城市更新背景下美国历史环境“立面化”保护利用研究——以华盛顿特区为例

“立面化”以建筑立面与内部空间的分离为基本特征,其伴随着美国1970年代末市场导向型城市更新出现,并在1990年代呈现出更加灵活的操作方式。文章将“立面化”置于城市更新背景下,深入研究美国历史环境保护利用中的立面化现象。通过考察二战后美国城市更新模式的转变,阐述立面化实践出现的政治经济背景;经由建筑学、城市规划、遗产保护等领域的后现代转向阐释其理论基础;以华盛顿特区历史保护实践中不同主体相互博弈的过程为例,研究其形成机制;并以物质空间和社会文化两方面的损失评价其后果。在此基础上,呼吁在城市更新中保存真实的物质与非物质历史遗产。

刚需住宅的公建化立面设计方法研究

住宅立面设计公建化是一种流行的趋势,是提升居住品质的创新点,也是区域规划对城市风貌控制的常见要求。在理想状态下,这种设计风格对住宅面宽、户型、成本都有所要求。本文探讨了住宅公建化设计中不同建设成本所适用的不同设计手法,总结了现状住宅公建化立面的特征,并探讨了如何在定位为刚需的住宅中以低成本实现该设计风格的方法。

空间化立面——特拉尼建筑初探

文章通过对建筑师朱赛普？特拉尼的三个建筑案例的解读，揭示出其中的主立面空间化倾向，并讨论了其形成原因、生成方式以及历史原型，最后指出立面空间化是理解特拉尼处理建筑与环境、时代与传统关系的重要线索。

南方地区高层住宅超扁平公建化立面设计研究

随着第五代住宅的出现,人们对住宅居住品质的要求越来越高,超扁平公建化立面作为一种具有前瞻性和现代艺术性的住宅立面新形式,代表了高层住宅立面进入了精工化和国际化的时代。为了让高层住宅的超扁平公建化立面在设计中得到广泛运用,本研究通过分析高层住宅超扁平公建化立面产生的意义、优势,以及对南方地区的高层住宅超扁平公建化立面进行分类,结合作者实际项目经验对南方地区高层住宅超扁平公建化立面各个细部的设计方法进行研究,为超扁平公建化住宅立面的发展和设计思路提供经验。

城市商业综合体特色街区商业空间设计与实践——以复地长沙星光天地项目为例

城市商业综合体是城市发展中的重要内容,也是往往是城市核心区的代表性建筑,其设计的水平至关重要。本文以复地长沙星光天地项目为例探讨了商业综合体营造特色街区商业的建筑设计中创新的设计要点,为后续类似项目的研究与设计提供参考。

基于动态采光模拟分析的东北地区教育建筑采光设计研究

东北地区自然光入射角较低,教室使用大尺度侧窗易导致严重眩光和热量散失。通过引入动态采光模拟分析,从优化立面侧窗形态和增加自然采光补偿两方面入手,以改善教室自然光环境的均匀度为核心目标,探索与之相适应的采光设计方法,并在实践中加以验证。

养老住宅社区设计研究--以北京君康顺义新城养老社区项目为例

文章依托君康顺义养老社区项目及国内目前老龄化现象加剧的现状,对养老住宅社区进行深入的设计研究。首先对国内外养老住宅社区进行查找梳理,吸取优秀项目的设计经验及成熟的设计手法,其次针对适老化设计板块查阅大量相关资料及文献,将养老住宅设计进行详细的子项细分及模式分类,最终选取较为合适的设计手法用于其中。针对国内老龄化发展较为迅速及顺义新城的地理位置和项目的自身特点,采用现在国际上较为成熟的持续照料退休社区(continuing care retirement community,CCRC)的养老社区模式。在项目的设计过程中主要针对总图规划、功能分区、产品设计及造型立面等模块进行逐一专项设计,在保证满足适老化规范的前提下更好地营造一个老有所养、老有所依的复合型高端养老住宅社区。

杭州银泰·海威国际项目的建筑设计

杭州银泰.海威国际是由酒店和住宅组成的综合性开发项目,因其北临钱塘江的独特地域条件,使得设计中一方面要考虑建筑布局对沿江景观优势的利用,另一方面要强调沿江建筑立面的统一性,特别是住宅的公建化立面设计独树一帜。

Quasi-classical Trajectory Study of C＋CD--C2＋D at Different Collision Energy

Quasi-classical trajectory calculations have been employed to investigate the influence of collision energy on the stereodynamics of the title reaction C＋CD--~C2＋D on the poten- tial energy surface of the 12AI state developed by Boggio-Pasqua et al. [Mol. Phys. 98, 1925 （2000）]. The product angular distributions which reflect the vector correlation have been calculated. In addition, two polarization-dependent different cross-sections are also presented in the center-of-mass frame respectively. The results indicate that the product C2 is sensitively affected by collision energy.

