章植与中国第一部《土地经济学》

研究目的:研究章植的生平及其所著《土地经济学》的价值。研究方法:通过文献分析,整理章植的生平,讨论其对土地经济学的贡献。研究结果:章植1930年出版的《土地经济学》是中国学者撰写的第一本土地经济学著作,有鲜明的中国特色,具有重大的学术价值。研究结论:章植及其《土地经济学》在中国土地经济学史上具有重要的地位。

Discussion on the Regeneration Technology of Gazania rigens L.Leaves

[Objective]The research aimed to study the regeneration technology of Cazania rigens L.leaves and screen out the optimum medium formula for the regeneration of Cazania rigens L.leaves.[Method]Using Japan imported C.rigens leaves as materials,the orthogonal test was made for the callus and adventitious buds induction in MS medium with different kinds and concentrations of hormones.The optimum medium formula for the regeneration of C.rigens leaves were screened out.[Result]On the medium of MS ＋ 0.8-1.0 mg/L TDZ ＋ 0.05-1.0 mg/L NAA,compact type and bright green calli were formed.When the leaves were inoculated on the medium of MS ＋ 0.5-1.0 mg/L TDZ ＋ 0.05-1.0 mg/L NAA,many adventitious shoots can be induced and the induction rate reached 100%.When strong adventitious shoots with the height of 2.0-3.0 cm were transplanted into the medium of 1/2 MS ＋0.1 mg/L NAA,the rooting situations were good and the rooting rate was 100%.[Conclusion]The research provided a new way for the rapid propagation of C.rigens and laid the foundation for the genetic transformation and new varieties breeding of C.rigens.

Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Tundra Vegetation Undergoing Invasion by Deyeuxia angustifolia in Changbai Mountains

In recent years, herbaceous species such as Deyeuxia angustifolia （Kom.） Y. L. Chang has invaded alpine tundra regions of the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Because atmospheric nitrogen deposition is predicted to increase under a warming climate and D. angustifolia is sensitive to nitrogen addition, field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2013 to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on the mechanisms of D. angustifolia invasion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of increased nitrogen deposition on the changes in alpine tundra vegetation （consisting mostly of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. and Vaccinium uliginosum Linn.）. The results showed that： 1） simulated nitrogen deposition affected overall characteristics and structure of R. chrysanthum and E uliginosum communities and had a positive impact on the growth of tundra vegetation invaded by 1）. angustifolia; 2） R. chrysanthum was more resistant to invasion by D. angustifolia than V.. uliginosum; 3） simulated nitrogen deposition could improve the growth and enhance the competitiveness of D. angustifolia, which was gradually replacing R. chrysanthum and V. uliginosum and might become the dominant species in the system in future, transforming alpine tundra into alpine meadow in the Chanebai Mountains.

Delayed and short course of rapamycin prevents organ rejection after allogeneic liver transplantation in rats

AIMTo test whether a delayed and short course of rapamycin would induce immunosuppressive effects following allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats.METHODSAllogeneic OLTs were performed using Dark Agouti livers transplanted into Lewis recipients, and syngeneic OLTs were performed using the Lewis rat strain. Rapamycin (1 mg/kg per day) was administered by gavage from day 4 to day 11 post-transplantation. Lymphocyte cellular compartments were analyzed by flow cytometry in draining lymph nodes, non-draining lymph nodes and the spleen at days 11 and 42 in rapamycin-treated rats, untreated control rats and syngeneic grafted rats. Skin grafts from Dark agouti or from F344 RT were performed at day 30 on liver grafted rats treated with rapamycin.RESULTSAn 8-d course of rapamycin treatment initiated 4 d following transplantation resulted in the survival of grafted rats for more than 100 d. In contrast, untreated rats died of liver failure within 13 to 21 d. The analysis of the cellular compartment revealed an increase in two cellular subpopulations, specifically myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD8+CD45RClow T cells, without major modifications in the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in treated rats in the early stages after grafting. We evaluated the ability of treated rats to reject third-party allogeneic skin grafts to confirm their immune competence. In contrast, when skin was collected from rats syngeneic to the grafted liver, it was not rejected.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that short and delayed rapamycin treatment allows for tolerance in allogeneic OLT. The results also allowed for the identification of the mechanisms of tolerance induced by rapamycin by identifying MDSCs and CD8+CD45RClow T cells as associated with the state of tolerance.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after pacemaker implantation

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy （TTC） was first described by Japanese in 1990. The cardiomyopathy has got this name because the outline of the left ventricle looks like the octo-pus trap. TTC is usually induced by physical triggers, emotional triggers, both of them or neither of them some-times. The patients of TTC usually present the symptoms just like acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Coronary angiography and left ventriculography are able to make the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Although we have already good recognition of TTC, it might occur to the patients unexpectedly and sometimes preclude early diagnosis of it.

Utility of co-transplanting mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation

Islet transplantation is characterized by the transplantation of isolated islets from donor pancreata into a diabetic recipient. Although it is a viable choice in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, most patients (approximately 90%) require insulin five years after transplantation. Recently, the co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and islets in animal studies has revealed the effectiveness of MSCs co-transplantation for improving islet function. Themechanisms underlying the beneficial impact of MSCs include immunomodulation and the promotion of angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss MSCs and how they support improved graft survival and function.