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突现主义与心灵因果性
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作者 钟磊 陈亚君(译) 《清华西方哲学研究》 2024年第1期285-305,共21页
“排除论证”已经困扰了非还原主义者几十年。在这篇文章中,我试图表明,突现主义(emergentism)——它认为心灵实体能够以非过度决定的方式向下导致物理实体——是解决排除问题最合理的方案。突现主义方案在当代心灵哲学中是缺席的,因为... “排除论证”已经困扰了非还原主义者几十年。在这篇文章中,我试图表明,突现主义(emergentism)——它认为心灵实体能够以非过度决定的方式向下导致物理实体——是解决排除问题最合理的方案。突现主义方案在当代心灵哲学中是缺席的,因为突现主义拒绝了物理的因果封闭原则,而这是几乎所有物理主义者都接受的学说。然而,本文将挑战关于因果封闭的共识,并辩护一种物理主义版本的突现主义。在仔细考察后,我发现物理证据和物理主义考量都不能令人满意地支持因果封闭。此外,我将论证,接受因果封闭的两种相互竞争的方案,即兼容主义和自主主义,都涉及心灵因果的特设(ad hoc)问题。因此,综合考虑后,突现主义是可供非还原物理主义利用的最佳选择。 展开更多
关键词 突现主义 物理的因果封闭 排除论证 非还原的物理主义 兼容主义 自主主义
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The Narrative Perspectives Manifested in AI-Kharrat's Novels
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作者 Yaseen Kittani 《Sociology Study》 2013年第4期309-320,共12页
This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat: Rama wal-Tinnin (Rama and the Dragon, 1979) and al-Zaman al-Akhar (The Other Time, 1985). The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernis... This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat: Rama wal-Tinnin (Rama and the Dragon, 1979) and al-Zaman al-Akhar (The Other Time, 1985). The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernistic type and the real and the imaginary are juxtaposed. The narrative imitates at its diverse levels the internal conflict, argument, and uncertainty of the protagonist Michael, who finally finds his self-realization in an imaginary time, "the other time", which is also the title of one of the novels. The present study focuses on the transformation and alternation of the perspectives and the narrative vision through the destruction of the narrator's identity and the text itself, the analysis of the narrative shift between the first and third person, the fragmentation of the self, the ambiguity of the signs, the severity of the crisis, and the psychological conflict at its diverse levels and multiplicities. Toward this plurality and shift, it is necessary to systematically depend upon what the theories of Bakhtin and Genette have to offer in order to cover the narrative levels and multiple voices prevailing in the texts. 展开更多
关键词 Al-Kharrat polyphonic focalization diegetic levels
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