌组细胞分泌的炎性因子浓度、细胞内炎性因子及NF-κB p65m RNA表达均显著升高;与对照组相比,模拟微重力组细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6分别升高168%、77.6%和187%;与对照染菌组相比,模拟微重力染菌组分泌炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6分别升高1.06%、6.78%、27.1%。巨噬细胞感染空间诱变大肠埃希菌后NF-κB p65 m RNA表达量显著升高,但是蛋白表达量显著下降,细胞内NF-κB激酶抑制剂β(IKKβ)、核因子κB激酶抑制剂α(IKKα)、磷酸化NF-κB p65蛋白表达量也显著下降。结论模拟微重力可诱导巨噬细胞炎性因子分泌升高,空间诱变大肠埃希菌刺激后这种升高反应受到抑制,可能与NF-κB蛋白表达下调有关。

无菌空间控制理念与实施

无菌空间控制理念应以微生物学及其控制措施为基础,依据全过程控制,提出了这个全过程应包括进入控制体前控制、进入控制体后控制和退出控制体后的控制。这样才能为无菌环境控制提供更为有效的保障。

中药辟瘟线香空间抑菌实验研究

目的:探讨中药辟瘟线香对空气中自然菌的抑制作用。方法:选择实验室、居家客厅和居家卫生间,采用平板暴露法,于熏香前后进行空气采样,37℃培养48 h后计算沉降菌总数、空气中自然菌消亡率。结果:艾草本辟瘟线香、苍降辟瘟香熏香前后沉降菌总数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);艾草本辟瘟线香、苍降辟瘟香空气中自然菌消亡率与市售化学线香比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。艾草本辟瘟线香熏香沉降菌总数0 h与1、2 h比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2 h自然菌消亡率峰值达86.2%,继续熏香至4 h消亡率为86.9%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:艾草本辟瘟线香和苍降辟瘟香杀菌作用强,效果维持长,简便易行,可作为空气抑菌剂,适合在家庭、学校、办公室等地方进行空气净化使用。

Horizontal Distribution and Annual Variations of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Luoyuan Bay

Fecal Coliform Bacteria （FCB） of marine waters was monitored in Luoyuan Bay from January, 2003 to December, 2005. The results showed that number of FCB in marine water samples ranged from no detection （ 〈2 cfu/100 mL） to 540 cfu/100 mL in Luoyuan Bay. Values of FCB during August to October were significantly higher than those during January to April during three year period. Monthly changes of FCB values at each year period were mainly due to monthly precipitation. In addition, compared with FCB values in difference sample sites, values of FCB in Bay-heed were significantly higher than those in middle of bay and Bay-mouth, Luoyuan Bay. However, values of FCB in Bay-mouth were significantly less than those in middle of bay. The ratios to the par of FCB in 2003, 2004, and 2005 years were 100%, 98.0%, and 97.9%, respectively. Therefore, we considered that the pollution of FCB of surface marine water in Luoyuan Bay was not serious.

Spatial organization of bacterial flora in normal and inflamed intestine: A fluorescence in situ hybridization study in mice

AIM: To studythe role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: The spatial organization of intestinal flora was investigated in normal mice and in two models of murine colitis using fluorescence in situ hybridization.RESULTS: The murine small intestine was nearly bacteriafree. The normal colonic flora was organized in three distinct compartments (crypt, interlaced, and fecal), each with different bacterial compositions. Crypt bacteria were present in the cecum and proximal colon. The fecal compartment was composed of homogeneously mixed bacterial groups that directly contacted the colonic wall in the cecum but were separated from the proximal colonic wall by a dense interlaced layer. Beginning in the middle colon, a mucus gap of growing thickness physically separated all intestinal bacteria from contact with the epithelium. Colonic inflammation was accompanied with a depletion of bacteria within the fecal compartment, a reduced surface area in which feces had direct contact with the colonic wall, increased thickness and spread of the mucus gap, and massive increases of bacterial concentrations in the crypt and interlaced compartments. Adhesive and infiltrative bacteria were observed in inflamed colon only, with dominant Bacteroides species.CONCLUSION: The proximal and distal colons are functionally different organs with respect to the intestinal flora, representing a bioreactor and a Segregation device.The highly organized structure of the colonic flora, its specific arrangement in different colonic segments, and its specialized response to inflammatory stimuli indicate that the intestinal flora is an innate part of host immunity that is under complex control.

