广西梧州市主要六堡茶园土壤鲜茶和毛茶中金属等元素的相关性分析及评价

采集广西梧州市16个规模典型六堡茶园的土壤、鲜茶和毛茶样品,研究测定了土壤中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni以及鲜茶、毛茶中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni和Se元素含量,并对土壤、鲜茶和毛茶中对应的元素含量进行了相关性分析。结果表明:1个茶园的土壤样品As含量(71.770mg·kg^(-1))超标,所测土壤中8种元素,鲜茶及毛茶中的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu 6种元素平均含量均符合国家相关标准要求。鲜茶对土壤7种重金属的富集能力为Cd(0.267)>Zn(0.261)>Ni(0.042)>Cr(0.013)>Pb(0.002)>As(0.001),对Cd的富集系数最高。鲜茶中Cu与土壤中Zn和Ni呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.516和0.611,其余7种金属与土壤中的金属元素含量之间不具有显著相关性;毛茶中Se与鲜茶中Fe,毛茶中Fe分别与鲜茶中Cd、Fe、Zn之间均呈显著相关性;毛茶中Se与鲜茶中Se和Zn之间,毛茶中As与鲜茶中Cu和Ni之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),毛茶中的Ni与鲜茶中的Pb之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),毛茶中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn与鲜茶中金属元素含量之间不具有显著相关性。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)在发动机油元素分析中的应用

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定发动机油中的Ca、Zn、P、Mo元素,对影响测定的各种因素进行了较为详尽的研究,确定了仪器的最佳工作参数,选择了合适的分析谱线,各元素在质量分数0%~0.5%范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.999以上,相对标准偏差小于3%。

山东淄博—章丘盆地三叠系时代讨论

山东基岩区三叠系一直缺少生物化石依据。前人在该套地层底部发现了铱等元素异常 ,认为可作为划分其地质时代的依据。笔者在 1∶2 5万淄博市幅区域地质调查中 ,于该地层中首次发现了孢粉化石 ,结合前人铱等异常特征 ,经区域对比确定其形成于早 -中三叠世 ,并认为区内孙家沟组相当于华北地区的和尚沟组 。

Pad-逼近的一种数值计算方法

利用Pad啨 表的块状结构和高斯消去法给出了任一函数f(z)的退化或非退化的Pad啨 逼近 (m/n) f 的计算 ,并判别Pad啨 逼近 [m/n]f

半交换π-正则环的结构

引入了准体的概念,并用它刻画了半交换π-正则环的结构.证明了若R是半交换环,则下面条件是等价的:(1)R是π-正则环.(2)R的每个素理想均为极大理想.(3)R/PE(P)为准体,其中P为R的任意素理想,E(P)为P的所有幂等元素组成的集合.(4)P1,P2为R的两个素理想,若E(P1)=E(P2),则有P1=P2.并进一步证明了半交换π-正则环R同构于诸准体{R/PE(P)}的一个亚直接和,P∈M,M为R的所有素理想组成的集合.

An equivalent finite element method to kinetics analysis of complex mechanism

The Finite Element Method was combined with the results from considerable analysis, producing a new kinetics analysis method of EFEM for a mechanism in truss, geared system, and assembled system. The equivalent principle and the motive differential equation of the system were derived by using an equivalent element, a virtual inertia matrix, and a systematic force matrix. The element’s mass matrix expression in the two dimensional and three dimensional mechanisms of the equivalent element was determined. The equivalent mass matrixes fashion of the Jacobin matrix, generalized coordinate matrix, and equivalent forces matrix were also determined. It was validated by two examples that the new method was normal, simple and direct, and had a higher efficiency than alternative methods; this is regardless of whether traditional methods are used with differential equations and calculated by using a computer.

Evolution and distribution of Al_2Sm phase in as-extruded AZ61-xSm magnesium alloys during semi-solid isothermal heat-treatment

The evolution and distribution of Al2Sm phase in as-extruded AZ61-xSm（x=0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5, mass fraction, %） magnesium alloys during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment were investigated. The results showed that when as-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys were modified with Sm, the smaller and rounder grains were obtained during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. When the Sm content is 2.0%（mass fraction）, the average size of the globular grains reached the smallest value of 90 μm. Although a few Al2Sm particles existed in the α-Mg grains, most of Al2Sm particles solidified at the edge of the globular grains with the width of 20 μm. These phenomena are mainly attributed to the forces acting on Al2Sm particles in front of the solid-liquid interface, leading to Al2Sm particles accumulating at the solid-liquid interface and then solidifying at the edge of the globular grains in the quenching process.

