社会认知批评话语分析中的非政治化和突生结构——以龙卷风Sandy新闻报道为例

Van Dijk提出的社会认知批评话语分析是语言研究的又一新维度。透过龙卷风Sandy新闻报道深层次的幕后认知,限制性语码在意图语义框架完型的过程中,将灾害完全归咎于自然现象,隐瞒其中的政治因素、社会因素和经济因素,从而将西方哲学启蒙运动以来自然/社会二元对立所体现的意识形态进一步主流化。也正是在突生结构中,SANDY与物质固着物MONSTER得以捆绑,实现了非政治化,从而进一步稳固了权势关系的统一体系。

应急响应中的突生组织网络——“鲁甸地震”案例研究

在应急管理中,突生是一种重要的适应机制。如何通过突生组织网络提升应急响应的适应能力是应急管理研究的核心议题。本文运用突生组织网络作为理论框架,采用网络分析方法,以2014年8月3日发生的云南"鲁甸地震"为案例,识别了灾前制度化应急组织网络和灾后实际响应网络。通过比较这两个网络,本文发现,在中国集权制政治情境下,灾害也会催生突生组织网络,NGO是突生组织网络的构成主体,突生组织网络的功能包括抢险救援、群众生活安置、医疗救治防疫、治安维护、新闻宣传、社会动员。灾前的社会条件在社会价值、社会关系和资源能力三个维度上支持或限制了突生网络的形成、构成和功能发挥。目前的问题在于,突生组织网络与制度化组织网络之间的互动不够充分,对突生组织网络的协调还有待改进。因此,如何在增强应急响应网络包容性的同时确保应急响应网络的协调效率是下一步提升应急响应适应能力的关键。

功能中心语的特征突生效应和“的”的特征

如果一个语类的功能性比介词强,它的语类特征就可以描写为[-N,-V]。汉语中三种"的"字的语类特征都是[-N,-V]。词汇中心语和短语之间存在特征渗透关系。功能中心语有特征突生效应,即功能中心语能够决定整个短语的分布和语类特征,使短语突生出[+N]、[+V]一类的特征。功能成分对整个结构的性质具有决定性的作用,这是把功能成分分析为中心语的真正原因。可以将三个"的"分别表示为"[的]v"(整个结构为谓词性,对应于朱德熙(1961)"的1")、"[的]a"(整个结构为状态形容词性,对应于"的2")、"[的]n"(整个结构为名词性,对应于"的3"),以达到区别三者的目的。

高校“突困生”应急援助体系初探

国家现行助贫援助体系不利于家庭经济突然变故而产生的"突困生"经济问题的解决。解决突困生问题在于要及时发现突困生的存在,完善助贫工作评价体系,设立突困生援助专项基金,加强突困生心理疏导,不让一个学生因突困而辍学。

数字化转型下的应急响应突生组织:潜力、挑战和协调路径

在应急管理中,无法满足重大灾害需求为突生组织的形成奠定了基础,突生是一种重要的适应机制。在数字化转型下,突生组织逐渐超越劳动为导向,发挥组织敏捷性。本文通过对两个案例的考察,归纳了在危机中紧急涌现的突生组织如何即兴发挥技术创新的操作流程,提出突生组织在灾害应对中重新部署相对新颖的信息通信技术的“开放连接—在线赋能—共享协同”的运行机制模式。同时,本文从内因和外因两个维度指出了应急响应突生组织面对的挑战,进一步提出从构建制度性容纳、培育数字化转型下政府的应急治理意识和思维、出台相关法律法规、标准等协调路径来提升突生组织在促进应急响应适应中的角色和功能。

概念整合理论在意义构建中的解释力

认知语言学中的概念整合是一种意义构建的理论。概念整合理论是Fauconn ier和Turner在心理空间理论的基础上提出的。该理论运用三条操作方法,遵循六条优化原则,并形成满足这些优化原则的网络结构,从而积极、动态地进行语言的意义构建。概念整合理论对语言现象具有强大的解释力,人类的认知和意义的构建都离不开概念整合。

老庄哲学的当代阐释

老庄的“道”是现象世界整体及这一变化过程,现象之间的相互作用关系(即阴阳)构成境域,境域是解释万物的所以然(即本体)。本体只是一种假设,需要在修德(即实践)的历史过程中检验其效用并形成新“德”。而在澄清“道”和“德”涵义的基础上,又可对构成老庄哲学主干的一些重要命题,如“有无相生”“阴阳互根”“析万物之理”“始制有名”“齐物”“物物者非物”“非常道”“辩无胜”“心斋”“坐忘”“逍遥游”等,形成全新的诠释。道的主要作用体现在维系万物为一体、让万物自为,也即在一体之中让万物自成境域、互相合作、互相成就,此即“一体多元”的自由。人与自然有机统一于其中,这也就是古代中国人“万物一体”“天人合一”信仰的存在论基础。

