Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synony...Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synonymy of Schistura caudofurca.A neotype of Micronemacheilus bacmeensis is assigned.The name Channa hanamensis is treated as a nomen nudum.Two labeonine species described from China are nomenclaturally affected:Garra findolabium is transferred to Vinagarra and its specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition;the specific epithet of Sinigarra napoense is corrected to napoensis.展开更多
Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate are overused agricultural pesticides that can trigger trophic cascades, resulting in toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms as well as altered ecosystems. In previous studies, s...Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate are overused agricultural pesticides that can trigger trophic cascades, resulting in toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms as well as altered ecosystems. In previous studies, substantial attention has been given to the effects of pesticides on vertebrate species and, to a lesser extent, species of zooplankton. The present study was designed to show that the fission time effective concentration in ciliates is a potential aquatic detection index for environmental monitoring. The ciliate Urostyla grandis was treated with doses of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. After exposed to the pesticides, the LC_(50)(i.e., concentration that killed 50% of the ciliate cells within 24 h) values were 0.029 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.0685 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. The fission time effective concentrations after 168 h of exposure were 0.0075–0.0093 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.2640–0.2750 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. These results show that the fission time effective concentration is lower than the LC_(50) value in ciliates, indicating that fission time effective concentration is more suitable than the LC_(50) value for environmental monitoring using ciliates. The effects of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate on ciliate cell ultrastructures included agglutination of chromatin in the macronucleus, protruded and discontinuous macronuclear and micronuclear membranes, loss of integrity of mitochondrial membranes and contents, and abscission and deformation of the adoral zone of membranelles.展开更多
Based on the well-preserved specimens from the Nanba section in Yiyang, Hunan Province, the definition of the graptolite ge- nus Acrograptus is revised here. The revised Acrograptus is a dichograptid form with stipes ...Based on the well-preserved specimens from the Nanba section in Yiyang, Hunan Province, the definition of the graptolite ge- nus Acrograptus is revised here. The revised Acrograptus is a dichograptid form with stipes subborizontal to deeply declined, sicula long and slender; th 11 budding from the top of the metasicula, proximal development of isograptid type with th 12 as the dicalycal theca; asymmetric proximal end resulting from the divergence of thl1 and thl2 from the sicula at different levels; slender crossing canals composed of extremely slender Acrograptus is assigned to the subfamily Sigmagraptinae prothecae of thlt and thl2. According to the revised definition, of the family Dichograptidae, including six species, i.e., A. affinis （Nicholson）, A. filiformis （Tullberg）, A. gracilis （Tornquist）, A. nicholsoni （Lapworth）, A. pusillus （Tullberg）, and A. saukros （Ni）. During the Early-Middle Ordovician, these six species were widely distributed in South China, especially in the Upper Yangtze Region as well as the central and eastern Jiangnan Region. This study further indicates that Acrograptus first appeared in a deep-water setting on the Jiangnan Slope in South China during early Floian （Tetragraptus approximatus Biozone）, and subsequently expanded into the shallow-water region on the Yangtze Platform due to a remarkable dispersion event in middle Floian （Pendeograptus fruticosus Biozone）. It is here indicated that the dispersal of Acrograptus may be directly controlled by the large-scale transgression event occurring in middle Floian.展开更多
An examination of Marx＇s exposition of the evolution of social formations on four occasions shows that the core content of his social formation theory consists in its affirmation of both the universality of the law o...An examination of Marx＇s exposition of the evolution of social formations on four occasions shows that the core content of his social formation theory consists in its affirmation of both the universality of the law of the development of social formations from lower to higher stages in different nations and the diversity of their developmental paths. The theoretical assumptions he put forward in the late 19th century about the possibility of late- developing modernizers being able to establish a socialist society without passing through the stage of capitalism represent a major development of his theory of social formations. The theory of the primary stage of socialism and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics advanced by the Chinese Communists are the latest development of Marx＇s theory of social formations.展开更多
文摘Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synonymy of Schistura caudofurca.A neotype of Micronemacheilus bacmeensis is assigned.The name Channa hanamensis is treated as a nomen nudum.Two labeonine species described from China are nomenclaturally affected:Garra findolabium is transferred to Vinagarra and its specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition;the specific epithet of Sinigarra napoense is corrected to napoensis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31601866 and 31501844)the Heilongjiang Province Colleges and Universities Youth Innovative Training Program (Nos. UNPYSCT2017178 and 2017180)
文摘Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate are overused agricultural pesticides that can trigger trophic cascades, resulting in toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms as well as altered ecosystems. In previous studies, substantial attention has been given to the effects of pesticides on vertebrate species and, to a lesser extent, species of zooplankton. The present study was designed to show that the fission time effective concentration in ciliates is a potential aquatic detection index for environmental monitoring. The ciliate Urostyla grandis was treated with doses of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. After exposed to the pesticides, the LC_(50)(i.e., concentration that killed 50% of the ciliate cells within 24 h) values were 0.029 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.0685 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. The fission time effective concentrations after 168 h of exposure were 0.0075–0.0093 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.2640–0.2750 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. These results show that the fission time effective concentration is lower than the LC_(50) value in ciliates, indicating that fission time effective concentration is more suitable than the LC_(50) value for environmental monitoring using ciliates. The effects of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate on ciliate cell ultrastructures included agglutination of chromatin in the macronucleus, protruded and discontinuous macronuclear and micronuclear membranes, loss of integrity of mitochondrial membranes and contents, and abscission and deformation of the adoral zone of membranelles.
基金supported by National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Grant No. 40972009)
文摘Based on the well-preserved specimens from the Nanba section in Yiyang, Hunan Province, the definition of the graptolite ge- nus Acrograptus is revised here. The revised Acrograptus is a dichograptid form with stipes subborizontal to deeply declined, sicula long and slender; th 11 budding from the top of the metasicula, proximal development of isograptid type with th 12 as the dicalycal theca; asymmetric proximal end resulting from the divergence of thl1 and thl2 from the sicula at different levels; slender crossing canals composed of extremely slender Acrograptus is assigned to the subfamily Sigmagraptinae prothecae of thlt and thl2. According to the revised definition, of the family Dichograptidae, including six species, i.e., A. affinis （Nicholson）, A. filiformis （Tullberg）, A. gracilis （Tornquist）, A. nicholsoni （Lapworth）, A. pusillus （Tullberg）, and A. saukros （Ni）. During the Early-Middle Ordovician, these six species were widely distributed in South China, especially in the Upper Yangtze Region as well as the central and eastern Jiangnan Region. This study further indicates that Acrograptus first appeared in a deep-water setting on the Jiangnan Slope in South China during early Floian （Tetragraptus approximatus Biozone）, and subsequently expanded into the shallow-water region on the Yangtze Platform due to a remarkable dispersion event in middle Floian （Pendeograptus fruticosus Biozone）. It is here indicated that the dispersal of Acrograptus may be directly controlled by the large-scale transgression event occurring in middle Floian.
文摘An examination of Marx＇s exposition of the evolution of social formations on four occasions shows that the core content of his social formation theory consists in its affirmation of both the universality of the law of the development of social formations from lower to higher stages in different nations and the diversity of their developmental paths. The theoretical assumptions he put forward in the late 19th century about the possibility of late- developing modernizers being able to establish a socialist society without passing through the stage of capitalism represent a major development of his theory of social formations. The theory of the primary stage of socialism and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics advanced by the Chinese Communists are the latest development of Marx＇s theory of social formations.
