高、低煤阶CO_2与CH_4竞争吸附解吸置换效果分析

基于山西沁水盆地柿庄北煤层气勘探开发资料以及新疆硫磺沟煤矿地质资料,采用U.S.A TerraTek IS-100等温吸附解吸仪开展了CH_4、CO_2单组分吸附解吸试验以及CO_2、CH_4混合气体竞争吸附解吸试验研究,分析了高、低煤阶煤对CH_4、CO_2单组分气体吸附解吸规律以及CO_2、CH_4混合气体竞争吸附解吸特性。结果表明:山西沁水高煤阶煤样吸附能力强于新疆硫磺沟低煤阶煤样,高煤阶煤样对CH_4、CO_2气体的吸附解吸曲线具有可逆性,低煤阶煤样对CO_2气体的解吸曲线具有明显的滞后现象;混合气体竞争吸附解吸过程中,高煤阶煤样中CO_2、CH_4吸附浓度及吸附量变化较大,高煤阶煤样CH_4对CO_2的分离因子强于低煤阶煤,高煤阶煤样竞争解吸效果明显,因此高煤阶煤更利于CO_2置换CH_4,且低压置换效果更好;低煤阶煤样中CO_2、CH_4吸附浓度及吸附量变化不大,竞争吸附解吸效果不明显,置换效果较差,说明高煤阶煤更适合通过注CO_2置换CH_4来提高煤层气的采收率。

老冲积黄壤微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)与P竞争吸附—解吸特性

土壤微团聚体是土壤的最基本结构单元,不同粒径微团聚体的理化性质的差异不同使得重金属离子在各粒径微团聚体中的吸附—解吸能力大小不同。以名山河流域老冲积黄壤为研究对象,将其划分为4个粒径（2~0.25mm,0.25~0.053mm,0.053~0.002mm,〈0.002mm）。采用批培养法研究原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As（Ⅴ）与P的竞争吸附—解吸特性。结果表明：原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As（Ⅴ）、P的吸附—解吸特性相似,等温吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,但Langmuir方程拟合效果最佳;动力学吸附均符合伪一级方程和伪二级方程,但伪二级方程拟合效果更好。原土及各粒径微团聚体对As（Ⅴ）、P的吸附均以专性吸附为主,非专性吸附为辅。原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As（Ⅴ）、P的最大吸附量不仅与粒径大小有关,与土壤有机质、CEC、游离氧化铁含量呈正相关。由于〈0.002mm粒径的土壤比表面积大,有机质、CEC、游离氧化铁含量高,故其对As（Ⅴ）、P有最大吸附能力和最高初始吸附速率。As（Ⅴ）、P在各粒径微团聚体上解吸量与其吸附量呈指数关系。当As（Ⅴ）与P共存时,明显互相抑制对方的吸附,促进对方的解吸。As（Ⅴ）与P在〈0.002mm粒径土壤中存在的竞争吸附—解吸能力最小。

Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead in Typical Paddy Soils of Jiangxi Province and Its Environmental Risk Assessment

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium and lead in typical paddy soils of Jiangxi Province. [Method] Gleyed paddy soil and waterloggogenic paddy soil were collected from Jiangxi Province and used as experimental materials to investigate single and com- petitive adsorption and desorption behaviors of cadmium and lead by batch equilib- rium method. The environmental risk of the presence of cadmium and lead in paddy soils was assessed using distribution coefficients. [Result] Under equal ratio condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of lead by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of cadmium, and the adsorption rate in waterloggogenic paddy soil was higher than that in gleyed paddy soil. The desorption capacity of cadmium by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of lead, and the desorption rate in gleyed paddy soil was higher than that in waterloggogenic paddy soil. Under competitive condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of cadmium and lead by paddy soils was significantly reduced compared with single ion system, while the desorption rate was remarkably improved. The potential environmental risk of cadmium contamination was greater than that of lead in paddy soils. Moreover, environmental risks of cadmium and lead were reduced with the increase of pH, which increased significantly under the coex- istence state. [Conclusion] In the coexistence of cadmium and lead, cadmium con- tamination should be controlled and avoided compared with lead contamination in paddy soils.

