Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitn...Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity(PA) capacities.The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations.The purpose of this article was to review the measurement,determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth(i.e.,children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS:1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity;2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity;3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity;and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence.Future research should focus on:1) strength testing and training protocols;2) methodologies to determine PA levels;and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.展开更多
Objective: It has been recommended that age-related centile curves of anthropometric indexes(such as height, weight) be used rountinly to evaluate the growth and development statues in children. Presented here is the ...Objective: It has been recommended that age-related centile curves of anthropometric indexes(such as height, weight) be used rountinly to evaluate the growth and development statues in children. Presented here is the age-related height centile curves for children aged 0-18 years in Shaanxi, China,1995. Methods: Data of the Shaanxi population were retrieved from The Third Nationwide Growth Survey to construct the age-related height centile curves. The LMS method was used for curve fitting; all analyses were carried out on the basis of different sexes through a special program for LMS(λ-median-coefficient) method which was devised by Cole TJ. Results: Centile curves for boys and girls, showing similar age-related features but girls'puberty coming two years earlier than boys'. The period of puberty growth increment was about 2 years longer for boys. At age 18, boys were taller than girls for about 14 cm. Compared with height standard of NCHS(national center of health statistics), Shaanxi children were taller than American children before 14 years for boys, 12 years for girls, but after 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls, Shaanxi children were shorter than American ones. At age 18, Shaanxi children was 5.6 cm for boys and 4.9 cm for girls shorter than NCHS. Shaanxi children's height increase range from 1958 to 1995 at the same age was 4.9-15.1 cm ,with the mean of 9.59 cm for boys, and 3.7-12.5 cm, with the mean of 8.38 cm for girls. Between 1958-1995, the increasing velocity every ten years were 2.57 cm for boys and 2.26 cm for girls, which indicated that the children have reached the optimum. Conclusion: By means of LMS method, we constructed age-related height centile curves for Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years, these height centile curves are the first one for the Chinese children. It can be used as a reference for assessing growth and development status of Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years.展开更多
文摘Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity(PA) capacities.The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations.The purpose of this article was to review the measurement,determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth(i.e.,children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS:1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity;2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity;3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity;and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence.Future research should focus on:1) strength testing and training protocols;2) methodologies to determine PA levels;and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.
文摘Objective: It has been recommended that age-related centile curves of anthropometric indexes(such as height, weight) be used rountinly to evaluate the growth and development statues in children. Presented here is the age-related height centile curves for children aged 0-18 years in Shaanxi, China,1995. Methods: Data of the Shaanxi population were retrieved from The Third Nationwide Growth Survey to construct the age-related height centile curves. The LMS method was used for curve fitting; all analyses were carried out on the basis of different sexes through a special program for LMS(λ-median-coefficient) method which was devised by Cole TJ. Results: Centile curves for boys and girls, showing similar age-related features but girls'puberty coming two years earlier than boys'. The period of puberty growth increment was about 2 years longer for boys. At age 18, boys were taller than girls for about 14 cm. Compared with height standard of NCHS(national center of health statistics), Shaanxi children were taller than American children before 14 years for boys, 12 years for girls, but after 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls, Shaanxi children were shorter than American ones. At age 18, Shaanxi children was 5.6 cm for boys and 4.9 cm for girls shorter than NCHS. Shaanxi children's height increase range from 1958 to 1995 at the same age was 4.9-15.1 cm ,with the mean of 9.59 cm for boys, and 3.7-12.5 cm, with the mean of 8.38 cm for girls. Between 1958-1995, the increasing velocity every ten years were 2.57 cm for boys and 2.26 cm for girls, which indicated that the children have reached the optimum. Conclusion: By means of LMS method, we constructed age-related height centile curves for Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years, these height centile curves are the first one for the Chinese children. It can be used as a reference for assessing growth and development status of Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years.