开闭之间——明星建筑师与建筑表皮

本对话从当代明星建筑师关注建筑表皮的现象开始分析,通过对立面剖面化和遮挡两个话题的深入交流,探讨了现象的相似性后面不同建筑师各自建筑观和态度的差异。

Effect of PCBN cutting tools wear on surface integrality in high-speed hard turning

In this paper, the effect of of flank wear polycrystalline cubic boron nitride （PCBN） tools on residual stresses, white layer and roughness of machined workpiece surfaces is studied. Experimental results indicate that with the increase of the tool wear, the surface of the machined workpiece tends to generate tensile residual stresses, and white layer becomes clearly thicker and uneven on the workpiece surface. The effect of the flank wear on the surface roughness is less within some range of flank wear value. The results show that it is possible to produce ideal surface integrality levels by controlling the tool flank wear.

High-quality and deeply excavated PtPdNi nanocubes as efficient catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction

The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)on the cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell requires the use of a catalyst based on Pt,one of the most expensive metals on the earth.A number of strategies,including optimization of a different metal into the core,have been investigated to enhance the activity of a Pt-based catalyst and thus reduce the loading of Pt.By dedicating to compounding high catalytic activity Pt_(2.7)Pd_(0.3)Ni concave cubic with high index crystal face,the paper shows that concave structures can offer more active site and high level of catalytic activity and if mixed with other metal,decrease the proportion of Pt and improve its mass activity.The paper also makes an exploration into the theory and conditions behind the formation of Pt_(2.7)Pd_(0.3)Ni concave cubic structure,and investigates the difference it demonstrates by modifying the reactive conditions.The results of the oxygen reduction performance of the electrochemical test are as follows:the concave cube-shaped Pt-Pd-Ni catalyst has a mass activity of 1.28 A mg_(Pt)^(–1) at 0.9 V,its highest mass activity is 8.20 times that of commercial Pt/C,and its specific activity is 8.68 times of that commercial Pt/C.And the Pt-Pd-Ni ternary nanocage has excellent structural invariance.After the stability test,there is no obvious structural change and performance degradation in the nanostructure.

Influence of Vibrational Excitation on Stereodynamics for O（3P）＋D2→OD＋D Reaction

Theoretical investigations on the stereodynamics of the O（3P）＋D2 reaction have been calculated by means of the quasi-classical trajectory to study the product rotational polarization at collision energy of 104.5 k J/tool on the potential energy surface of the ground 3A＂ triplet state. The vector properties including angular momentum alignment distributions and four polarization dependent generalized differential cross-sections of product have been presented. Furthermore, the influence of reagent vibrational excitation on the product vector properties has also been studied. The results indicate that the vector properties are sensitively affected by reagent vibrational excitation.

以光伏一体化为立面模块化在医疗建筑创作中的创新应用

随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,在进行医疗建筑设计过程中,应从生态环保、绿色低碳的角度入手,进一步强调现代建筑的节能发展,尽可能降低建筑使用能耗,达到建筑外观与实用价值的统一。利用光伏一体化的立面模块化设计就是一种新型建筑设计模式,在公共建筑创作领域有着非常重要的价值,本文就结合实际案例,围绕利用光伏一体化的立面模块化在建筑创作中的创新应用加以分析和研究。

探析公交首末站、停车楼与商业住宅的融合——以三明市城投广场(西区)项目为例

从三明城投广场片区对周边的辐射范围及环境影响入手,结合三明市城投广场(西区)项目,从城市公共需求、用地条件、城市文化环境等条件出发,对项目场地总平面布局、建筑使用功能、不同流线组织、立面造型设计等方面进行了分析,探究了不同使用功能的空间在建筑中的融合,并基此引发城市建筑活化与更新的思考。

