基于旅游竞争力效度的中国省级旅游区旅游发展态研究

旅游竞争力的研究受到越来越多的关注,它对区域旅游发展的作用不可忽视,然而单纯的竞争力研究主要是基于过往年份的数据,测定未来可能的竞争力大小及强弱,缺乏旅游发展实践的反证。为此,本文在旅游竞争力研究思想和已有成果的基础上,引入旅游竞争力效度的概念,建立评价模型,考量区域旅游竞争力实际发挥作用的程度。在此基础上,用旅游竞争力和竞争力效度双维指标测定特定旅游区旅游发展态。通过对中国31个省级旅游区发展态的测定得出相应的分析和评价发现,中国各旅游区发展态的地区不均衡性非常突出,9大明星旅游区中只有四川旅游区地处西部,其余的均为东部的旅游区,而西部其他11个旅游区不是处于瘦狗旅游区就是处于问题旅游区,这就要求对旅游发展的区域平衡问题给以充分重视,特别是要重视处于问题旅游区的陕西、云南、广西和重庆4个旅游区的发展,充分发挥他们的旅游竞争力优势,使它们力争发展成为明星旅游区。

我国旅游资源竞争力综合评价及其开发类型研究

为分析我国旅游资源竞争力大小及其开发利用程度,首先构建旅游资源竞争力综合评价模型及效度模型,并建立基于两者的坐标矩阵,双向测度我国区域旅游资源发展态,划分四大类型旅游资源开发区:(1)成熟型旅游资源开发区,包括江苏、北京、辽宁、浙江、山东和河南;(2)成长型旅游资源开发区,包括上海、湖北、湖南、广东和四川;(3)发展型旅游资源开发区,包括山西、安徽、福建和江西;(4)限制型旅游资源开发区,包括天津、河北、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江等16个地区。根据不同的旅游资源开发区类型,针对东部、西部、中部和东北部地区,制定区域旅游资源协调发展战略。

省域旅游资源竞争力的区际比较及开发类型研究

选取16种品牌旅游资源,按照各自特征将其分为综合、自然和人文三大类,以浙江省11个地级市为研究对象,通过政府网站和各地市旅游统计公报收集数据资料,再基于各市品牌旅游资源的绝对数量、相对人均密度和地均密度3个指标,运用位序得分法对浙江省的旅游资源竞争力进行评价分析,判断出浙江各市的旅游资源竞争力等级情况。之后根据资源竞争力效度模型,将浙江省域旅游资源划分为四大开发类型,并针对四种不同的类型制定出浙江各市相应的旅游发展战略。

晋陕豫黄河金三角地区文化旅游资源竞争力分析

分析晋陕豫黄河金三角地区文化旅游资源竞争力大小以及资源有效利用程度,首先对晋陕豫黄河金三角四市文化旅游资源的绝对数量、人均密度和地均密度进行排序,运用位序得分法计算出其竞争力从大到小依次为:渭南市、运城市、三门峡市、临汾市;其次建立文化旅游资源竞争力模型及效度模型,分析其有效利用程度,得出临汾市和三门峡市文化旅游资源得到有效利用,运城市和渭南市未能得到有效开发;最后研究其开发类型,得出临汾市和三门峡市属于成长型文化旅游资源开发区,运城市和渭南市属于发展型文化旅游资源开发区,并针对各市情况提出不同发展建议。

Ecophysiological responses of two poplar species to intraspecific and interspecific competition under different nitrogen levels

Aims Populus deltoides and P.euramericana are widely used in China as major forestry species.At present,little is known about their responses to nitrogen(N)deficiency when grown in monocultures or mixed plantations.The aim of this investigation was to analyze the growth,and morphological and physiological responses of P.deltoides and P.euramericana to different N levels under competition conditions.Methods We employed two Populus species(P.deltoides and P.euramericana)to discover how N deficiency affects plant traits under different competition types(P.deltoides×P.deltoides,intraspecific competition;P.euramericana×P.euramericana,intraspecific competition;P.deltoides×P.euramericana,interspecific competition).Potted seedlings were exposed to two N levels(normal N,N deficiency),and nitrogen-and competition-driven differences in growth,morphology and physiology were examined.Important Findings Under normal N conditions,interspecific competition significantly decreased the total root weight,root mass fraction(RMF),root–shoot ratio(R/S)and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N),and increased the leaf dry weight,leaf mass fraction and total leaf area of P.euramericana compared with intraspecific competition.The same conditions significantly affected the growth and morphological variables of P.deltoides,except for the dry weight of fine roots,R/S,specific leaf area,RMF,total nitrogen content and C/N compared with intraspecific competition.In addition,chlorophyll a(Chla),total chlorophyll(Tchl),carotenoid contents(Caro)and the carbon isotope composition(δ13C)of P.deltoides were significantly lower in interspecific competition than in intraspecific competition,but no difference was detected in P.euramericana.The effects of N deficiency on P.deltoides under intraspecific competition were stronger than under interspecific competition.In contrast,the effects of N deficiency on P.euramericana between intraspecific and interspecific competition were not significantly different.These results suggest that under normal N condition,P.deltoides is expected to gain an advantage in monocultures rather than in mixtures with P.euramericana.Under N deficiency,the growth performance of P.euramericana was more stable than that of P.deltoides under both cultivation modes.