Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.

Anion competition for Li^(+)solvated coordination environments in poly(1,3 dioxolane)electrolyte to enable high-voltage lithium metal solid-state batteries

Gel-based polymer electrolytes are limited by the polarity of the residual solvent,which restricts the coupling-breaking behaviour during Li^(+)conduction,resulting in the Li^(+)transport kinetics being greatly affected.Here,we designed anion competitive gel polymer electrolyte(ACPE)by introducing lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB)anion into the 1,3-dioxolane(DOL)in situ polymerisation system.ACPE enhances the ionic dipole interaction between Li^(+)and the solvent molecules and synergizes with Li^(+)across the solvation site of the polymer ethylene oxide(EO)unit,combination that greatly improves the Li^(+)transport efficiency.As a result,ACPE exhibits 1.12 mS cm^(−1)ionic conductivity and 0.75 Li^(+)transfer number at room temperature.Additionally,this intra-polymer solvation sheath allows preferential desolvation of DFOB−,which contributes to the formation of kinetically stable anion-derived interphase and effectively mitigates side reactions.Our results demonstrate that the assembled Li||NCM622 solid-state battery exhibits lifespan of over 300 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 98.8%and capacity retention of 80.3%.This study introduces a novel approach for ion migration and interface design,paving the way for high-safety and high-energy-density batteries.

Tree allometry responses to competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations of Betula alnoides

Tree allometry plays a crucial role in tree survival,stability,and timber quantity and quality of mixed-species plantations.However,the responses of tree allometry to resource utilisation within the framework of interspecific competition and complementarity remain poorly understood.Taking into consideration strong-and weakspace competition(SC and WC),as well as N_(2)-fixing and non-N_(2)-fixing tree species(FN and nFN),a mixedspecies planting trial was conducted for Betula alnoides,a pioneer tree species,which was separately mixed with Acacia melanoxylon(SC+FN),Erythrophleum fordii(WC+FN),Eucalyptus cloeziana(SC+nFN)and Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis(WC+nFN)in southern China.Six years after planting,tree growth,total nitrogen(N)and carbon(C)contents,and the natural abundances of^(15)N and^(13)C in the leaves were measured for each species,and the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of B.alnoides were investigated under each treatment.Allometric variations and their relationships with space competition and nutrient-related factors were analyzed.The results showed a consistent effect of space competition on the height-diameter relationship of B.alnoides in mixtures with FN or nFN.The tree height growth of B.alnoides was significantly promoted under high space competition,and growth in diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height and crown size were all expedited in mixtures with FN.The symbiotic relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and B.alnoides was significantly influenced by both space competition and N_(2) fixation by the accompanying tree species,whereas such significant effects were absent for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Furthermore,high space competition significantly decreased the water use efficiency(WUE)of B.alnoides,and its N use efficiency(NUE)was much lower in the FN mixtures.Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that the stem allometry of B.alnoides was affected by its NUE and WUE via changes in its height growth,and crown allometry was influenced by the mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving tree allometric responses to above-and belowground resource competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations,which are instructive for the establishment of mixed-species plantations.

Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

Discussion on the Application of Technical and Tactical Skills in Mixed Martial Arts Competitions

This article mainly analyzes the application of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,including mixed martial arts and its competition characteristics,the main application significance of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,and its primary application strategies.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some guidelines for the appropriate application of mixed martial arts athletes’technical and tactical skills to improve their winning rate in mixed martial arts competitions.

Research on the Role of Guiding Students to Participate in Skills Competitions on the Development of Young Teachers in Vocational Colleges

This paper explores the role of guiding students to participate in skills competitions on the development of young teachers in vocational colleges.We investigate the impact of skills competitions on the consolidation of professional knowledge,development of innovation capabilities,improvement of hands-on abilities,and enhancement of communication skills with students.The results of this research demonstrate that skills competitions have a positive influence on the professional growth of young teachers.The consolidation of professional knowledge,development of innovation capabilities,improvement of hands-on abilities,and enhancement of communication skills collectively contribute to the effectiveness of young teachers in vocational colleges.It is recommended that vocational colleges prioritize and support the participation of young teachers in skills competitions to foster their professional development.

