多相竞争形核对相结构和过冷度的依赖性

采用经典形核理论与负熵模型相结合,研究了多相竞争形核对竞争相的结构和过冷度的依赖性。通过对Fe70Co30合金熔体中的两个竞争相b c c相和f c c相的界面能、体积自由能差和临界形核功的计算,并结合已有的试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,存在两相或多相竞争形核的金属熔体中存在着一个临界温度Tc。当熔体温度T>Tc时,稳定相将优先形核;而当熔体温度T<Tc时,亚稳相将优先形核。

过冷合金熔体非平衡凝固过程形核方式的竞争

形核是凝固过程的重要阶段.由经典形核理论及其最新进展可知,对应不同的凝固条件,合金熔体中可能出现三种形核方式,即连续形核、位置饱和及自由生长.着眼于过冷合金熔体非平衡凝固中形核方式的竞争,包括连续形核与非热形核(位置饱和与自由生长)的竞争、单点形核与多点形核的竞争、均质形核与异质形核间的竞争,对不同合金系的形核方式进行了讨论.通过相关实验结果及分析证实了上述竞争的存在,进而提出了一些确定形核机制的判据.

过冷Cu-40%Pb合金熔体的相选择与偏晶胞形成机制

采用循环过热与玻璃熔融净化相结合,铜模快淬法制备了不同过冷度的Cu-40%Pb过偏晶合金,结合能谱分析及相关理论,对液相分离初期合金熔体形核竞争进行了研究。结果表明,富Cu的L1相作为优先相首先从合金熔体中液相形核,这是Cu-Pb过偏晶合金熔体在后续凝固过程中的偏晶胞的来源。

竞争型无线传感器网络MAC层协议性能分析与优化

无线传感器节点对电池能量的依赖性很强,用最少的能量完成网络通信是无线传感器网络的研究重点。竞争型无线传感器网络MAC协议(如S-MAC)主要通过牺牲吞吐量和时延来节省能量。文章提出了一种全新的无线传感器MAC协议——BS-MAC。BS-MAC在S-MAC休眠/侦听制的基础上实现了数据的双向传输,提高了系统性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,BS-MAC在维持合理的能量损耗的前提下,可以增加系统吞吐量,降低时延,性能优于S-MAC。

深过冷Fe-Co合金的凝固规律

采用熔融玻璃净化法研究了深过冷Fe-Co合金的凝固组织演化规律．结果表明,随着熔体过冷度的增加,Fe100-x- Cox(x=10-40)中除x=10的合金外,合金凝固组织都经历了两次晶粒细化过程;而当过冷度大于某一临界过冷度时,凝固组织不再是单相,而是出现了亚稳相．除了小过冷度下的组织转变以外,凝固组织转变过冷度以及亚稳相形成的临界过冷度随着Co含量的增加而增大．运用B-C-T模型和瞬态形核理论对凝固组织的演化规律进行了理论分析．

深过冷对LaFe_(11.7)Si_(1.3)合金凝固组织和相结构的影响

采用3 m落管法研究了LaFe11.7S i1.3合金的无容器凝固深过冷行为,应用SEM和EDS分析了合金的组织结构和相组成。结果表明:液滴的凝固机制很大程度上取决于液滴的大小,对于直径≥270μm的液滴,由于经过了不完全的包晶反应,导致合金相中含有大量的α-Fe相;当液滴直径为250μm时,单一的NaZn13型La(Fe,S i)13(简称:1∶13)相直接由过冷液相形成。利用经典形核理论对深过冷熔体的竞争形核机制进行了分析。

Effects of competitive interactions of different life forms submersed plants on biomass allocation in shallow lakes

Plant competition has been recognized as one of the most important factors influencing the soructure and function of lake ecosystems. Competition from plants of dissimilar growth form may have profound effects on shallow lakes＇. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of competitive interactions of submersed plants with dis- similar growth forms on the biomass allocations. Hydrilla verticitlata and Vallisneria natans were selected and were planted in a single-species monoculture and a mixed-species pattern, Results showed that the growth of E natans was＇ significantly affected by the tt, verticillata and caused a sharp reduction of biomass, but the root：shoot ratio of E ha- tans was not affected significantly and there was a minimal increase in mixture： while for H. verticillata, the biomass and the root：shoot ratio were not significantly changed by the competitive interactions ore natans, there was minimal increase of biomass and minimal decrease of the root：shoot ratio. These results may indicate that theplant which can develop a dense mat or canopy at the water surface would be a stronger competitor relative to the plant that depends more on light availability near the sediment.

