Invasive plants usually experience population differentiation as they expand from their initial invasive range to the edge.Moreover,invasive plants usually encounter competitors which shared different co-evolutionary ...Invasive plants usually experience population differentiation as they expand from their initial invasive range to the edge.Moreover,invasive plants usually encounter competitors which shared different co-evolutionary histories with them.These factors may lead to varying responses of invasive plant populations to elevated nitrogen deposition during expansion.However,this issue has received limited attention in prior research.To address these challenges,we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate how population differentiation of Galinsoga quadriradiata interacts with the presence of various competitors in response to increased nitrogen deposition.Competitor types(new or old that shared short or long co-evolutionary history with the invader,respectively)were set to compete with the invasive central and edge populations under different nitrogen addition treatments.Individuals from the central population of G.quadriradiata,originating from the initial invasion range,showed greater total mass,reproduction and interspecific competitiveness compared with the edge population.Nitrogen addition improved growth and reproductive performance in both populations,and the central population had a stronger response compared with the edge population.The performance of G.quadriradiata was inhibited more effectively by old competitors than new competitors.Our results indicate that population differentiation occurs in terms of growth and competitiveness during the range expansion of G.quadriradiata,with the central population exhibiting superior performance.Co-evolutionary history with competitors is considered unfavorable for invasive plants in this study.Our results highlight the combined effects of population differentiation in invasive species and their co-evolution history with competitors in the context of global change factors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271584,31600445 and 32071520)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072,GK202103073 and 2020CSLY014)the Research Funds of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology and the Research Funds of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(202113).
文摘Invasive plants usually experience population differentiation as they expand from their initial invasive range to the edge.Moreover,invasive plants usually encounter competitors which shared different co-evolutionary histories with them.These factors may lead to varying responses of invasive plant populations to elevated nitrogen deposition during expansion.However,this issue has received limited attention in prior research.To address these challenges,we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate how population differentiation of Galinsoga quadriradiata interacts with the presence of various competitors in response to increased nitrogen deposition.Competitor types(new or old that shared short or long co-evolutionary history with the invader,respectively)were set to compete with the invasive central and edge populations under different nitrogen addition treatments.Individuals from the central population of G.quadriradiata,originating from the initial invasion range,showed greater total mass,reproduction and interspecific competitiveness compared with the edge population.Nitrogen addition improved growth and reproductive performance in both populations,and the central population had a stronger response compared with the edge population.The performance of G.quadriradiata was inhibited more effectively by old competitors than new competitors.Our results indicate that population differentiation occurs in terms of growth and competitiveness during the range expansion of G.quadriradiata,with the central population exhibiting superior performance.Co-evolutionary history with competitors is considered unfavorable for invasive plants in this study.Our results highlight the combined effects of population differentiation in invasive species and their co-evolution history with competitors in the context of global change factors.