Abundance and spatial dynamics of bacterioplankton in the Seven Rila Lakes,Bulgaria

In the high mountain oligotrophic Seven Rila Lakes (2 095–2 535 m a.s.l.) bacterial abundance was recorded in July and September 2006. In July, bacterial abundance (average (3.32±2.5)×105 cell/ml) in the lakes correlated negatively with elevation, while in September (average (26.39±7.1)×105 cell/ml) this pattern was altered and the greatest abundance of bacteria occurred at the highest ((39.05±1.5)×105 cell/ml) and the lowest ((30.63±6.0)×105 cell/ml) elevated lakes. Regression analyses suggested that the principal factor controlling bacterial abundance, in both July and September, was inorganic nitrogen (NO3-N and NH4-N; R2=0.70, P<0.05). Other major regulating factors were temperature (R2=0.66, P<0.03) in July and filter-feeding zooplankton (R2=0.95, P<0.01) in September. All factors, except NO3-N, had a positive effect on bacterial abundance.

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bacterial Community in the Rhizosphere of Soybean Genotypes Grown in a Black Soil

The dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities is important for plant health and productivity, and can be influenced by soil type, plant species or genotype, and plant growth stage. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the dynamics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of two soybean genotypes grown in a black soil in Northeast China with a long history of soybean cultivation. The two soybean genotypes, Beifeng 11 and Hai 9731, differing in productivity were grown in a mixture of black soil and siliceous sand. The bacterial communities were compared at three zone locations including rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil at the third node （V3）, early flowering （R1）, and early pod （R3） stages using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DCGE） of 16S rDNA. The results of principal component analyses （PCA） showed that the bacterial community structure changed with growth stage. Spatially, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere were significantly different from those in the bulk soil. Nevertheless, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane were distinct from those in the rhizosphere at the V3 stage, while no obvious differences were found at the R1 and R3 stages. For the two genotypes, the bacterial community structure was similar at the V3 stage, but differed at the R1 and R3 stages. In other words, some bacterial populations became dominant and some others recessive at the two later stages, which contributed to the variation of the bacterial community between the two genotypes. These results suggest that soybean plants can modify the rhizosphere bacterial communities in the black soil, and there existed genotype-specific bacterial populations in the rhizospbere, which may be related to soybean productivity.

Sedimentary ladderane core lipids as potential indicators of hypoxia in the East China Sea

Anammox （anaerobic ammonium oxidation） is an important process in many suboxic to anoxic marine environments for converting fixed nitrogen to N2, and has a major impact on the marine nitrogen cycle. Ladderane core lipids have been utilized as an indicator of the contribution of anammox to the marine nitrogen cycles. However, such studies have not been reported for the China seas and little is known about the importance of anammox within the nitrogen cycle of these marginal seas. In the research reported here, the ladderane core lipid contents of 17 surface sediment samples from the East China Sea are reported, and their spatial distribution is investigated. C^8-[5]-ladderane FAME, C20-[5]-ladderane FAME and C20-[3]- ladderane FAME have all been detected, suggesting that the anammox bacteria are widely present within the study area. The total contents of the three ladderane lipids （ZFAMEs） range from 24-355 ng/g （weight of dry sediments）, with higher contents occurring in the Minzhe Mud Zone and broadly coincident with the spatial distribution of hypoxia. It is suggested that the sedimentary ladderane core lipids are mainly produced in the water column and their sedimentary contents can be used as indicators of water column hypoxia.

Spatio-temporal expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene redD in S. coelicolor

Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the spatio-temporal expression of the pathway-specific gene redD during S. coelicolor cell cultivation. The corresponding mutant S. coelicolor lyqRY1522 carrying redD::eyfp in the chro- mosome was constructed. The temporal expression results of the fusion protein during submerged cultivation demonstrated that expression of redD began in the transition phase, continuing through the exponential growth phase to the stationary phase, and reached maximum in the stationary phase. On the other hand, redD was expressed only in substrate mycelia during solid-state culture, while aerial mycelia remained essentially non-fluorescent throughout culture. Results demonstrated that the expression pattern of redD coincides with that of the biosynthesis of the antibiotics during culture, revealing a direct correlation between the spatio-temporal distribution of regulatory gene expression and second metabolism.