Managing Corporate Reputation in Times of Global Changes and Turbulence——A Strategy for Competitiveness

In times of global changes and turbulence like ours, more than anything, firms need some pillars of stability. By this paper we would like to develop a comprehensive and adaptive managerial approach of corporate reputation. This is based on the premise that intangible assets （in general） and corporate reputation （in particular） are more and more recognized and managed as sources of （unique） sustainable competitive advantages and as core determinants of firm competitiveness, which are relatively hard to build and very easy to loose.

Cultivation Research on Entrepreneurial Competence of Vocational College Students Based on Entrepreneurship

The market competition is more and more complicated and the employment situation is more severe, which makes innovation and entrepreneurship ability become the way of survival of university students. How to cultivate entrepreneurial competence for colleges and universities is worth of caring and considering. The paper researches the cultivation of entrepreneurial competence of vocational college students and proposes the opinions to improve the entrepreneurial competence of Vocational college students.

Quantum mechanic study on cyclic molecul formation from ethynyl radical （C2H） and ethyne （C2H2）

The first cyclic molecule formation reactions from ethyne （C2H2）, initiated by ethynyl radical （C2H）, were studied by theoretical quantum mechanic. The study included the competition reaction between structure re-arrangement for the favourable ring-closure mechanism and ethyne addition in each step. The analysis was done by evaluating the energy difference of activation （AE）, entalphy （AH）, Gibbs （AG） of the optimized stable and transition molecules. The reaction temperatures were set at normal （T = 298 K） and combustion （T = 1200 K） condition.

Study On Career Planning and Employment Guidance of the College Students

The employment situation of college students become increasingly serious, the society demands for profound knowledge, skills and comprehensive qualities of college students grow more and more strict. In order to successfully get employed, the college students not only need to do their college career planning in college, but also to master all kinds of skills which are useful while looking for a job. It is serviceable to improve employment competitiveness of the college students, and to take the first step to society.

The Brand ＂Made in China＂ as a Part of the Growth of the China＇s Competitive Advantage

In the eyes of consumers, each product has some kind of origin （its country, region, and continent）. The image of the place of origin influences the assessment of products and brands （brand image） they come from. Traditionally, consumers extrapolate the characteristics of the country and its inhabitants on the characteristics of the product. Chinese products are very common and they can be purchased almost anywhere. The consumer does not have to take any special efforts to acquire products ＂made in China＂. Many of these products do not have specific characteristics that allow them to be considered as the unique. Products, whose names indicate the place of origin, are witnessing an increasing popularity. In the case of products ＂made in China＂, the matter is different. Often, consumers do not admit that they purchase goods produced in China. Research on consumer behaviour in the market of chines products, conducted among Polish citizens, indicated that these products are readily bought. This article presents the results of the research on consumers＇ attitudes towards regional ＂made in China＂ which was conducted in April 2015 among Polish citizens. Furthermore, the article will include the comparison of attitudes towards Chinese products between consumers from Poland and other European countries.

Chartering Strategy in Liner Shipping Companies

In recent years, the world economic situation and container shipping industry has been fluctuated drastically, which has complicated the liner shipping companies＇ operation. The conventional issue of overcapacity due to the ＂equipment battle＂, and the destructive competition have further stimulated the operating intricacy within the container sector. That would be interesting to explore the chartering strategies of CMA CGM （Compagnie Maritime d＇Affretement Compagnie Generale Maritime） in such a volatile market as any capacity adjustment dictates a line＇s profit line. Nevertheless, the usefulness of ship chartering is not only confined to the operational level but also the strategic level. Throughout the analysis of CMA CGM＇s fleet trend, fleet deployment as well as chartering activities, it can illustrate the above concepts and observe a little bit further about the strategic movement of CMA CGM.

Mass Customization Shaping the Design of Interior

Mass customization is the new frontier in business competition for both manufacturing and service industries. Fundamental changes in markets have occurred in the past 20 years. What were once sellers＇ markets have become buyers＇ markets, The demand became unstable and hard to predict. Homogeneous markets became heterogeneous, which meant a necessity to produce specific products for smaller groups of buyers who demand higher-quality goods that more closely match their individual desires. The author believes that social and economic changes will eventually lead to essential modification of home design. Interior items will become more functional and able to keep up with the personal rhyme of life. This research has shown that requirements both to style and function became very specific and individual. The author believes that future furniture will become rather transforming system than a number of furniture pieces.

