空预器排烟温度降低的计算机智能控制方法探讨

本文聚焦于空预器排烟温度控制的重要性和现状,探讨计算机智能控制技术在此领域的应用。通过采用神经网络和模糊逻辑等先进的智能控制理论,本研究构建适用于空预器排烟温度控制的智能控制策略。研究发现,这些策略能显著提高控制精度和系统适应性,同时面临数据处理、系统复杂性等挑战。本文不仅总结智能控制方法的优化策略和应对挑战的方法,还对未来智能控制技术在工业应用中的发展趋势进行展望,为相关领域的研究提供理论和实践参考。

空气预热器进风温度变化时基于燃料高位和低位热值的锅炉排烟热损失计算

锅炉排烟热损失是评价燃煤火力发电厂技术经济性的关键,详细分析了利用烟气余热来提高空预器进风温度对锅炉排烟热损失的影响,给出了以燃料高位热值和低位热值为基准的各项排烟热损失计算公式。计算结果表明,空预器进风温度提高时,锅炉热效率增加,且以高位热值为基准和以低位热值为基准计算的排烟热损失与锅炉主机厂的性能计算结果一致,为空气预热器进风温度变化时锅炉排烟热损失的计算提供了可行的方法。

空预器差压大的原因及处理

燃煤电厂超低排放后,氨逃逸量增加,造成空预器冷端硫酸氢氨腐蚀结晶,进一步造成积灰,导致空预器差压增大。随着新能源的大力发展,火电轮为调峰电源,长期低负荷和深度调峰操作,进一步导致空预器冷端低温腐蚀结晶的加剧。空预器差压的增大,不仅影响锅炉运行经济性,增加风机电耗,降低锅炉出力,更是给锅炉运行安全带来重大隐患。基于此,从多方面分析空预器差压增大的成因,并探索解决的途径。

降低排烟温度的措施 提高运行经济性

排烟热损失是发电厂锅炉各项损失中最大的一项。文章分析了影响电厂锅炉排烟温度高的主要因素，并根据这些因素针对#1炉排烟温度过高现象具体分析，并采取了相应措施，取得了较好效果。

石油管式加热炉燃烧流场的数值仿真

管式加热炉是石油化工企业的重要耗能设备,对燃烧优化操作向来是研究的热点。但由于内部燃烧炉况较为复杂多变,导致传统的监测手段存在测量精度不高、实时性不够且设备成本高昂等问题。利用计算流体学对工业燃烧和传热过程进行数值仿真,研究内部温度场、流场等特性是一种行之有效的方法。通过选择不同的燃烧和辐射模型,研究对炉内燃烧过程的影响,确定研究对象的最佳数学模型,并分析比较不同空预温度对燃烧炉况以及污染物排放特性的影响,确定较为优化的炉况操作条件。结果表明:采用标准k-ε两方程模型、PDF燃烧模型、P-1辐射模型以及SIMPLE算法,仿真加热炉的非预混燃烧完全合理,适宜的空预温度操作范围有助于提高加热炉燃烧热效率。

A study on the temporal and spatial characteristics of droughts following earthquakes

According to the ＂jacking-up＂ theory, which relates the cause of earthquakes to outer core convection ascension bodies, the crust will gradually recover after an earthquake. In such cases, the crust is stretched, the underground temperature is reduced, precipitation decreases, and drought occurs. In this paper, precipitation is compared with ground temperature and seismic data to determine the spatial and temporal relationship between earthquakes and subsequent droughts. Our objective is to develop a new method of drought prediction. With a few exceptions in location, the analysis of the first drought to occur after the Ms 〉 7 earthquakes in China's Mainland and the adjacent areas since 1950 shows that droughts tended to occur in regions near earthquake epicenters and in the eastern regions of the epicenters at the same latitude within six months after the earthquakes. In addition, and the differences between the starting time of the earthquakes and the droughts nearly share the same probability of 0 to 6 months. After careful analysis of 34 Ms 〉 6.5 earthquakes occurring in western China from 1980 to 2011, we determined that a second drought tends to occur approximately six months following the first drought, indicating a quasi-half-year period. Moreover, the duration of the quasi-half-year fluctuation increases with the magnitude of earthquake, at approximately 2.5 years for Ms 6.5 earthquake and approximately 5 years for Ms 8 earthquake.

Multiple-response optimization for melting process of aluminum melting furnace based on response surface methodology with desirability function

To reduce the fuel consumption and emissions and also enhance the molten aluminum quality, a mathematical model with user-developed melting model and burning capacity model, were established according to the features of melting process of regenerative aluminum melting furnaces. Based on validating results by heat balance test for an aluminum melting furnace, CFD （computational fluid dynamics） technique, in association with statistical experimental design were used to optimize the melting process of the aluminum melting furnace. Four important factors influencing the melting time, such as horizontal angle between burners, height-to-radius ratio, natural gas mass flow and air preheated temperature, were identified by PLACKETT-BURMAN design. A steepest descent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these factors. Response surface methodology with BOX-BEHNKEN design was adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables on RSD （relative standard deviation） of aluminum temperature, RSD of furnace temperature and melting time. Multiple-response optimization by desirability function approach was used to determine the optimum melting process parameters. The results indicate that the interaction between the height-to-radius ratio and horizontal angle between burners affects the response variables significantly. The predicted results show that the minimum RSD of aluminum temperature （12.13%）, RSD of furnace temperature （18.50%） and melting time （3.9 h） could be obtained under the optimum conditions of horizontal angle between burners as 64°, height-to-radius ratio as 0.3, natural gas mass flow as 599 m3/h, and air preheated temperature as 639 ℃. These predicted values were further verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between the predicted and experimental values confirms the validity and practicability of this statistical optimum strategy.

