Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law lays down the right of the Staff and Workers＇ Representative Congress （SWRC） to deliberate on the formulation of （intra-enterprise） work regulations, but this has become a ＂s...Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law lays down the right of the Staff and Workers＇ Representative Congress （SWRC） to deliberate on the formulation of （intra-enterprise） work regulations, but this has become a ＂soft＂ law in judicial practice. The judicial criteria for judging the validity of work regulations are in essence determined by the judge＇s judgment on their reasonableness. As an important embodiment of Chinese politics, economics and culture, the transformation of the SWRC that accompanied the market economy has not negated its value as an indigenous traditional resource. The SWRC does not just enjoy deliberative rights in the formation of regulations, as clearly specified in constitutional law, but also has rights under the law in local legislation and practice. Hence the system of work regulations is neither a unilateral decision on the part of management nor a contract, but rather an autonomous norm developed through the SWRC mechanism. Given the mandatory nature of Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law, regulations will only be valid after they havegone through a democratic process. The further development of the theory of normative system formation should endow the SWRC with greater rights and integrate it smoothly with the collective contract system to standardize collective labor relations.展开更多
A simple method to fabricate one-dimensional(1-D) and two-dimensional(2-D) ordered micro- and nano-scale patterns is developed based on the original masters from optical discs, using nanoimprint technology and soft st...A simple method to fabricate one-dimensional(1-D) and two-dimensional(2-D) ordered micro- and nano-scale patterns is developed based on the original masters from optical discs, using nanoimprint technology and soft stamps. Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) was used to replicate the negative image of the 1-D grating pattern on the masters of CD-R, DVD-R and BD-R optical discs, respectively, and then the 1-D pattern on one of the PDMS stamps was transferred to a blank polycarbonate(PC) substrate by nanoimprint. The 2-D ordered patterns were fabricated by the second imprinting using another PDMS stamp. Different 2-D periodic patterns were obtained depending on the PDMS stamps and the angle between the two times of imprints. This method may provide a way for the fabrication of complex 2-D patterns using simple 1-D masters.展开更多
文摘Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law lays down the right of the Staff and Workers＇ Representative Congress （SWRC） to deliberate on the formulation of （intra-enterprise） work regulations, but this has become a ＂soft＂ law in judicial practice. The judicial criteria for judging the validity of work regulations are in essence determined by the judge＇s judgment on their reasonableness. As an important embodiment of Chinese politics, economics and culture, the transformation of the SWRC that accompanied the market economy has not negated its value as an indigenous traditional resource. The SWRC does not just enjoy deliberative rights in the formation of regulations, as clearly specified in constitutional law, but also has rights under the law in local legislation and practice. Hence the system of work regulations is neither a unilateral decision on the part of management nor a contract, but rather an autonomous norm developed through the SWRC mechanism. Given the mandatory nature of Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law, regulations will only be valid after they havegone through a democratic process. The further development of the theory of normative system formation should endow the SWRC with greater rights and integrate it smoothly with the collective contract system to standardize collective labor relations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11504259,21575098 and 21505098)the Shanxi International Cooperation Project(No.2015081019)+2 种基金the Shanxi Scholarship Council(No.2013-038)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2015123)the Scientific Research Starting Foundation from Taiyuan University of Technology(No.tyut-rc201162a)
文摘A simple method to fabricate one-dimensional(1-D) and two-dimensional(2-D) ordered micro- and nano-scale patterns is developed based on the original masters from optical discs, using nanoimprint technology and soft stamps. Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) was used to replicate the negative image of the 1-D grating pattern on the masters of CD-R, DVD-R and BD-R optical discs, respectively, and then the 1-D pattern on one of the PDMS stamps was transferred to a blank polycarbonate(PC) substrate by nanoimprint. The 2-D ordered patterns were fabricated by the second imprinting using another PDMS stamp. Different 2-D periodic patterns were obtained depending on the PDMS stamps and the angle between the two times of imprints. This method may provide a way for the fabrication of complex 2-D patterns using simple 1-D masters.