快速凝固Fe-Co合金中的亚稳相

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法,研究了Fe-Co合金在深过冷快速凝固中的亚稳相。结果表明,当熔体的过冷度达到某一临界数值(△T_(crit))时,亚稳相(b.c.c)在竞争形核中优先形核生长,并在随后的冷却过程中保留在凝固组织中。在γ单相区内等温退火3 h后,亚稳相完全转变为稳定相;在过冷Fe-Co合金的凝固组织中亚稳相是"竞争形核-重熔-γ相外延生长-不完全固态相变"的产物。

论公共关系视角下设计师服装品牌的发展之路

随着全球化与区域化大肆蔓延的时尚步伐,普通纺织服装产品已经不能满足人类日益增长的文化精神需求,设计师品牌应运而生。我国拥有众多设计师品牌,却没能进军国际舞台一展宏图,品牌发展的路途中问题重重。

Competition between collective oblate rotation and non-collective prolate K isomerism in neutron-rich tungsten isotopes

Recent experiments open up the possibility to investigate oblate rotation-aligned states and prolate high-K isomers in neutron-rich tungsten isotopes.In the present work,we perform the projected-shell-model calculations for A ～ 190 tungsten nuclei.The 190 W results are compared with experimental data.The observed 8 + isomer is assigned as a two-quasiproton K π = 8 + configuration.Low-lying high-K four-quasiparticle states are predicted.Of particular interest is the prediction of the K π = 20 + state in 190,192 W,which may form a long-lived spin trap.In competition with the prolate high-K states,rotational alignment leads to near-yrast collective oblate rotation.

How does male-male competition generate negative frequency-dependent selection and disruptive selection during speciation？

Natural selection has been shown to drive population differentiation and speciation. The role of sexual selection in this process is controversial; however, most of the work has centered on mate choice while the role of male-male competition in speciation is relatively understudied. Here, we outline how male-male competition can be a source of diversifying selection on male competitive phenotypes, and how this can contribute to the evolution of reproductive isolation. We highlight how negative frequency-dependent selection （advantage of rare phenotype arising from stronger male-male competition between similar male phenotypes compared with dissimilar male pheno- types） and disruptive selection （advantage of extreme phenotypes） drives the evolution of diversity in competitive traits such as weapon size, nuptial coloration, or aggressiveness. We underscore that male-male competition interacts with other life-history functions and that variable male com- petitive phenotypes may represent alternative adaptive options. In addition to competition for mates, aggressive interference competition for ecological resources can exert selection on compet- itor signals. We call for a better integration of male-male competition with ecological interference competition since both can influence the process of speciation via comparable but distinct mecha- nisms. Altogether, we present a more comprehensive framework for studying the role of male-male competition in speciation, and emphasize the need for better integration of insights gained from other fields studying the evolutionary, behavioral, and physiological consequences of agonistic interactions.

The role of male contest competition over mates in speciation

Research on the role of sexual selection in the speciation process largely focuses on the diversifying role of mate choice. In particular, much attention has been drawn to the fact that population divergence in mate choice and in the male traits subject to choice directly can lead to assortative mating. However, male contest competition over mates also constitutes an important mechanism of sexual selection. We review recent empirical studies and argue that sexual selection through male contest competition can affect speciation in ways other than mate choice. For example, biases in aggression towards similar competitors can lead to disruptive and negative frequency-dependent selection on the traits used in contest competition in a similar way as competition for other types of limited resources. Moreover, male contest abilities often trade-off against other abilities such as parasite resistance, protection against predators and general stress tolerance. Populations experiencing different ecological condi- tions should therefore quickly diverge non-randomly in a number of traits including male contest abilities. In resource based breeding systems, a feedback loop between competitive ability and habitat use may lead to further population divergence. We discuss how population divergence in traits used in male contest competition can lead to the build up of reproductive isolation through a number of different pathways. Our main conclusion is that the role of male contest competition in speciation remains largely scientifically unexplored [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 493-509, 2012].

Competition of the multiple Grtler modes in hypersonic boundary layer flows

Competition of multiple Gortler modes in hypersonic boundary layer flows are investigated with the local and marching methods. The wall-layer mode （mode W） and the trapped-layer mode （mode T） both occur in the compressible boundary layer where there exists a temperature adjustment layer near the upper edge. The mode T has the largest growth rate at a lower Gortler number while the mode W dominates at larger G/Srtler numbers. These two modes are both responsible for the flow transition in the hypersonic flows especially when Gortler number is in the high value range in which the crossover of these two modes takes place. Such high Gortler numbers are virtually far beyond the neutral regime. The nonparallel base flows, therefore, cease to influence the stability behavior of the Gortler modes. The effects of the Mach number on the multiple Gortler modes are studied within a chosen Mach number of 0.95, 2, 4 and 6. When the flow Mach number is sufficiently large, e.g., Ma ≥4, the growth rate crossover of the mode T and mode W occurs both in the conventional G-β map as well as on the route downstream for a fixed wavelength disturbance. Four particular regions （Region T, T-W, W-T and W） around the crossover point are highlighted with the marching analysis and the result matches that of the local analysis. The initial disturbance of a normal mode maintains the shape in its corresponding dominating region while a shape-transformation occurs outside this region.