法的第二性原理与知识产权概念

知识产权的概念是法学界悬而未决的课题,法的第二性原理可作为不同学说的对话起点,以法律概念的规范意义统辖概念论争。法是行为规范,财产权概念应当突显财产的具体形态以及由此决定的利用财产的行为方式。以法的第二性原理检视无体财产权说和智力成果权说,二者皆缺乏足够的规范功能。当下占据主流地位的无体财产权说和智力成果权说终将被超越,科学的知识产权概念必须阐明知识产权对象的具体形态。

First‑principles study on electronic structure,optical and magnetic properties of rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)doped with two‑dimensional GaSe

The electronic structure,magnetic,and optical properties of two-dimensional(2D)GaSe doped with rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)were calculated using the first-principles plane wave method based on den-sity functional theory.The results show that intrinsic 2D GaSe is a p-type nonmagnetic semiconductor with an indi-rect bandgap of 2.6611 eV.The spin-up and spin-down channels of Sc-,Y-,and La-doped 2D GaSe are symmetric,they are non-magnetic semiconductors.The magnetic moments of Ce-and Eu-doped 2D GaSe are 0.908μ_(B)and 7.163μ_(B),which are magnetic semiconductors.Impurity energy levels appear in both spin-up and spin-down chan-nels of Eu-doped 2D GaSe,which enhances the probability of electron transition.Compared with intrinsic 2D GaSe,the static dielectric constant of the doped 2D GaSe increases,and the polarization ability is strengthened.The ab-sorption spectrum of the doped 2D GaSe shifts in the low-energy direction,and the red-shift phenomenon occurs,which extends the absorption spectral range.The optical reflection coefficient of the doped 2D GaSe is improved in the low energy region,and the improvement of Eu-doped 2D GaSe is the most obvious.

法益之间的效力转换及其冲突的解决规则研究

与对法益本身的研究类似,我国民法学界对于法益之间的效力转换及其冲突的解决规则也很少关注,但这种状况在《侵权责任法》出台和民法典制定的大背景下不得不改变。根据法的第二性原理,法益之间的效力转换及其冲突根源于事实与规范之间的冲突,只有对事实之间的冲突作出精确分类,我们才有可能就法益之间的效力转换及其冲突的解决规则给出令人信服的回答。

Physical Properties of Ⅲ-Antiminodes—a First Principles Study

A comprehensive first principles study of III-Antimonide binary compounds is hardly found in literature. We report a broad study of structural and electronic properties of boron antimonide （BSb）, aluminium antimonide （AlSb）, gallium antimonide （GaSb） and indium antimonide （InSb） in zineblende phase based on density functional theory （DFT）. Our calculations are based on Full-PotentiM Lineaxized Augmented Plane wave plus local orbitals （FP- L（APWq-lo）） method. Different forms of exchange-correlation energy functional and corresponding potential are employed for structural and electronic properties. Our computed results for lattice parameters, bulk moduli, their pressure derivatives, and cohesive energy are consistent with the available experimental data. Boron antimonide is found to be the hardest compound of this group. For band structure calculations, in addition to LDA and GGA, we used GGA-EV, an approximation employed by Engel and Vosko. The band gap results with GGA-EV are of significant improvement over the earlier work.

Prediction of structural and electronic properties of Cl2 adsorbed on TiO2(100)surface with C or CO in fluidized chlorination process:A first-principles study

Based on the first-principles calculations of density functional theory,co-adsorption models of C or CO with Cl2 on rutile TiO2(100)surface were established.The adsorption structures and electronic properties during chlorination process were predicted.Then,the adsorption energy,charge density,electron density difference and density of state of the adsorption structures were calculated and analyzed.The stabilities of the adsorption structures and the charge distributions between atoms were studied.It was found that both C and CO could promote the adsorption reactions of Cl2 on TiO2(100)surface,and C was more favorable to the adsorption process.The results show that the adsorption process of Cl2 on TiO2(100)surface was physisorption,and the co-adsorption processes of C or CO with Cl2 on TiO2(100)surface were chemisorptions.

Mn-corrolazine-based 2D-nanocatalytic material with single Mn atoms for catalytic oxidation of alkane to alcohol

Heterogenization of organic-macrocyclic metal catalysts is one of the simplest and most efficient methods for effective separation of products and cyclic application of a catalyst.By using an environmentally friendly Mn-corrolazine catalyst as the building unit,which can directly oxidize organic substrates under oxygen atmosphere and mild conditions,we theoretically constructed a novel two-dimensional(2D)Mn-corrolazine nanocatalytic material with high catalytic activity.In this material,each Mn atom maintains its electronic configuration in the monomer and can directly activate O2 as the single-atom catalyst(SAC)center to form a radical-like[Mn]-O-O under mild visible-light irradiation conditions.The newly generated[Mn]–O–O can efficiently and selectively oxidize C–H bonds to form alcohol species through H-abstraction and the rebound reaction.Moreover,the catalytic reaction is easily regulated by an external electric field along its intrinsic Mn–O–O reaction axis.The current study provides a theoretical foundation for further experimental studies and practical applications of the Mn-corrolazine-based SAC.

Time Varying Gravitational Constant G via Entropic Force

If the uncertainty principle applies to the Verlinde entropic idea, it leads to a new term in the Newton＇s second law of mechanics in the Planck＇s scale. This curious velocity dependent term inspires a frictional feature of the gravity. In this short letter we address that this new term modifies the effective mass and the Newtonian constant as the time dependent quantities. Thus we must have a running on the value of the effective mass on the particle mass m near the holographic screen and the G. This result has a nigh relation with the Dirac hypothesis about the large numbers hypothesis （L.N.H.）. We propose that the corrected entropie terms via Verlinde idea can be brought as a holographic evidence for the authenticity of the Dirac idea.

在构建证据为中心的刑事指控体系视域下排除合理怀疑规则的司法适用路径研究

合理排除怀疑规则在理论上有着非常好的立法导向,但在司法实践中却出现了偏移。排除合理怀疑规则诞生之初是为了收缩、限制国家的刑罚权力,避免国家权力过大。在处理疑难案件的过程中,对于证据瑕疵排除合理怀疑规则的适用程度的理解还处于一个探索阶段,司法机关适用该规则的自由裁量权难以把握。作为刑事证明标准中的新事物,该项规定的性质还是属于原则性规定,具有抽象性和模糊性,仍需要进一步优化。通过司法实践中的一个案例,以小见大引发思考,然后借助于排除合理怀疑规则的合理性分析探讨出这一规则具有正当性基础,在排除合理怀疑规则的适用过程中也出现了刑事证明客观化贯彻不足、价值取向标准规范性欠缺等问题,制约其效用的更大发挥,为此笔者想要通过贯彻刑事证明客观化、适用功利主义规范性标准等措施使排除合理怀疑规则重新焕发其活力,回归到立法者设想的正轨上。