汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度的在线监测

为便于运行人员实时监测发电机定子铁心端部的温度,针对同步发电机铁心温度随运行工况变化的特点,提出了汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度在线监测的新方法。首先,研究了汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度随发电机运行时的有功功率、无功功率、电枢端电压、端部冷却介质等参数变化的数学模型;然后,根据定子铁心端部的温度模型,推导了一种新型的定子铁心端部温升限制曲线,以实时指导发电机的进相运行。通过发电机的运行及实验结果验证了文中所提方法的正确性。

汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度模型中参数的确定

在发电机的热状态监测中,为了确定汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度的标准值,必须首先确定温度模型中的各个参数。为此,提出了汽轮发电机定子铁心端部温度模型中电抗参数、铁心对氢气的散热系数以及常系数的确定方法。利用发电机的空载特性、短路特性曲线以及发电机运行时采集到的有功功率、无功功率、电枢端电压确定不同运行工况下的电枢反应电抗以及同步电抗,该方法考虑了电机的饱和;根据流体力学以及传热学原理确定铁心对氢气的散热系数;采用最小二乘法确定模型中的常系数。然后根据温度模型即可确定状态监测中定子铁心端部温度的标准值。通过一台QFSN-220-2汽轮发电机的实际运行温度与计算温度相比较证明了所提出的参数确定方法是正确的。

发电机定子铁芯安装导风环降低端部温度

对昆明发电厂SQF - 10 0 - 2双水内冷发电机定子安装导风环实践进行了研究和总结 ,结果表明 ,安装导风环施工简单、投资费用少、运行可靠 ,发电机内部冷却风分配能达到最佳效果 ,在改善发电机端部铁芯温度的同时 ,能兼顾到中部 ,能对全省同类型机组的改进提供有益参考。

ANSYS在热轧辊研究中的应用

多功能轧光机的关键技术是轧光辊与热轧辊的设计及制造。针对电热棒加热方式的缺点,采用导热油循环加热方案来解决。分析热轧辊三维温度场,可以进一步改进热轧辊的结构及加热方式,获得更高质量的轧光织物。本文采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对热轧辊三维温度场进行分析计算。结果表明:在轧辊端部的温度梯度变化的主要方向仍是沿径向,但还有一些温度梯度沿轴向变化。提高轧辊端部温度分布均匀性是改善热轧辊温度均匀性的关键。

Changes in Extreme Events as Simulated by a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model for the Next 20-30 Years over China

In this paper, the changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the next 20-30 years (2021-2050) in relative to the present day (1986-2005) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario are analyzed based on a high-resolution climate change simulation performed by a regional climate model (the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) RegCM3). The extreme indices of summer days (SU), frost days (FD), and growing season length (GSL) for temperature and simple daily intensity index (SDII), number of days with precipitation ≥10 mm d-1 (R10), and consecutive dry days (CDD) for precipitation are used as the indicators of the extremes. The results show that the indices simulated by RegCM3 in the present day show good agreement with the observed. A general increase in SU, a decrease in FD, and an increase in GSL are found to occur in the next 20-30 years over China. A general increase in SDII, an increase in R10 over western China, and a decrease in R10 in north, northeast, and central China are simulated by the model. Changes in CDD are characterized by a decrease in the north and an increase in the south and the Tibetan Plateau.

Changes in Daily Climate Extremes of Observed Temperature and Precipitation in China

Daily precipitation for 1960-2011 and maximum/minimum temperature extremes for 1960-2008 recorded at 549 stations in China are utilized to investigate climate extreme variations.A set of indices is derived and analyzed with a main focus on the trends and variabilities of daily extreme occurrences.Results show significant increases in daily extreme warm temperatures and decreases in daily extreme cold temperatures,defined as the number of days in which daily maximum temperature （Tmax） and daily minimum temperature （Tmin） are greater than the 90th percentile and less than thel0th percentile,respectively.Generally,the trend magnitudes are larger in indices derived from Tmin than those from Tmax.Trends of percentile-based precipitation indices show distinct spatial patterns with increases in heavy precipitation events,defined as the top 95th percentile of daily precipitation,in westem and northeastern China and in the low reaches of the Yangtze River basin region,and slight decreases in other areas.Light precipitation,defined as the tail of the 5th percentile of daily precipitation,however,decreases in most areas.The annual maximum consecutive dry days （CDD） show an increasing trend in southem China and the middle-low reach of the Yellow River basin,while the annual maximum consecutive wet days （CWD） displays a downtrend over most regions except western China.These indices vary significantly with regions and seasons.Overall,occurrences of extreme events in China are more frequent,particularly the night time extreme temperature,and landmasses in China become warmer and wetter.

Summer Extreme Temperatures over East China during 1984-2004 Simulated by LASG/IAP Regional Climate Model CREM

The authors examine extreme summer temperatures over East China during 19844004 using a regional climate model named CREM （the Climate version of Regional Eta-coordinate Model）, which was developed by LASG/IAP. The results show that the main features of the extreme summer temperatures over East China are reproduced well by CREM, and the skill for the minimum temperature is higher than that for the maximum tem- perature, especially along the Yangtze-Huai River Valley （YHV）. The simulated extreme temperatures are lower than those of observation, especially for the maximum temperature. The bias of extreme temperatures is consistent with the cold bias of the climatological mean summer surface air temperature. The skill of the model in simulating the interannual variability of extreme temperatures increases from north to south. The simulated interannual variation of the minimum temperature is more reasonable than the maximum temperature. The underestimation of net solar radiation at the surface leads to a cold bias of the climatological mean temperature. Furthermore, the model underestimates the light and moderate rain, while overestimates heavy rain. It causes the simulated minimum temperature more reasonable than the maximum temperature.