Adsorption and desorption behaviors of ssDNA molecules on mica surface by surface forces apparatus

An approach for studying the adsorption and desorption behaviors of single-stranded DNA（ ssDNA） molecules on the mica surface by the surface forces apparatus（ SFA） is reported,which can be used to characterize the precise thickness,configuration and mechanical properties of ssDNA layers on the mica surface at a certain buffer solution. The formation of ss DNA layers is first studied by tuning the ssDNA concentrations, and the experimental results indicate that the ss DNA concentration of 100 ng / μL is ideal for forming a ssDNA monolayer structure on the mica surface, and the hardwall value measured to be 1.04 nm under this circumstance is regarded as the thickness of the ssDNA monolayer confined on mica. The desorption behavior of ssDNA molecules from the mica surface is further studied by observing and comparing different shapes of the force-distance curves under certain conditions. It is found that the desorption of ss DNA molecules from the mica surface occurs as the monovalent salts are added into the gap buffer. It is inferred that the competition effect between monovalent and divalent salts can induce the release of ssDNA from substrate.The results also reveal that 10 mmol / L monovalent salts（ Na~＋）is sufficient for the desorption of ssDNA from mica. This work provides an applicable method to study the binding mechanism of ss DNA molecules on inorganic substrates.

Research of Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cu and Pb in Typical Paddy Soils in Jiangxi Province

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cu and Pb in typical paddy soils in Jiangxi Province. [Method] Two kinds of typical paddy soils （Gley type, Waterloggogenic type） in Jiangxi Province were chosen as test materials. The single and competitive adsorption behaviors of Cu and Pb in paddy soils were investigated with batch equilibrium method, and the environmental risk under coexistence of Cu and Pb in these soils was estimated with distribution coefficient. The results showed that under equal proportion, the adsorption affinity of Pb was greater than that of Cu in the two paddy soils, and the adsorption capacities in waterloggogenic paddy soil （WPS） were significantly higher than those in gley paddy soil （GTPS）, but the desorption capacities of Cu were greater than those of Pb in the two paddy soils, and the desorption capacities in GTPS were significantly higher than those in the WPS. The adsorption capacities of Cu and Pb ions under competitive condition were obviously lower than those in single system, while the desorption rates significantly increased. The potential environmental risk of Cu pollution was greater than that of Pb in paddy soils, and their environmental risk decreased with the increase of pH, but increased significantly under coexistence of lead and copper. [Conclusion] This research suggests that when Cu and Pb ions coexist in the paddy soils, compared with lead pollution, we should pay attention to the pollution of Cu.

Determination of Competitive Adsorption and Desorption of Heavy Metals by Isotherm and Sequential Extraction Methods in Different Soil Orders in Erzurum Plain

The objective of this study was to DTPA （complexion agent） and a sequential extraction procedure, and adsorption-desorption isotherm （competitive） evaluate the mobility and distribution of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb using the in surface samples of five soil great groups differing in their physicochemical properties. For determining heavy metal adsorption and desorption capacities of soil samples, six different concentrations （0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Lt） were used in a laboratory experiment with tree replications. An analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extractions has been used for partitioning of heavy metals into five fractions. Sorption isotherms were characterized using linear, Frendlich and Langmuir equations. The results indicated that the selective sequences of the metal adsorption based on the distribution coefficient was Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Cd〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe and Pb, Cu, and Ni are the most strongly sorbed metals by these soils, whereas Cd, Zn and Mn are the least sorbed ones. The total adsorbed amount of these metals on the studied soils was well described by Langmuir equation. Calciorthid had the highset Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Fe adsorption, and the sequences followed order Fluvaquent〉Argiustoll〉Pellustert〉Haplustept of the studied soil.