Axle-equivalent method of steel-deck pavement

An index system of steel deck pavement design is proposed according to the study and classification of failure types. Furthermore the axle-equivalent equation is presented according to the fatigue principle of pavement structures. Based on indoor experiments and theoretical analysis, this paper studies the stress characteristics of three different axle types which are corresponding with the other three typical pavement structures, and also presents the parameters of each axle＇s equivalent formula. The three axle types include single-axle single-wheel, single-axle double-wheel and double-axle double-wheel. According to analyses of influential factors such as climate, environment, traffic and stress condition, the developed axle equivalent formula and the parameters modified by the field test data can be applied in the design of a new bridge deck pavement and the assessment of an existing bridge deck pavement.

Some Inequalities about the Positive Elements in C~*-Algebra

In this paper, we discussed some improtant inequalities, such as young inequality, Holder inequality and Minkowski inequality,about the positive elements in C~*-Algebra.

Spin-Spin Interactions in Gauge Theory of Gravity, Violation of Weak Equivalence Principle and New Classical Test of General Relativity

For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.

The Applicability of the Density Rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer and the Rule Based on Linear Isopiestic Relation

The applicability of the density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer and the rule based on the linear isopiestic relation is studied by comparison with experimental density data in the literature. Predicted and measured values for 18 electrolyte mixtures are compared. The two rules are good for mixtures with and without common ions, including those containing associating ions. The deviations of the rule based on the linear isopiestic relation are slightly higher for the mixtures involving very strong ion complexes, but the predictions are still quite satisfactory.The density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer is more accurate for these mixtures. However, it is not applicable for mixtures containing non-electrolytes. The rule based on the linear isopiestic relation is extended to mixtures involving non-electrolytes. The predictions for the mixtures containing both electrolytes and non-electrolytes and the non-electrolyte mixtures are accurate. All these results indicate that this rule is a widely applicable approach.

ON TECHNOLOGICAL PR OBLEMS OF FABRICATION OF RELIEF DESIGNS BY ISOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION OF THIN SHEET

Some problems connect ed with production of new light-weight filler type are considered for sandwich layers. Constructively, the filler is the folded structure that can be developed on a plane. This feature makes it possible to produce the filler by isometric t ransformation of thin sheet through local bending without material stretching.Th e main difficulty is that the bending must be carried out along all lines of com plex-shaped marking-out at a time. The problem of shaping can be solved by use of the original shaping device that can be transformed in operation. The herein -presented technology of production makes it possible to fabricate parts with d eep relief using a wide gamut of different materials even as the thin-sheet met al alloys and paper.

In-situ growth of silver nanostructure on quartz glass substrates

Silver nanostructure compact aggregates on the surface of quartz glass substrates were synthesized by small gold seeds with the assistance of poly vinypyrrolidone (PVP) and irradiation of fluorescent lamp. The formation mechanism of silver nanostructure was proposed. The results show that both the PVP and the light irradiation are the keys to in-situ growth of silver nanostructure on quartz glass substrates. The silver nanostructure of the substrates which finally grow up to 150 nm after 20 h irradiation exhibits irregular shape, and some of nanoparticles stack to form bilayer. A new broad band appears in the absorption spectra of the substrates due to the interparticle dipole?dipole coupling of surface plasmon resonance response of the triangular silver nanoplate particles, which red shifts 600?800 nm as the particles grow up. The substrates have an emission band centered at 400 nm on their fluorescence spectra, and the fluorescence intensity shrinks as the average size of the silver nanostructure increases. The strongest SERS signal of SERS-active substrate is fabricated after 16 h.

Marchenko imaging based on self-adaptive traveltime updating

Marchenko imaging obtains the subsurface reflectors using one-way Green’s functions,which are retrieved by solving the Marchenko equation.This method generates an image that is free of spurious artifacts due to internal multiples.The Marchenko imaging method is a target-oriented technique;thus,it can image a user specified area.In the traditional Marchenko method,an accurate velocity model is critical for estimating direct waves from imaging points to the surface.An error in the velocity model results in the inaccurate estimation of direct waves.In turn,this leads to errors in computation of one-way Green’s functions,which then affects the final Marchenko images.To solve this problem,in this paper,we propose a self-adaptive traveltime updating technique based on the principle of equal traveltime to improve the Marchenko imaging method.The proposed method calculates the time shift of direct waves caused by the error in the velocity model,and corrects the wrong direct wave according to the time shift and reconstructs the correct Green’s functions.The proposed method improves the results of imaging using an inaccurate velocity model.By comparing the results from traditional Marchenko and the new method using synthetic data experiments,we demonstrated that the adaptive traveltime updating Marchenko imaging method could restore the image of geological structures to their true positions.

