Selecting a site for a nuclear power plant requires extensive studies to ensure its safety and stability during its operation until its decommissioning. The 4,500-year old Egyptian pyramids at Giza are buildings to le...Selecting a site for a nuclear power plant requires extensive studies to ensure its safety and stability during its operation until its decommissioning. The 4,500-year old Egyptian pyramids at Giza are buildings to learn from. This paper tries to pin down the reasons for the survival of the Giza pyramids in order to reach a criterion for choosing sites for important buildings. It argues that the site selection and the geological properties of the area, being away from seismic effects,, floods and groundwater levels, the stability of the geometric form of the pyramid, the solidity of the structural engineering and precision of execution arguably are the reasons why the Great Pyramids of Giza are the only survivors of the seven wonders of the ancient world.展开更多
Holocaust memorial sites rarely tell the story of individual fates but rather give attention to the main or larger population groups that were the focus of persecution and extermination during the Nazi Germany twelve ...Holocaust memorial sites rarely tell the story of individual fates but rather give attention to the main or larger population groups that were the focus of persecution and extermination during the Nazi Germany twelve years of terror in Europe 1933-45. This essay takes a closer look at one of the most remarkable exemptions of the prevailing memory culture at Holocaust memorials： the sites and events highlighting Anne Frank and her short life in troubled times. Over the past years millions of travelers from all over the world have shown a genuine interest in learning about the life world of their young heroine thus creating what has been termed Anne Frank Tourism. In 2014, 1.2 million people visited the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam： the museum and educational center, the place in hiding where she wrote her now famous and widely read diary. Several other sites connected to the life path of Anne Frank, from her birth place in Frankfurt to the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp where her life prematurely ended, have also become part of the mostly young tourists＇ search for Anne Frank＇s life and legacy. With the rising popularity of Anne Frank related sites the management of some of the locales has become more problematic which is discussed in the context of a several museums, centers and historic sites. On a more general note, it is argued here that in recent years the more group oriented commemoration practices at Holocaust sites have given way to a trend of putting individual faces to the victims of the Holocaust. It was, in particular, novels, films and TV productions about the Holocaust that emphasized individual life paths and events and enticed visitation to more personalized sites. Steven Spielberg＇s popular movie Schindler＇s List, for example, contributed to ＂Schindler tourism＂, a form of special interest tourism in Krakow. More and more Holocaust memorial sites have also started to honor outstanding individuals or small groups in resistance and opposition to Nazi Germany. Examples of this are the fighters of the 1943 uprising at the Sobibor death camp and the courageous student members of the ＂White Rose＂ in Munich who stood up to the powers of the time and were executed. In the concluding part the question will be raised of what is the proper approach in the representation of the fate of the victims of Nazi Germany： A personalized approach or a greater focus on an explanation of the ideology and policies behind the rule of terror which may contribute to the visitors＇ better understanding of a complex history？展开更多
Organic Rankine cycle(ORC) power plant operating with supercritical parameters supplied by low temperature slag-washing water(SWW) of blast furnace was investigated.A schematic of such installation was presented with ...Organic Rankine cycle(ORC) power plant operating with supercritical parameters supplied by low temperature slag-washing water(SWW) of blast furnace was investigated.A schematic of such installation was presented with a description of its operation and the algorithm of calculations of a supercritical power plant.Two typical organic fluids with sufficiently low critical parameters were selected as candidate working fluids in the plant to study the efficiency of the system with different organic fluids.An analysis of the influence on the effectiveness of operation of a plant was carried out.With the same temperature of slag-washing water,the specific work in turbine of fluid R143a is 45% higher than that obtained for the fluid R125,however,the specific work in pump of fluid R143a is approximate equal into that one of the fluid R125.展开更多