STUDY ON THE METHOD FOR FORECASTING DANGEROUSNESS OF COAL FACE AND HEADING FACE OUTBURST BY TWO TEMPERATURE INDEXES

In line with the sensitivity of coal drillings temperature and coalbed temperature to the dangerous zone of coal and gas outburst, two temperature sensitive indexes (△Tm, △tm) for forecasting dangerousness of coal face and heading face outburst are defined, and deal with the foundation on drillings and coalbed temperatures used as sensitive indexes and the principle and method of determining drillings and coalbed temperatures. On the basis of this, we put forward the method for forecasting dangerousness of coal face and heading face outburst by two temperature sensitive indexes and determine the critical values of two temperature sensitive indexes (△Tm= 5.5℃, △tm = 4.5℃) by in-situ observation and requirement for determining sensitive index.

Numerical Study of Air Nozzles on Mild Combustion for Application to Forward Flow Furnace

An attempt was made to extend mild combustion to forward flow furnace, such as the refinery and petrochemical tube furnace. Three dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to study the performance of this furnace. The Eddy Dissipation Concept(EDC) model coupled with the reaction mechanism DRM-19 was used. The prediction showed a good agreement with the measurement. The effect of air nozzle circle(D), air nozzle diameter(d), air nozzle number(N), and air preheating temperature(Tair) on the flow, temperature and species fields, and the CO and NO emissions was investigated. The results indicate that there are four zones in the furnace, viz.: a central jet zone, an ignition zone, a combustion reaction zone, and a flue gas zone, according to the distribution profiles of H_2 CO and OH. The central jet entrains more flue gas in the furnace upstream with an increasing D while the effect of D is negligible in the downstream. The air jet momentum increases with a decreasing d or an increasing Tair, and entrains more flue gas. The effect of N is mainly identified near the burner exit. More heat is absorbed in the radiant section and less heat is discharged to the atmosphere with a decreasing d and an increasing N as evidenced by the flue gas temperature. The CO and NO emissions are less than 50 μL/L and 10 μL/L, respectively, in most of conditions.

Numerical Study on Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Stability of Premixed Methane/Ethylene/Air Flames

A numerical study on premixed methane/ethylene/air flames with various ethylene fractions and equivalence ratios was conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The effects of ethylene addition on laminar burning velocity, flame structure and flame stability under the condition of lean burning were investigated. The results show that the laminar burning velocity increases with ethylene fraction, especially at a large equivalence ratio. More ethylene addition gives rise to higher concentrations of H, O and OH radicals in the flame, which significantly promotes chemical reactions, and a linear correlation exists between the laminar burning velocity and the maximum H + OH concentration in the reaction zone. With the increase of ethylene fraction, the adiabatic flame temperature is raised, while the inner layer temperature becomes lower, contributing to the enhancement of combustion. Markstein length and Markstein number, representative of the flame stability, increase as more ethylene is added, indicating the tendency of flame stability to improve with ethylene addition.

A numerical investigation in buoyancy effects on micro jet diffusion flame

The buoyancy effect on micro hydrogen jet flames in still air was numerially studied.The results show that when the jet velocity is relatively large(V≥0.2 m/s),the flame height,width and temperature decrease,whereas the peak OH mass fraction increases significantly under normal gravity(g=9.8 m/s^2).For a very low jet velocity(e.g.,V=0.1 m/s),both the peak OH mass fraction and flame temperature under g=9.8 m/s^2 are lower than the counterparts under g=0 m/s^2.Analysis reveals that when V≥0.2 m/s,fuel/air mixing will be promoted and combustion will be intensified due to radial flow caused by the buoyancy effect.However,the flame temperature will be slightly decreased owing to the large amount of entrainment of cold air into the reaction zone.For V=0.1 m/s,since the heat release rate is very low,the entrainment of cold air and fuel leakage from the rim of tube exit lead to a significant drop of flame temperature.Meanwhile,the heat loss rate from fuel to inner tube wall is larger under g=9.8 m/s^2 compared to that under g=0 m/s^2.Therefore,the buoyancy effect is overall negative at very low jet velocities.

300MW机组W火焰燃煤锅炉存在问题及对策

无烟煤具有着火温度高、燃烧稳定性差、燃尽困难的特点。无烟煤燃烧技术是锅炉界关注的问题。结合我厂燃煤煤质差，煤质波动大。机组高负荷工况时，燃烧稳定性差，频繁发生锅炉燃烧恶化灭火．严重影响机组安全、稳定、经济运行，锅炉飞灰可燃物高、排烟温度高、煤耗高、锅炉效率达不到设定值等问题。经过试验调整和分析，制定对策措施。

Research on software development of air temperature prediction in coal face

With ever-increasing depth of coal mine and the continuous improvement of mechanization, heat damage has become one of the major disasters in coal mine exploitation. Established the temperature prediction models suitable for different kinds of tunnels through analysis of the heat of shafts, roadways and working faces. The average annual air temperature prediction equation from the inlets of shafts to the working faces was derived. The formula was deduced using combine method of iteration and direct calculation. The method can improve the precision of air temperature prediction, so we could establish the whole pathway air temperature prediction model with high precision. Emphasizing on the effects of leakage air to air temperature of working face and using the ideology of the finite difference method and considering the differential equation of inlet and outlet at different stages, this method can significantly improve the accuracy of temperature prediction. Program development uses Visual Basic 6.0 Language, and the Origin software was used to fit the relevant data. The predicted results shows that the air temperature generally tends to rapidly increase in the air inlet, then changes slowly on working face, and finally increases sharply in air outlet in the condition of goaf air leakage. The condition is in general consistent with the air temperature change tendency of working face with U-type ventilation system. The software can provide reliable scientific basis for reasonable ventilation, cooling measures and management of coal mine thermal hazards.