美国家庭校外活动的“鸡娃书评”史与儿童竞争资本的制造——Playing to Win: Raising Children in a Competitive Culture

自20世纪80年代起,校外活动在美国家庭生活中逐渐占据重要地位,并具备了显著的竞争性意义,这也导致中产及以上阶层父母将大量金钱和精力投入到儿童校外生活中。希拉里·弗瑞德曼的Playing to Win:Raising Children in a Competitive Culture一书深入剖析了美国中产及以上阶层家庭校外活动的历史背景、活动内容以及竞争资本的转化机制等,详细记录了家长们如何通过国际象棋、足球、舞蹈等校外竞技活动,看似在“玩”,实际上却是引导儿童内化竞争意识、积累竞争资本,揭示了美国父母“鸡娃”现象与社会竞争加剧、阶层固化之间的内在联系。这对于理解当前中国中产阶层家庭的教育选择具有重要参考价值。

Teaching Design and Implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology Course Based on Teaching Ability Competition

The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years.The competition focuses on evaluating teachers’capabilities in designing and implementing lessons,encouraging the exchange of new educational ideas and high-quality teaching methods.Reforming the teaching of Electrical and Electronic Technology courses based on insights from teaching competitions can significantly improve teaching quality.This paper explores the teaching design and implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology course,drawing on the principles of teaching ability competitions.First,it analyzes the existing problems in teaching this course.Then,it highlights the significant benefits that teaching competitions bring to the course.Based on these insights,the paper proposes practical strategies aimed at enhancing students’interest and practical skills,thereby promoting innovative developments in teaching Electrical and Electronic Technology.

Discussion on the Integration of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”:Taking the Internet of Things Application Technology Courses in Higher Vocational Colleges as an Example

This article explores the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)application technology course in higher vocational colleges under the background of“post,course,competition,certificate.”It first emphasizes the importance of IoT talent training and course construction in higher vocational colleges and deeply analyzes the core concept of“post,course,competition,certificate”integration.In view of the problems faced in the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges and the practical experience of Tianjin Vocational College of Mechanics and Electricity,the implementation strategy of the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges is elaborated in detail based on the integrated concept of“post,course,competition,certificate.”

The Model of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”Integrated Education for Electronic Information Engineering Technology Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

The core education function of higher vocational colleges is to train technical talents with high quality,so as to meet the needs of talents in the development stage of our society.Under the guidance of talent training,higher vocational colleges need to pay attention to establishing an all-round and three-dimensional education model,and promote innovation of higher vocational education on the basis of this.It is also a way to promote the innovation of higher vocational education to vigorously promote the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode in the construction of education mode.Through the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode,the education mode of higher vocational colleges is gradually improved,so as to strengthen the effectiveness of talent training in higher vocational colleges.Therefore,in this paper,the author puts forward some suggestions to promote the construction of the integrated education mode of the electronic information engineering technology major in higher vocational colleges,so as to help improve the talent training level of higher vocational colleges.

Effects of Interspecific Competition on the Population Dynamics of Four Stored Grain Insect Pests

The effects of interspecific competition on the population dynamics of four insect grain Insecp pests （ Sitophilus zeamais, Rhizopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus ） was studied at 30℃, 75% relative humidity. A regression analysis of the population dynamics was conducted. The results showed that population growth of S. zeamais , R. dominica, T. castaneum and C. ferrugineus was restrained under mixed rearing. Population growth of T. castaneum and C. ferrugineus was remarkably accelerated when they coexisted with S. zeamais or R. dominica, while that of S. zeamais and R. dominica was restrained to some extent. Regression analysis results showed that the population growth potential of S. zeamais was the largest and that of C. ferrugineus was the smallest, and the changing trends of population growth rates were not distinct.