Wintertime meso-scale horizontal distribution of large tintinnids in the southern Yellow Sea

Spatial distribution of some large tintinnid species (nominally > 76 μm) is investigated on samples vertically towed in the southern Yellow Sea in winters of 2001 to 2004. Nine tintinnid species are recorded: Codonellopsis morchella, Stenosemella pacifica, S. steini, Tintinnopsis schotti, T. radix, T. karajacensis, Eutintinnus tenuis, Parafavella sp., Leprotintinnus neriticus, of which C. morchella and T. radix dominated in the warm tongue-shaped zone of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), and S. pacifica is the next in abundance. Our study shows that these tintinnids occur repeatedly in certain special distribution patterns.

Seasonal and Spatial Variation in the Monitoring Parameters of Zomar Stream, Palestine during 2010

Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing sites along the Zomar stream area were monitored for one year （fortnightly）. Wastewater samples were subjected to microbiological analysis （fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella）, physico-chemical analyses （water temperature, pH, electroconductivity and DO （dissolved oxygen））, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia. The study results demonstrated seasonal and locational variations in all parameters studied. The highest levels of pollution were detected during summer, especially before a rainfall or after a discharge from onsite cesspits. Locations associated with sewage discharge were found to have the highest fecal indicator levels.

大学女教师迷恋“无菌教育”,纯洁女儿患上抑郁症

煞费苦心,为女儿精心打造"无菌空间"赵荣叶是郑州一所高校音乐学院的教师。1995年5月,她与同校软件学院青年教师张久祥结婚。

Hardy spaces H^p over non-homogeneous metric measure spaces and their applications

Let(X,d,)be a metric measure space satisfying both the geometrically doubling and the upper doubling conditions.Let ρ∈(1,∞),0<p≤1≤q≤∞,p≠q,γ∈[1,∞)and ∈∈(0,∞).In this paper,the authors introduce the atomic Hardy space Hp,q,γ atb,ρ(μ)and the molecular Hardy space Hp,q,γ,mb,ρ∈(μ)via the discrete coefficient K(ρ),p B,S,and prove that the Calder′on-Zygmund operator is bounded from Hp,q,γ,δmb,ρ(μ)(or Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ))into Lp(μ),and from Hp,q,γ+1atb,ρ(ρ+1)(μ)into H p,q,γ,12(δ-νp+ν)mb,ρ(μ).The boundedness of the generalized fractional integral Tβ(β∈(0,1))from Hp1,q,γ,θmb,ρ(μ)(or Hp1,q,γatb,ρ(μ))into Lp2(μ)with 1/p2=1/p1-β is also established.The authors also introduce theρ-weakly doubling condition,withρ∈(1,∞),of the measure and construct a non-doubling measure satisfying this condition.If isρ-weakly doubling,the authors further introduce the Campanato space Eα,qρ,η,γ(μ)and show that Eα,qρ,η,γ(μ)is independent of the choices ofρ,η,γand q;the authors then introduce the atomic Hardy space Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ)and the molecular Hardy space Hp,q,γ,mb,ρ(μ),which coincide with each other;the authors finally prove that Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ)is the predual of E1/p-1,1ρ,ρ,1(μ).Moreover,if is doubling,the authors show that Eα,qρ,η,γ(μ)and the Lipschitz space Lipα,q(μ)(q∈[1,∞)),or Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ)and the atomic Hardy space Hp,q at(μ)(q∈(1,∞])of Coifman and Weiss coincide.Finally,if(X,d,)is an RD-space(reverse doubling space)with(X)=∞,the authors prove that Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ),Hp,q,γ,mb,ρ(μ)and Hp,q at(μ)coincide for any q∈(1,2].In particular,when(X,d,):=(RD,||,dx)with dx being the D-dimensional Lebesgue measure,the authors show that spaces Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ),Hp,q,γ,mb,ρ(μ),Hp,q,γatb,ρ(μ)and Hp,q,γ,mb,ρ(μ)all coincide with Hp(RD)for any q∈(1,∞).

The Inverse Mean Curvature Flow in Rotationally Symmetric Spaces

In this paper,the motion of inverse mean curvature flow which starts from a closed star-sharped hypersurface in special rotationally symmetric spaces is studied.It is proved that the flow converges to a unique geodesic sphere,i.e.,every principle curvature of the hypersurfaces converges to a same constant under the flow.