动物肠道中存在着一些参与猪肠道微生物互作的基因,这些基因具有一定的宿主特异性,利用其设计分子标记能准确识别粪便污染来源。该文共采集6个物种(猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅)的145个粪便样品,提取其DNA后利用竞争性杂交的基因片段富集方...动物肠道中存在着一些参与猪肠道微生物互作的基因,这些基因具有一定的宿主特异性,利用其设计分子标记能准确识别粪便污染来源。该文共采集6个物种(猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅)的145个粪便样品,提取其DNA后利用竞争性杂交的基因片段富集方法(genome fragment enrichment,GFE),靶向筛选参与猪肠道微生物互作的特异性基因。经BLASTX分析发现,82%的猪特异性非冗余DNA片段存在相似序列,以拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)(43.2%)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)(19.5%)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)(8.6%)相似序列为主。从蛋白质功能方面分析,61.5%的非冗余序列功能明确,有7.6%的序列与信息贮存及加工有关,12.8%的序列与细胞加工及信息传导有关,22%的序列与代谢有关,其中,碳水化合物和氨基酸的转移代谢相关序列含量最为丰富,均占总特异性序列的6.3%。研究发现,能够编码拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)和梭菌纲(Clostridials)等表面蛋白、膜分泌蛋白及碳水化合物代谢蛋白的相关基因可作为猪特异性分子标记筛选的靶点。展开更多
Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gainin...Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which male-male compe- tition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. What is relatively unexplored is the interaction between female choice and male competition, as they can oppose one another or align with similar outcomes for reproductive isolation. The role of female-female competition in hybridization is also not well understood, but could operate similarly to male-male competition in polyandrous and other systems where costs to heterospecific mating are low for females. Reproductive competition between either sex of sympatric species can cause the divergence and/or convergence of sexual signals and recognition, which in turn influences the likelihood for interspecific mating. Future work on species interactions in secondary contact should test the relative influences of both mate choice and competition for mates on hybridization outcomes, and should not ignore the possibilities that females can compete over mating resources, and males can exercise mate choice.展开更多
文摘动物肠道中存在着一些参与猪肠道微生物互作的基因,这些基因具有一定的宿主特异性,利用其设计分子标记能准确识别粪便污染来源。该文共采集6个物种(猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅)的145个粪便样品,提取其DNA后利用竞争性杂交的基因片段富集方法(genome fragment enrichment,GFE),靶向筛选参与猪肠道微生物互作的特异性基因。经BLASTX分析发现,82%的猪特异性非冗余DNA片段存在相似序列,以拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)(43.2%)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)(19.5%)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)(8.6%)相似序列为主。从蛋白质功能方面分析,61.5%的非冗余序列功能明确,有7.6%的序列与信息贮存及加工有关,12.8%的序列与细胞加工及信息传导有关,22%的序列与代谢有关,其中,碳水化合物和氨基酸的转移代谢相关序列含量最为丰富,均占总特异性序列的6.3%。研究发现,能够编码拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)和梭菌纲(Clostridials)等表面蛋白、膜分泌蛋白及碳水化合物代谢蛋白的相关基因可作为猪特异性分子标记筛选的靶点。
基金S.E.L. was supported by a National Science Foundation （NSF） Graduate Research Opportunities Worldwide （GROW） Fellowship in Switzerland and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1154145. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
文摘Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which male-male compe- tition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. What is relatively unexplored is the interaction between female choice and male competition, as they can oppose one another or align with similar outcomes for reproductive isolation. The role of female-female competition in hybridization is also not well understood, but could operate similarly to male-male competition in polyandrous and other systems where costs to heterospecific mating are low for females. Reproductive competition between either sex of sympatric species can cause the divergence and/or convergence of sexual signals and recognition, which in turn influences the likelihood for interspecific mating. Future work on species interactions in secondary contact should test the relative influences of both mate choice and competition for mates on hybridization outcomes, and should not ignore the possibilities that females can compete over mating resources, and males can exercise mate choice.