Test of Resource Competition Theory Between Microalga and Macroalga Under Phosphate Limitation

Short_term batch cultures were used to measure the phosphate_dependent growth kinetics for a marine microalga, Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen, and a marine macroalga, Ulva pertusa Kjellm. Results were fitted to the Monod model. U. pertusa had a lower half_saturation constant and maximum growth rate, which were 0.016 μmol/L and 0.16 d -1 respectively, while the growth kinetics of T. subcordiformis were 0.021 μmol/L and 0.83 d -1 . Long_term semicontinuous nutrient competition experiments were performed between T. subcordiformis and U. pertusa under phosphate limitation in laboratory. Loss rates were manipulated to get the same or different resource requirement values ( R * ) of the two species. Comparison between the theoretical predictions derived from Monod kinetics and the outcome of competition experiments indicated that the Monod model could predict the results only when the R * values of the two species were significantly different, and T. subcordiformis displaced U. pertusa when they had the same resource requirements. The Monod model can only partly predict the competition results between microalga and macroalga.

Growth and Competition of Fourteen Herb Species in Experimental Microcoenosiums

Growth and competition of 14 herb species were investigated in the experimental microcoenosiums in laboratory under the following environmental factors and treatment levels: high and low fertility, clipping and un-clipping, and with and without microbial infusion. The most intense competition and the biggest difference in biomass among the species were detected in the high fertility microcoenosiums subjected to no clipping disturbance. Clippings or low fertility reduced the growth of the competitors and resulted in more even biomass distribution among the species. Successive clippings reduced the total accumulative biomass of the microcoenosiums. Microbial infusion significantly increased the growth of legume species Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium pratense L. The growth of Alopecurus pratensis L. was also raised by microbial infusion, whereas Dactylis glomerata L. had more biomass in without-microbial-infusion microcoenosiums than in microbial infusion ones. Most of the 14 species were not obviously affected. The positive effect of microbial infusion was more marked in the low fertility microcoenosiums.

几类本原有向图Scrambling指数极图的广义Competition指数

设D为n阶本原有向图,对于D中的每一对顶点x,y,存在正整数m,1≤m≤n,在D中总能找到m个不同的顶点v1,v2,…,vm,使得x和y到vi(1≤i≤m)都存在k长的途径,上述k中的最小者称为D的广义Competition指数(m-Competition指数).广义Competition指数是本原指数和Scrambling指数的推广.采用图论与组合矩阵论的方法,对几类本原有向图Scrambling指数极图的广义Competition指数进行研究,给出了这几类极图的广义Competition指数.

大国竞争背景下新质生产力形成的理论逻辑与实现路径

新质生产力是习近平总书记基于大国竞争背景下我国发展阶段、发展环境、发展条件变化,作出的具有根本性、全局性、长远性的重大战略判断。在新一代信息技术加速突破应用、先进制造技术加速产业转型的新发展阶段,形成新质生产力既是构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的必然要求,也是我国建设现代化经济体系的关键动能,关系我国在未来发展和国际竞争中赢得战略主动。新质生产力的内涵是以引领国际经济体系变革、重塑现代化产业体系、提升企业核心竞争力为目的,从传统生产力向新质生产力的演化升级应该包含国际竞争、国家优势和企业发展三个层面整个生产范式的转变。文章以马克思主义政治经济学、习近平经济思想、习近平生态文明思想为理论支撑,提出“新质生产力”的理论构建包括三个维度:一是微观载体——打造世界一流企业;二是中观治理——提升国际竞争优势;三是宏观发展——构建人类命运共同体。文章将新质生产力形成的理论逻辑和实践路径融入中国当前的发展战略中,从转变企业发展范式、重塑现代化产业体系和建设新的全球治理体系三个方面提出形成新质生产力的改革路径,三条路径相辅相成、协同发力,共同为新质生产力的形成注入活力,使得生产力发展更好地服务于中国高质量发展的战略定位。