Otolith chemical signatures of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus in coastal waters of China

This study explores the potential existence of local stocks of Synechogobius ommaturus using otolith chemical signatures. The concentrations of 10 elements （K, Ca, Na, Mg, St, Pb, Ba, Mn, Co, Zn） in the otoliths from eight stocks （Dandong, Dalian, Tianjin, Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, Ganyu and Xiamen） ofS. ommaturus were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and regressed against otolith weight. No significant correlation between otolith weight and concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Zn and Pb were observed. Concentrations of K and Mn were correlated with otolith weight. Consequently, the residuals of the regressions were used instead of the original concentrations in subsequent analyses. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed no significant difference between males and females in otolith chemical signatures. Differences were found among the locations for K, Sr, Mn, Co, Ba, Pb, but not for Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Residuals of the regressions of elemental concentrations against otolith weight that fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity were studied by discriminant analysis. The success of the discriminant function to predict the location of S. ommaturus capture ranged from 100% for Weihai and Xiamen stocks, to only 44.4% and 62.5% for Qingdao and Dandong stocks, respectively. The average prediction success was 80.3%.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations

AIM： To evaluate the bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations. METHODS： The bioavailability was measured in 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers following a single oral dose （equivalent to 200 mg of ranitidine and 220 mg of bismuth） of the test or reference products in the fasting state. Then blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma concentrations of ranitidine and bismuth were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICPMS）, respectively. The non-compartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Log-transformed Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） were tested for bioequivalence using ANOVA and Schuirmann two-one sided t-test. Tmax was analyzed by Wilcoxon＇s test. RESULTS： Various pharmacokinetic parameters of ranitidine derived from the two compound preparations, including Cmax, AUC（0-t）, AUC（0-∞）, Tmax and T1/2, were nearly consistent with previous observations. These parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax（0.67 ± 0.21 vs 0.68 ± 0.22 mg/L）, AUC（0-t）（3.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.7 mg/L per hour）, AUC（0-∞）（3.3 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.8 mg/L per hour）, Tmax （2.3 ± 0.9 VS 2.1 ± 0.9 h） and T1/2 （2.8 ± 0.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.4 h）. In addition, double-peak absorption profiles of ranitidine were found in some Chinese volunteers. For bismuth, those parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax （11.80 ± 7.36 vs 11.40 ± 6.55 μg/L）, AUC（0-t） （46.65 ± 16.97 vs 47.03 ± 21.49 μg/L per hour）, Tmax （0.50 ± 0.20 vs 0.50 ± 0.20 h） and T1/2 （10.2 ± 2.3 vs 13.0 ± 6.9 h）. Ninety percent of confidence intervals for the test/reference ratio of Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） derived from both ranitidine and bismuth were found within the bioequivalence acceptable range of 80%-125%. No significant difference was found in Tmax derived from both ranitidine and bismuth. CONCLUSION： The two compound preparations are bioequivalent and may be prescribed interchangeably.

Microstructure and Gd-rich phase evolution of as-cast AZ31-xGd magnesium alloys during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

The microstructure and Gd-rich phase evolution of as-cast AZ31-xGd(x=0,1.5 wt.%,2.0 wt.%and 2.5 wt.%)magnesium alloys during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment were investigated deeply in the present work.Results showed that the lamellar(Mg,Al)3Gd phases transformed into the particle-like Al2Gd phases in AZ31 magnesium alloys with Gd addition during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment,leading to yielding more sphericalα-Mg grains.When Gd content is 2.0 wt.%,the size of semi-solid spherical grains reaches the minimum.The main mechanism of grain refinement lies in the remelting of dendritic branches as well as the auxiliary effect of a small number of Al2Gd particles as grain refining inoculants.Meanwhile,Al2Gd particles enriched at the solid-liquid interfaces can remarkably retard the growth rate ofα-Mg grains.A reduction of deformation resistance has been successfully achieved in AZ31-2.0Gd magnesium alloy after semi-solid isothermal heat treatment,which shows a moderate compressive deformation resistance(230 MPa),comparing to the as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy(280 MPa)and semi-solid AZ31 magnesium alloy(209 MPa).

Total Atomic Scattering Factors of 1s^23s ~2S States for Lithium Isoelectronic Sequence

Total atomic scattering factors for the 1s^23s ^2S stages for the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z = 3 - 10 are calculated by using the full core plus correlation wave function. The influence of electron correlation on total atomic scattering factors is considered sufficiently in our calculation. For the 1s^2 3s ^2S states of the lithium isoelectronic sequence, the general functional behaviour of total atomic scattering factors is analyzed together for each state of the isoelectronic sequence.

Bioleaching of marmatite using moderately thermophilic bacteria

The process of bioleaching marmatite using moderately thermophilic bacteria was studied by comparing marmatite leaching performance of mesophiles and moderate thermophiles and valuating the effect of venting capacity as well as pulp density on marmatite leaching performance of moderate thermophiles. The results show that moderate thermophiles have more advantages over mesophilies in bioleaching marmatite at 45 ℃ and the pulp density of 50 g/L, and the zinc extraction efficiency reaches 93.1% in 20 d. Aeration agitation can improve the transfer of O2 and CO2 in solution and promote the growth of bacteria and therefore, enhance the leaching efficiency. Under the venting levels of 50, 200 and 800 mL/min, the zinc extraction efficiencies by moderate thermophiles are 57.8%, 92.5% and 96.0%, respectively. With the increase of pulp density, the total leaching amount of valuable metals increases, however, the extraction efficiency decreases due to many reasons, such as increasing shear force leading to poorly growth condition for bacteria, etc. The zinc extraction decreases remarkably to 58.9% while the pulp density mounts up 20%.

