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欧盟竞争法理论与实践及其对贸易的影响
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作者 高永富 《国际商务研究》 北大核心 1998年第5期38-43,共6页
一、前言 在关贸总协定/世贸组织框架下近50年的成功谈判取得了积极的成果,它大大地减少了各国政府为保护其国内市场而设置的壁垒,当然还要作进一步必要的努力以减少政府所设置的障碍。应值得注意的是企业行为也能成为同样的障碍。 世... 一、前言 在关贸总协定/世贸组织框架下近50年的成功谈判取得了积极的成果,它大大地减少了各国政府为保护其国内市场而设置的壁垒,当然还要作进一步必要的努力以减少政府所设置的障碍。应值得注意的是企业行为也能成为同样的障碍。 世贸组织(WTO)诸多规则的一个主要目的就是在其成员国之间,就产品与服务方面构成或保护竞争关系。世贸组织制定了严格的纪律以确保政府行为对贸易的影响不会扭曲公平竞争以及政府行为只能按照多边规则来实施。然而,同样十分清楚的是,企业的反竞争行为在某种情况下,象政府行为一样,也会对进入市场构成重大影响,形成壁垒,扭曲公平竞争,世贸组织正在探讨与处理这一问题。 展开更多
关键词 欧盟 竞争法理论 国际贸易 竞争政策 国际合作
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Test of Resource Competition Theory Between Microalga and Macroalga Under Phosphate Limitation 被引量:8
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作者 南春容 董双林 金秋 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第3期282-288,共7页
Short_term batch cultures were used to measure the phosphate_dependent growth kinetics for a marine microalga, Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen, and a marine macroalga, Ulva pertusa Kjellm. Results wer... Short_term batch cultures were used to measure the phosphate_dependent growth kinetics for a marine microalga, Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen, and a marine macroalga, Ulva pertusa Kjellm. Results were fitted to the Monod model. U. pertusa had a lower half_saturation constant and maximum growth rate, which were 0.016 μmol/L and 0.16 d -1 respectively, while the growth kinetics of T. subcordiformis were 0.021 μmol/L and 0.83 d -1 . Long_term semicontinuous nutrient competition experiments were performed between T. subcordiformis and U. pertusa under phosphate limitation in laboratory. Loss rates were manipulated to get the same or different resource requirement values ( R * ) of the two species. Comparison between the theoretical predictions derived from Monod kinetics and the outcome of competition experiments indicated that the Monod model could predict the results only when the R * values of the two species were significantly different, and T. subcordiformis displaced U. pertusa when they had the same resource requirements. The Monod model can only partly predict the competition results between microalga and macroalga. 展开更多
关键词 MACROALGA MICROALGA Monod model PHOSPHATE resource competition theory R * _rule
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