现代人才公寓设计探索

本文以人才公寓项目设计为例,从类型建筑设计研究、总体规划布局、户型精细化设计到立面设计等维度,总结归纳了对于人才公寓设计的思考与经验。在规范、成本、各方喜好的夹缝中,设计力求去探寻最佳的解决方案。

探讨公交首末站、停车楼与商业住宅的融合——以三明市城投广场(西区)项目为例

从三明城投广场片区对周边的辐射范围及环境影响入手,以三明市城投广场(西区)项目为例,结合城市公共需求、用地条件、城市文化环境等条件,对项目场地总平面布局、建筑使用功能、各类不同流线的组织、立面造型设计等几个方面进行了分析,探究了不同使用功能的空间在建筑中的融合,并基此引发了城市建筑活化与更新的思考。

An Analysis of the Steric Sea Level Change by Introducing Sea Surface Temperature

In this paper, we use the optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (OISST) provided by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to replace the temperature in the top three layers in the ISHII data, and make use of the modified ISHII temperature data to calculate the thermosteric sea level (called modified steric sea level (SSL) hereafter). We subtract the modified SSL and the steric sea level (called ordinary SSL hereafter) derived from the ISHII temperature and salinity from the steric sea level (SSL) provided by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), respectively, and find that the rms error of the difference of the former is obviously smaller than that of the latter. Therefore we reach the conclusion that under the assumption that the GRACE SSL is accurate, the modified SSL can reflect the true steric sea level more accurately. Making use of the modified SSL, we can find that the modified SSL in sea areas of different spatial scales shows an obvious rising trend in the upper 0-700 m layer for the period 1982-2006. The global mean SSL rises with a rate of 0.6 mm year-1 .The modified SSLs in sea areas of different spatial scales all show obvious oscillations with period of one year. There are oscillations with periods of 4-8 years in global oceans and with periods of 2-7 years in the Pacific. The Empirical Orthogonal Function method is applied to the sea areas of different spatial scales and we find that the first modes all have obvious 1-year period oscillations, the first mode of the global ocean has 4-8 year period oscillations, and that of the Pacific has 2-6 year period oscillations. The spatial distribution of the linear rising trend of the global modified SSL in the upper 0-700 m layer is inhomogeneous with intense regional characteristics. The modified SSL linear trend indicates a zonal dipole in the tropical Pacific, rising in the west and descending in the east. In the North Atlantic, the modified SSL indicates a meridional dipole, rising in the latitude band of 20°N-40°N and 45°N-65.5°N and descending obviously in the latitude band of 40°N-45°N.

Steric Effects in the Cl＋CHD3（v1=1） Reaction

A recent study has revealed a full 3-dimentional reactive scattering picture of the reaction CI＋CHD3（v1=1） as the C1 atoms attack CHD3 from various directions respective to the C-H stretching bond. The reported polarization-dependent differential cross sections provide the most detailed characterization of the influences of reagent alignments on reactivity. To convey the stereo-specific information more accessible to general chemists, we show here, by proper symmetry considerations, how to retrieve from the measurements the relative integral and differential cross sections of two most common collision geometries： the end-on versus side-on attacks. The results, albeit coarse-grained, provide an appealing picture that not only reinforces our intuition about chemical reactivity, but also sheds more light on the conventional （unpolarized） attributes.

Seasonal Change of Steric Sea Level in the GIN Seas

The Greenland Sea,Iceland Sea,and Norwegian Sea (GIN seas) form the main channel connecting the Arctic Ocean with other Oceans,where significant water and energy exchange take place,and play an important role in global climate change.In this study steric sea level,associated with temperature and salinity,in the GIN seas is examined based on analysis of the monthly temperature and salinity fields from Polar science center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC3.0).A method proposed by Tabata et al.is used to calculate steric sea level,in which,steric sea level change due to thermal expansion and haline contraction is termed as the thermosteric component (TC) and the halosteric component (SC),recpectively.Total steric sea level (TSSL) change is the sum of TC and SC.The study shows that SC is making more contributions than TC to the seasonal change of TSSL in the Greenland Sea,whereas TC contributes more in the Norwegian and the Iceland Seas.Annual variation of TSSL is larger than 50 mm over most regions of the GIN Seas,and can be larger than 200 mm at some locations such as 308 mm at 76.5 N,12.5 E and 246 mm at 77.5 N,17.5 W.