Spatially Periodic System with Infinite Globally Coupled Oscillators Driven by Temporal-Spatial Noise

In this paper, we study spatially periodic system with infinite globally coupled oscillators driven by temporal-spatial noise and subject to a constant force. The results show that the system exhibits the phenomena of the non-equilibrium phase transition, transport of particles, and the anomalous hysteresis cycle for the mean field and the probability current.

Adapting Property Path for Polynomial-Time Evaluation and Reasoning on Semantic Web

Property path is the latest navigational extension of the standard query language SPARQL 1.1 for the Semantic Web.However,in the existing SPARQL query systems which support property path,the query efficiency is very low and does not support reasoning.This paper proposes a new existential semantics which has polynomial-time evaluation complexity and an equivalent relationship with the current semantics,and transforms the property path expressions to the extended nested regular expressions based on the existential semantics and proves the semantic equivalence after the transformation considering the RDFS semantics.The property path query engine is achieved by implementing the nested regular expressions algorithm and the transformation rules from the property path expressions to the nested regular expressions,which maintains the syntax simplicity of property path and the goal-oriented polynomial-time reasoning to avoid computing the RDF graph closure.The experiment results not only show the characteristics of query engine based on the existential semantics in efficiency and reasoning,but also further validate the equivalence between the results based on current semantics and those based on the existential semantics for property path after the removal of duplicate values.

Entanglement Criterion of N-Qubit State

In this paper, we shall develop a generic scheme to construct the criterion that an N-qubit state has true N-particle entanglement. For the N = 3 case, we show that violation of the Mermin＇s inequality │ E^LHV （σ^ x× σ^ y× σ^y ＋ σ^y × σ^x×σ^y ＋ σ^y ×σ^y× σ^x＆ -σ^x × σ^x ×σ^x）│≤2, is sufficient to confirm three-particle entanglement.

Fracture prediction in non-isothermal viscous pressure bulging of aluminum alloy sheet using ductile fracture criterion

The failure of AA3003 aluminum alloy sheet metal was predicted for non-isothermal viscous pressure bulging (VPB). Utilizing the coupled thermo-mechanical finite element method combined with ductile fracture criterion, the calculations were carried out for non-isotherm VPB at various temperatures and the influences of the initial temperature of viscous medium on failure mode of bulge specimens were investigated. The results show that the failure modes are different for the non-isothermal VPB with different initial temperatures of viscous medium. For the non-isothermal VPB of AA3003 aluminum alloy sheet with initial temperature of 250 ℃, when the initial temperature of viscous medium ranges from 150 to 180 ℃, the formability of sheet metal can be improved to a full extent. The validity of the predictions is examined by comparing with experimental results.

PBRRI: A Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Communication Model in Distributed Systems

In distributed systems independent agents need to interact with each other to accomplish their task. Modern peer-to-peer computing technologies always concern with enabling interaction among agents and help them cooperate with each other. But in fact, access control should also be considered to limit interaction to make it harmless. This paper proposed a proxy based rule regulated interaction (PBRRI) model. Role based access control is introduced for security concerns. Regulation rules are enforced in a distributed manner so that PBRRI can be applied to the open distributed systems such as Internet.

On Diagonalization of Idempotent Matrices over APT Rings

Let R be an abelian ring (all idempotents of R lie in the center of R), and A be an idempotent matrix over R. The following statements are proved: (a). A is equivalent to a diagonal matrix if and only if A is similar to a diagonal matrix. (b). If R is an APT (abelian projectively trivial) ring, then A can be uniquely diagonalized as diag{el, ..., en} and ei divides ei+1. (c). R is an APT ring if and only if R/I is an APT ring, where I is a nilpotent ideal of R. By (a), we prove that a separative abelian regular ring is an APT ring.