Effect of Jasmonic Acid on Lateral Root Formation in Rice Seedling

实验材料为水稻 (OryzasativaL .)栽培品种“IR8”(国际水稻所 8号 )及其少侧根突变体MT10。将 2d水稻幼苗种子根全部浸入 0 .0 16～ 5 0 μmol/L茉莉酸 (JA)溶液处理 2d ,结果表明JA显著抑制种子根的伸长 ,其抑制程度与JA浓度成正比。不高于 2 μmol/L的JA显著促进侧根的发生 ,每cm的侧根数目随浓度的增加而增加 ,最多可增加到原来的 16 8% (“IR8”)和 2 85 % (MT10 )。 10 μmol/L的JA仍促进处理过程中和处理后生成根区段的侧根数目的增加 ,但明显抑制处理前生成根区段侧根的发生 。

Regulation of axonal regeneration following the central nervous system injury in adult mammalian

It has been well established that the recovery ability of central nervous system （CNS） is very poor in adult mammals. As a result, CNS trauma generally leads to severe and persistent functional deficits. Thus, the investigation in this field becomes a ＂hot spot＂. Up to date, accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that the failure of CNS neurons to regenerate is not due to their intrinsic inability to grow new axons, but due to their growth state and due to lack of a permissive growth environment. Therefore, any successful approaches to facilitate the regeneration of injured CNS axons will likely include multiple steps： keeping neurons alive in a certain growth-state, preventing the formation of a glial scar, overcoming inhibitory molecules present in the myelin debris, and giving direction to the growing axons. This brief review focused on the recent progress in the neuron regeneration of CNS in adult mammals.

Potato Y Potyvirus Helper Component Proteinase Enhances Long-distance Movement of Potato X Potexvirus

To mutagenize two conserved CCCT and PTK motifs in the central domain of Chinese strain of potato Y potyvirus (PVY-C) helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), four mutants of HC-Pro gene were obtained by PCR and site-directed mutagenesis, and then were inserted into the constitutive expression vector pBin438. Leaves from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. K326) were transformed with these four plant expression plasmids by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, respectively. Southern and Western blotting analyses showed that these four mutants were integrated into tobacco genomic DNA and could express the corresponding proteins in most of die transgenic plants. The challenge of transgenic plants with potato X potexvirus (PVX) revealed that the expression products of PVY-C HC-Pro mutants in transgenic plants greatly abolished functions of HC-Pro in enhancing the accumulation and pathogenicity of PVX, indicating that CCCT and PTK motifs of HC-Pro were required for PVX/PVY synergism. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that PVY-C HC-Pro had a function in accelerating the long-distance movement of PVX in these transgenic plants for the first time.

Genetic Analysis of a Biomass Mutant in Oryza sativa

[ Objective ] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [ Method ] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [ Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law（3：1）. The mutant assumed not only higher plant height, wider straw and earlier florescence, but also more tillers, bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene（Bar） in the T-DNA inserted, proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene （Bar）. [ Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic of a Stripe Mutant with Abnormal Flower Organs in Rice

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore physiological and biochemical changes of leaves after plants were mutated. [Method] A rice double mutant with stripes on stems, leaves and spikelets were taken as experimental materials to study the enzyme activity changes in different growth stages and amino acid variation in rice. [ Result] The SOD activity in mutant was higher than that in wild plant at tillering metaphase, but lower than that in wild type before heading stage and late flowering; the POD activity in three stages increased firstly then declined and the activity showed highest maximal activity at before heading stage. However, the POD activity in wild type showed the opposite change trend; the CAT activity presented degression at three stages, especially high at tillering metaphase, but reverse changes in wild type; the MDA activity decreased at three stages, but it was still higher than that in wild type, besides, the soluble sugar content of mutant was lower, but total amino acid content was increased. [ Conclusion] The expression of mutant characteristics was correlated with SOD, POD, CAT and MDA activity Changes and these changes made the mutant survive and rice quality change at last.

Physiological Analysis of Two Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants in Response to CO2

[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.

Eucaryotic DNA Methylation and Gene Mutation

5-methylcytosine (m5C) as a rare base exists in eucaryotic genomes, it is a normal constituent of many eucaryotic DNA, whose existence is a character of eucaryotic DNA. In the regular physiological conditions, cytosine residue of eucaryotic DNA is methylated to be popular. Up to the present, many people consider that the m5C may be mutation hotspots by the m5C deamination leading to gene mutation. Our theoretical investigations indicated that the spontaneous mutation caused by the transition of G - C-A - T, in eukaryotic DNA, may be a result caused by the tautomer changing base pairs and may also be caused by other factor actions, however it could not be caused by the deamination of m5C.

