基于空间路权的高速公路隧道轮廓带系统评价

轮廓带系统广泛应用于现有高速公路隧道内,但其布设方案、形状、尺寸有较大差异,存在名称不统一、空间路权不明晰等问题。该文基于对中国大量高速公路隧道轮廓带调研分析,将轮廓带按其形式统一名称,划分为大反光环、小反光环、反光条,多点轮廓带。从横向路权、竖向路权、纵向路权的角度,构建了基于空间路权的高速公路隧道轮廓带评价体系,并对几种典型的轮廓带系统:无轮廓带方案、大反光环方案、大反光环与反光条组合方案进行了比选。结果表明:大反光环与反光条组合方案在高速公路隧道中部视线诱导中路权更清晰、明确,推荐在高速公路隧道中采用。

基于博弈论的城市道路空间路权分配研究

基于博弈论对城市干路机动车道公交车和非公交机动车的空间路权分配问题进行了系统研究。首先运用问卷调查法确定了出行者选择出行方式的关键因素;其次建立了双层规划模型,运用枚举法与混沌优化混合算法对模型进行了求解;最后通过典型路段对模型进行了验证。结果表明,在城市干路原有公交专用道的基础上再增设一条公交专用道,会吸引部分非公交机动车转向公交出行,公交分担率显著增加;通过优化城市干路机动车道空间路权的分配,不但能够改善公交服务水平,还能够提高城市道路运行效率,降低交通系统的成本,从而缓解交通拥堵,并推动交通绿色低碳发展。

基于空间路权的高速公路隧道入口视线诱导系统评价

高速公路隧道入口处内外视觉环境突变、过渡剧烈,容易诱发追尾、撞端墙及侧壁的交通事故。目前高速公路隧道入口的视线诱导系统专项研究不足,布设方案、组合形式、设施间距等设置混乱,隧道入口诱导设施视认性不足,缺乏合理的评价标准。提出基于空间路权的高速公路隧道入口视线诱导系统评价方法:将视线诱导系统的评价分为横向路权、竖向路权、纵向路权等3个评价因素,并将隧道洞口外、隧道洞口内协同评价,分为A级、B级、C级、D级等4个评价等级,并给出不同等级的各路段的视线诱导系统设置方案,并应用于秦岭1号公路隧道改善前后的评价以验证评价方法的合理性。提出的评价标准对高速公路隧道入口的视线诱导系统的评价及优化具有很强的指导意义,是对现有规范的有益补充。

公路隧道空间路权分析及驾驶人因安全评价研究

对比公路各路段,隧道由于其特殊性,交通事故较多发,有必要针对隧道交通的重要因素空间路权和驾驶人因进行深入研究,结合有关实验论证,找到隧道空间路权特点,并提出基于隧道驾驶人因的安全评价思路,为提升公路隧道使用效率和通行安全提供一种研究方法。

Research on Travel Preferences of Wheelchair Users in Barrier-Free Environments and Improvement Strategies for Adaptive Urban Roads

The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.