A NEW REGULARITY CLASS FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN IR^n

Consider the Navier-Stokes equations in IRn×(0, T), for n≥3. Let 1 < a≤min{2, n/(n-2)} and define β by (2/a)+ (n/β) = 2. Set α′= α/(α-1). It is proved that Dv belongs to C(0, T; Lα′) ∩ Lα′ (0, T; L2β/(n-2)) whenever Dv ∈ Lα(0, T; Lβ). In pwticular, v is a regular solution. This results is the natural extensinn to α ∈ (1, 2] of the classical sufficient condition that establishes that Lα(0, T; Lγ) is a regularity class if (2/α)+(n/γ) = 1. Even the borderline case α = 2 is significat. In fact, this result states that L2(0, T; W1,n) is a regularity class if n≤ 4. Since W1,n→L∞ is false, this result does not follow from the classical one that states that L2(0, T; L∞) is a regularity class.

A Generalization of Semiregular Rings

In this paper, the concept of generalized semiregular rings is extended to generalized weak semiregular rings. Some properties of these rings are studied and some results about semiregular rings and generalized semiregular rings are extended. We also give some equivalent characterizations of I-weak semiregular rings.

ＱＵＡＤＲＩＬＡＴＥＲＡＬ ＭＥＳＨ

Several quadrilateral shape regular mesh conditions commonly used in the finite element method are proven to be equivalent. Their influence on the finite element interpolation error and the consistency error committed by nonconforming finite elements are investigated. The effect of the Bi-Section Condition and its extended version (1+α)-Section Condition on the degenerate mesh conditions is also checked. The necessity of the Bi-Section Condition in finite elements is underpinned by means of counterexamples.

Fractional Sobolev-Poincar Inequalities in Irregular Domains

This paper is devoted to the study of fractional(q, p)-Sobolev-Poincar′e inequalities in irregular domains. In particular, the author establishes(essentially) sharp fractional(q, p)-Sobolev-Poincar′e inequalities in s-John domains and in domains satisfying the quasihyperbolic boundary conditions. When the order of the fractional derivative tends to 1, our results tend to the results for the usual derivatives. Furthermore, the author verifies that those domains which support the fractional(q, p)-Sobolev-Poincar′e inequalities together with a separation property are s-diam John domains for certain s, depending only on the associated data. An inaccurate statement in [Buckley, S. and Koskela, P.,Sobolev-Poincar′e implies John, Math. Res. Lett., 2(5), 1995, 577–593] is also pointed out.

THE REGULAR SOLUTIONS OF THE ISENTROPIC EULER EQUATIONS WITH DEGENERATE LINEAR DAMPING

The regular solutions of the isentropic Euler equations with degenerate linear damping for a perfect gas are studied in this paper. And a critical degenerate linear damping coefficient is found, such that if the degenerate linear damping coefficient is larger than it and the gas lies in a compact domain initially, then the regular solution will blow up in finite time; if the degenerate linear damping coefficient is less than it, then under some hvpotheses on the initial data. the regular solution exists globally.

THE KACANOV METHOD FOR A NONLINEAR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY OF THE SECOND KIND ARISING IN ELASTOPLASTICITY

The authors first prove a convergence result on the Ka(?)anov method for solving generalnonlinear variational inequalities of the second kind and then apply the Kacanov method tosolve a nonlinear variational inequality of the second kind arising in elastoplasticity. In additionto the convergence result, an a posteriori error estimate is shown for the Kacanov iterates. Ineach step of the Ka(?)anov iteration, one has a (linear) variational inequality of the secondkind, which can be solved by using a regularization technique. The Ka(?)anov iteration andthe regularization technique together provide approximations which can be readily computednumerically. An a posteriori error estimate is derived for the combined effect of the Ka(?)anoviteration and the regularization.

THEOREMS OF BARTH-LEFSCHETZ TYPE ON KAHLER MANIFOLDS WITH PARTIALLY POSITIVE CURVATURE

The author obtains the theorems of Barth-Lefschetz type on Kahler manifolds with partiallypositive bisectional curvature without the assumption of nonnegative bisectional curvature.Some applications of the results to holomorphic mappings are given.