Alcohol dehydrogenase coexisted solid-state electrochemiluminescence biosensor for detection of p53 gene

An alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH）-coexisted solidstate electrochemiluminescence （ECL） biosensor for sensitive detection of the p53 gene was developed. The electrode modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Ru（bpy）]2＋3 and polypyrrole （ MWNTs-Ru （bpy） ]2＋3 -PPy ） was prepared to adsorb the ssDNA by electrostatic interactions. Then, the ssDNA recognized the gold nanoparticles （AuNPs）-labeled p53 gene and produced the AuNPs-dsDNA electrode with the AuNPs layer. The AuNPs layer adsorbed the ADH molecules for producing the ECL signal. Thus, the biosensor was based on coupling enzyme substrate reaction with solid-state ECL detection, and it displayed good sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of the wild type p53 sequence （wtp53） is as low as 0. 1 pmol/L and the discrimination is up to 57. 1% between the wtp53 and the muted type p53 sequence （mtp53）. The amenability of this method to the analyses of p53 from normal and cancer cell lysates is demonstrated. The signal of wtp53 in the MGC-803 gastric cancer cell lysates turns out to be about 61.8% that of the wtp53 in the GES-1 normal gastric mucosal cell lysates, and the concentration of the wtp53 is found to decrease about 59 times. The method is highly complementary to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, and it holds promise for the diagnosis and management of cancer.

Accumulation of Mutant Genes and Its Pathway with Reproductive Isolation

According to the fitness of heterozygote was lower than homozygote among panmictic population,the process of generational accumulate of mutant gene r was considered.Branch point of r＇s frequency by generational evolution which revealed the hereditary incompatibility between R and r,was worked out,and it was found that genetic drift can make r have higher frequency to surpass the branch point to form reproductive isolation.It was not enough to have the three conditions of mutation,genetic drift and natural selection to be the drive of biological evolution;hybrid weakness,the repelling interaction between the genetic background of original population and the new mutation,were also needed.

Isolation and Characterization of an Arabidopsis Bushy and Dwarf Mutant

Apical dominance is a phenomenon that the growth of axillary meristems is inhibited by the primary shoot or inflorescence. Recent researches have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms of apical dominance by isolating and identifying mutants with altered apical dominance. Here we report isolation of a bushy and dwarf 1 (bud1) mutant from Arabidopsis thaliana L. through a T-DNA tagging approach. The phenotypes of bul1 plants include loss of apical dominance, reduced plant size and dwarfism, suggesting that the bud1 mutant may be involved in auxin metabolism, transport or signalling. Using a reporter gene driven by an auxin-responsive promoter, we found that the expression pattern of auxin response element was altered in bud1. The auxin sensitivity and transport assay indicates that these two processes are normal in bud1. These results suggest that the bud1 phenotypes may result from an alteration in auxin metabolism. Genetic analysis demonstrates that bud1 is a semidominant mutant and cosegregates with a T-DNA insertion, which indicates that BUD1 gene could be cloned by iPCR approach.

Studies on Crystalline Growth of MoFe Protein from a nifZ Deleted Strain of Azotobacter vinelandii

Under a given condition of crystallization, dark brown short rhombohedron crystals could be obtained from Δ nifZ MoFe protein purified from a nifZ deleted mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann. Systematic studies on the effect of concentrations of PEG 8000,MgCl 2, NaCl,Tris and buffer pH on the crystallization and crystal growth of the protein showed that the protein could not be crystallized in lower concentrations of the chemicals and lower buffer pH. A large amount of smaller crystals of the protein appeared in a week with gradual increasing in the chemical concentrations and pH≥8.0. When the chemical concentrations were further increased, the time for crystallization was increased and a few high grade crystals of larger size were formed. If the concentrations of the chemicals were continuously increased, many crystals with smaller size, and, sometimes of poor quality appeared again and eventually ceased to produce any crystals. The optimal concentration for each of the above mentioned chemicals varies with other variable factors. Only one bigger crystal (both of the longest two sides: 0.16 mm) could be obtained in a hanging drop of protein sample when the concentrations of PEG 8000, MgCl 2, NaCl,Tris and protein were kept at 1.86%, 300 mmol/L, 400 mmol/L, 53 mmol/L and 4.64 g/L , respectively, with Tris buffer pH 8.2.

An Extended Birth-Death Processes with Catastrophes——Stochastically Monotone, Feller and Symmetric Properties

A new structure with the special property that catastrophes is imposed to ordinary Birth_Death processes is considered. The necessary and sufficient conditions of stochastically monotone, Feller and symmetric properties for the extended birth_death processes with catastrophes are obtained.

Impact analysis of supplier relationship on supply chain resilience using biological cellular resilience theory

A supply chain resilience model is established based on the biological cellular resilience theory to analyze the impact of the supplier relationship on supply chain resilience. A scenario where the market demand is changed suddenly by some undesired events is considered. The results reveal that enhancing collaboration with a more resilient supplier can significantly improve supply chain resilience and reduce supply chain losses. It is also found that enhancing the supplier relationship can significantly benefit supply chain resilience if the collaborative intensity is relatively low, and it has less effect if supply chain members have already collaborated closely. Thus, enhancing the supplier relationship to a limited intensity is a relatively effective and economic method to strengthen supply chain resilience.