First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate energetics and site preference of carbon (C) in a tungsten (W) 5(310)/[001] grain boundary (GB). We calculate the solution energies of the C atom in the...First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate energetics and site preference of carbon (C) in a tungsten (W) 5(310)/[001] grain boundary (GB). We calculate the solution energies of the C atom in the GB, which show that the interstitial C is energetically favored over the substitutional C. The segregation energy is calculated to be 3.95 eV for the energetically favorable GB interstitial site, indicating that C energetically prefers to segregate into the W GB. Based on the Rice-Wang model, our total energy calculations show that C has a significant beneficial effect on the W GB cohesion.展开更多
Several multi-scale numerical simulation experiments were carried out using the mesoscale modeling systems MM5V3.7 and WRFV2.2 for Greater Beijing to estimate the accuracy of WRF and MM5 in simulating the characterist...Several multi-scale numerical simulation experiments were carried out using the mesoscale modeling systems MM5V3.7 and WRFV2.2 for Greater Beijing to estimate the accuracy of WRF and MM5 in simulating the characteristics and variations of mesoscale local circulation in the atmospheric boundary layer of this area. We simulated the horizontal distribution and diurnal variations of temperature and wind fields near the ground and compared them with Automatic Weather System (AWS) data collected from 19 AWS stations in Beijing. Correlation and error analyses were also made. The modeling and statistical results showed that both WRF and MM5 model the temperature field near the ground significantly better than they model the wind field. The temperature field simulated by MM5 is more coincident than that of WRF with the AWS observation records, while WRF does better than MM5 in simulating the wind field, especially under the condition of gusty wind. Neither WRF nor MM5 can capture the fine structure of urban architectural complexity, which is the main error in the wind field simulation. Both models underestimate the land surface temperature at night and overestimate the temperature during the day. All the above results are supported by statistical analysis.展开更多
AUSTRIA International Atomic Energy Agency＇s（IAEA）Director General Yukiya Amano（center）attends a board of governors meeting at the headquarters of IAEA in Vienna on January 19,discussing the work of inspecting an...AUSTRIA International Atomic Energy Agency＇s（IAEA）Director General Yukiya Amano（center）attends a board of governors meeting at the headquarters of IAEA in Vienna on January 19,discussing the work of inspecting and supervising Iran＇s nuclear activityPAKISTAN Police investigate a suicide blast site at a checkpoint in Peshawar on January 19.展开更多
文摘Selecting a site for a nuclear power plant requires extensive studies to ensure its safety and stability during its operation until its decommissioning. The 4,500-year old Egyptian pyramids at Giza are buildings to learn from. This paper tries to pin down the reasons for the survival of the Giza pyramids in order to reach a criterion for choosing sites for important buildings. It argues that the site selection and the geological properties of the area, being away from seismic effects,, floods and groundwater levels, the stability of the geometric form of the pyramid, the solidity of the structural engineering and precision of execution arguably are the reasons why the Great Pyramids of Giza are the only survivors of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
文摘Holocaust memorial sites rarely tell the story of individual fates but rather give attention to the main or larger population groups that were the focus of persecution and extermination during the Nazi Germany twelve years of terror in Europe 1933-45. This essay takes a closer look at one of the most remarkable exemptions of the prevailing memory culture at Holocaust memorials： the sites and events highlighting Anne Frank and her short life in troubled times. Over the past years millions of travelers from all over the world have shown a genuine interest in learning about the life world of their young heroine thus creating what has been termed Anne Frank Tourism. In 2014, 1.2 million people visited the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam： the museum and educational center, the place in hiding where she wrote her now famous and widely read diary. Several other sites connected to the life path of Anne Frank, from her birth place in Frankfurt to the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp where her life prematurely ended, have also become part of the mostly young tourists＇ search for Anne Frank＇s life and legacy. With the rising popularity of Anne Frank related sites the management of some of the locales has become more problematic which is discussed in the context of a several museums, centers and historic sites. On a more general note, it is argued here that in recent years the more group oriented commemoration practices at Holocaust sites have given way to a trend of putting individual