Structure of Macro- and Trace Elements Status Observed in Residents of Magadan Town

The authors aimed the study at examining macro- and trace elements content in elderly people of the 1 period of middle age （21-35） residing in Magadan town to assess the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples on individual and population levels by atom-emission spectrometry with inductively-bonded argon plasma. It turned out that the majority of surveyed subjects were characterized by deformation of element status demonstrated by excess and deficit of the basic essential elements of different degrees of manifestation. Deficit of Co （68% of surveyed people）, Mg （67%）, Ca （64%）, Cu （47%）, K （46%）, Zn （44%）, I （41%）, Na （33%）, P （27%） and Se （24%） was typical for female subjects as well as excess of Si （28%）, Zn （22%） and P （20%）. Male residents were characterized by deficit of Co （81%）, Ca （66%）, Mg （65%）, I （50%）, Cu （37%）, K and Na （27%） and excess of Zn （41%）. In individual cases it was noted excess concentration of nominally essential and toxic elements in both examined groups. They were： A1, As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and B. While analyzing of medians of chemical concentration it was stated reliable sex-related differences （P 〈 0.05）： content of Ca, Mg and Mn was higher in hair samples of women, and content of As, B, Cd, Cr, K, Li, Na, P, Pb and V, on the contrary, was higher in male samples.

Distribution and Relationships of Seven Trace Elements （Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn） in Freshwater Fish from Five French Fishing Areas

The concentrations of seven essential trace elements in 149 freshwater fish from eight fish species （European eel, bream, common carp, European catfish, roach, perch, pike and pikeperch） from five different French fishing areas from contaminated and control sites were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion under pressure. Differences in the concentration of elements in the muscles of these species were examined and the mean levels were compared for each species with previous French and European studies. The condition factor and the differences between the control and contaminated sites and between predatory and non-predatory groups, with respect to the concentration of these elements, were also studied.

Application of NaHCO_3/ DTPA Extractant-ICP Spectrometry Technique in Soil Test for Availability of Nutrients and Heavy Metals

Soil test for availability of nutrients and heavy metals is extensively served as a means for the evaluations of soil fertility, and environmental effects and phytotoxicity of pollutants in soils, and for the fertilizer recommendation in agricultural and environmental sciences. Therefore, great attention has been paid to the measurement of elemental availability in soil test.

The Trace Element Content Observed in the Elderly People of Russia＇s North Regions

To investigate the status of mineral metabolism in people residing in huge regional centers of north-western and north-eastern parts of Russia by AES-IBP （atom-emission spectrometry with inductively bonded argon plasma）, the content of 25 elements in hair samples of surveyed people was examined. The results of the study carried out in Russia＇s north could testify to significant deformation found in the elderly people bodies＇ element profiles. The pronounced deficit in such essential elements as Ca, Cr, Mg can be considered the common north-related profile typical for the elderly people from European and Asian north. In addition, age-related formation of all the elements＇ deficit due to their risen spending at pathologies as well as the increased need in such elements as Zn, Se, Cr, Cu, Mn. The age-related excess of arsenic proved to be typical for Magadan residents. In Anadyr, the age-related excess of lead was found, in Petrozavodsk mercury, and in Arkhangelsk--boron and aluminium.

Interference-Free Determination of REEs in Electronic Waste Using ICP Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Recently, the demand for REEs （rare earth elements） has been heavily increasing, as they are used in many high-tech products （e.g., because of their specific magnetic behavior）. As a result, the supply situation for REEs is worsening and the world market is depending on Chinese exports, so that it may be worthwhile to recycle e-waste （electronic waste） in European countries. This article describes an analytical method to analyze REEs in different kinds of e-waste with the help of a simultaneous ICP-OES （ICP optical emission spectrometer）. The task is challenging because samples show significant differences in terms of major, minor and trace element concentrations. Depending on the field of application, the level of matrix elements and target elements differs completely, resulting in a wide variety of spectral interferences. The method presented in this article allows an accurate quantification of REEs as well as a high sample throughput. In addition to REEs, other elements of economic interest can be determined in the same way. The development of a sample preparation process is another important issue and considered as well.

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

On Non-Abelian Extensions of 3-Lie Algebras

In this paper, we study non-abelian extensions of 3-Lie algebras through Maurer-Cartan elements. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between isomorphism classes of non-abelian extensions of 3-Lie algebras and equivalence classes of Maurer-Cartan elements in a DGLA. The structure of the Leibniz algebra on the space of fundamental objects is also analyzed.