世贸组织通报立法审查报告

由于近年来世贸组织许多成员援引有关协议制定的贸易限制措施引起的贸易争端不断增多,世贸组织秘书处最近应法规审查工作小组(WPDR)的请求,公布了一份题为:"Necessity Tests"In The WTO的文件.

Air Quality Legislation and Standards in the European Union: Background, Status and Public Participation

In order to improve air quality, the European Union introduced the New Air Quality Directive in 2008 and set its Member States strict targets on air pollution concentrations for the most harmful and challenging substances, such as fine particles. The law enforcement relies on a monitoring and reporting system to inform the European Commission and the public, for it is the citizens' right to be informed about harmful air quality. With sectoral measures, air quality could be improved in the past 20 years, but some emissions concentrations have stagnated in recent years and emissions temporarily exceed thresholds in nearly half of the Member States. The European Emission Inventory allows the commission to identify the substances, areas, and times of exceedances, and to implement sectoral measures leading to air quality improvements, all of which have to be made available publicly. This manuscript introduces the air quality legislation and reviews the quality of European air for recent years.

论党领导立法的实现方式

党的领导是社会主义法治最根本的保证。只有明确党领导立法的实现路径与方式,健全党领导立法的工作机制与程序,才能真正将党对立法的领导纳入法治轨道。首先,依法确立党的重大立法事项决定权,明确其法定界限、调控对象及运行程序。其次,依法完善党的修宪建议权,明确修宪建议程序的启动原则、启动主体和参与主体,创设修宪建议程序机制,细化党行使修宪建议权的法定环节与步骤。再次,依法固化党的听取立法报告权,确定报告主体、界定报告权限、明确报告内容、设定报告方式。最后,构建党领导立法的法治规范体系,既要从宪法法律和党内法规两个层面分别对此予以规定,又要注重国法与党规之间的衔接与协调。其中,重点是要制定一部《中国共产党领导国家立法工作规程》,完善党领导立法的法律规范体系建设。

立法后评估结果的回应机制

立法后评估结果的回应机制,就是特定的国家机关针对立法后评估报告中提出来的问题,采取特定方式作出回复或反应的具体运作过程。有效的立法后评估的回应机制建立在立法后评估结果的信度与效度上,其回应主体是立法后评估报告所涉及的有关立法与执法机关或人员,同时还要求运用特定的回应方式与内容。为保障立法后评估结果顺畅的有效回应,还需要建立完善的立法后评估结果回应的监控制度。