优化营商环境背景下我国公平竞争制度建设的基本框架

在我国营造市场化、法治化和国际化一流营商环境的过程中,公平竞争是其内在要求和核心内容,这就需要公平竞争制度或者竞争政策予以确认和保障。在我国公平竞争制度建设中,强化竞争政策基础地位是顶层设计,落实公平竞争审查制度是关键环节,加强反垄断反不正当竞争是基础保障,引导和激励企业反垄断合规是必要举措。这些方面构成了进一步优化营商环境背景下我国公平竞争制度建设的基本框架。

Study upon the Spatial Structure of Regional Eco-tourism-Based upon the Perspective of Supply and Demand and Competition Field

Along with the coming of the low-carbon era, people have paid more and more attention to the natural environment and eco-tourism will embrace a huge development. From the perspectives of the market relationship of supply-demand in economics and of field competition in physics, this paper has discussed upon the present status of the spatial structure of eco-tourism, and analyzed the relationship between supply-demand and field, in order to clarify the direction for the balance between supply and demand in the field and to guide eco-tourism to the way of sustainable development.

面向国家战略的产业竞争情报场景化智慧服务模式研究

通过对面向国家战略的产业竞争情报智慧服务进行场景化、细粒度描述,构建产业竞争情报场景化智慧服务模式,以赋能复杂环境下产业高质量发展。首先,梳理国内外关于“场景化服务、产业竞争情报服务模式、智慧情报与情报智能服务”等相关研究,提出“产业竞争情报场景化智慧服务”的概念内涵;其次,沿着“战略引领与需求牵引—场景解构与细粒度刻画—平行系统与虚实交互—范式转变与服务升维”的研究逻辑,融合场景理论、平行智能思想,构建产业竞争情报场景化智慧服务模式;最后,以新能源汽车产业进行实证研究,为该行业竞争情报服务融慧进阶提出有效路径。本文提出了产业数字化升级、产业核心技术攻关、产业应急协同处突、新产业新业态培育四大情报服务场景,基于产业情报场景描述五元组,从服务内容、服务主体、服务客体、服务工具/手段、服务能力维度对其进行全景式描绘,构建了面向国家战略的产业竞争情报场景化智慧服务模式,并以新能源汽车产业为例,验证了本文模式的可行性与有效性。

企业数字化转型与产品市场竞争地位

数字经济促进企业生态系统的构建,大数据为企业开展多元化经营、获取和沉淀客户资源赋能,研究企业数字商业模式的形成和扩大如何影响公司在产品市场中的竞争地位已成为深入了解企业数字化转型的重要议题。受资源积累和动态能力的影响,企业数字化转型提高产品市场竞争地位主要是通过增强企业创新能力和扩大企业客户网络影响来实现。当企业的融资约束较大、管理层权力较小和所在地区的文化更加强调业绩或未来导向时,上述结果更加显著。进一步的研究发现,企业数字化转型将提高公司采用差异化竞争战略的概率,降低公司采用成本领先战略的倾向,补充证明了数字技术驱动产品市场竞争力提升主要表现为企业销售优势的重构和增强。

ESG责任履行利于企业核心竞争力提升吗?

核心竞争力提升是增强中国企业全球竞争力的重要抓手。基于2009—2022年中国沪深两市A股上市公司的数据,本文从理论和实证方面探讨环境、社会和治理(ESG)责任履行对企业核心竞争力的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明,ESG责任履行能够促进企业核心竞争力提升,主要通过融资约束缓解效应、研发投入增强效应和人力资本提高效应三种机制产生影响。拓展研究发现,ESG责任履行有助于增强企业绿色核心竞争力。为此,政府需要引导企业深化ESG责任履行,疏通ESG责任履行提升核心竞争力的渠道,推动ESG责任履行与政府环境规制共同促进企业绿色转型。