faces to the victims of the Holocaust. It was, in particular, novels, films and TV productions about the Holocaust that emphasized individual life paths and events and enticed visitation to more personalized sites. Steven Spielberg＇s popular movie Schindler＇s List, for example, contributed to ＂Schindler tourism＂, a form of special interest tourism in Krakow. More and more Holocaust memorial sites have also started to honor outstanding individuals or small groups in resistance and opposition to Nazi Germany. Examples of this are the fighters of the 1943 uprising at the Sobibor death camp and the courageous student members of the ＂White Rose＂ in Munich who stood up to the powers of the time and were executed. In the concluding part the question will be raised of what is the proper approach in the representation of the fate of the victims of Nazi Germany： A personalized approach or a greater focus on an explanation of the ideology and policies behind the rule of terror which may contribute to the visitors＇ better understanding of a complex history？
基金Project(2011FZ050) supported by the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department,ChinaProject(2011J084) supported by the Master Program of Yunnan Province Education Department,China
文摘Organic Rankine cycle(ORC) power plant operating with supercritical parameters supplied by low temperature slag-washing water(SWW) of blast furnace was investigated.A schematic of such installation was presented with a description of its operation and the algorithm of calculations of a supercritical power plant.Two typical organic fluids with sufficiently low critical parameters were selected as candidate working fluids in the plant to study the efficiency of the system with different organic fluids.An analysis of the influence on the effectiveness of operation of a plant was carried out.With the same temperature of slag-washing water,the specific work in turbine of fluid R143a is 45% higher than that obtained for the fluid R125,however,the specific work in pump of fluid R143a is approximate equal into that one of the fluid R125.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program (Grant No.2009GB106003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50871009)support of the Innovation Foundation of BUAA for PhD Graduates
文摘First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate energetics and site preference of carbon (C) in a tungsten (W) 5(310)/[001] grain boundary (GB). We calculate the solution energies of the C atom in the GB, which show that the interstitial C is energetically favored over the substitutional C. The segregation energy is calculated to be 3.95 eV for the energetically favorable GB interstitial site, indicating that C energetically prefers to segregate into the W GB. Based on the Rice-Wang model, our total energy calculations show that C has a significant beneficial effect on the W GB cohesion.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40875004)Urban Meteorology Scientific Research Fund Program of the Institute of Beijing Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. UMRF200702)+2 种基金Public Welfare Special Fund Program (Meteorology) of China Scientific and Technological Ministry (Grant No. GYHY200806020)National Science and Technology Sustain Program (Grant No. 2008BAC37B00)Central Public Welfare Special Fund Program for the Institute and Higher Education (Grant No. IUMKY200701)
文摘Several multi-scale numerical simulation experiments were carried out using the mesoscale modeling systems MM5V3.7 and WRFV2.2 for Greater Beijing to estimate the accuracy of WRF and MM5 in simulating the characteristics and variations of mesoscale local circulation in the atmospheric boundary layer of this area. We simulated the horizontal distribution and diurnal variations of temperature and wind fields near the ground and compared them with Automatic Weather System (AWS) data collected from 19 AWS stations in Beijing. Correlation and error analyses were also made. The modeling and statistical results showed that both WRF and MM5 model the temperature field near the ground significantly better than they model the wind field. The temperature field simulated by MM5 is more coincident than that of WRF with the AWS observation records, while WRF does better than MM5 in simulating the wind field, especially under the condition of gusty wind. Neither WRF nor MM5 can capture the fine structure of urban architectural complexity, which is the main error in the wind field simulation. Both models underestimate the land surface temperature at night and overestimate the temperature during the day. All the above results are supported by statistical analysis.
文摘AUSTRIA International Atomic Energy Agency＇s（IAEA）Director General Yukiya Amano（center）attends a board of governors meeting at the headquarters of IAEA in Vienna on January 19,discussing the work of inspecting and supervising Iran＇s nuclear activityPAKISTAN Police investigate a suicide blast site at a checkpoint in Peshawar on January 19.
