AIM： To evaluate the effects of omeprazole on gastric mechanosensitivity in humans. METHODS： A double lumen polyvinyl tube with a plas- tic bag was introduced into the stomach of healthy volunteers under fluorograph...AIM： To evaluate the effects of omeprazole on gastric mechanosensitivity in humans. METHODS： A double lumen polyvinyl tube with a plas- tic bag was introduced into the stomach of healthy volunteers under fluorography and connected to a barostat device. Subjects were then positioned so they were sitting comfortably, and the minimal distending pressure （MDP） was determined after a 30-rain adap- tation period. Isobaric distensions were performed in stepwise increments of 2 mmHg （2 min each） starting from the MDR Subjects were instructed to score feel- ings at the end of every step using a graphic rating scale： 0, no perception; 1, weak/vague; 2, weak but significant; 3, moderate/vague; 4, moderate but signifi- cant; 5, severe discomfort; and 6, unbearable pain. Af- ter this first test, subjects received omeprazole （20 mg, after dinner） once daily for 1 wk. A second test was performed on the last day of treatment. RESULTS： No adverse effects were observed. Mean MDP before and after treatment was 6.3 - 0.3 mmHg and 6.2：1：0.5 mmHg, respectively. One subject before and 2 after treatment did not reach a score of 6 at the maximum bag volume of 750 mL. After omeprazole, there was a significant increase in the distension pres- sure required to reach scores of 1 （P = 0.019） and 2 （P = 0.017） as compared to baseline. There were no changes in pressure required to reach the other scores after treatment. Two subjects before and one after omeprazole rated their abdominal feeling 〈 1 at MDP, and mean （±SE） abdominal discomfort scores at MDP were 0.13±0.09 and 0.04±0.04, respectively. Mean scores induced by each MDP ＋ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 （mmHg） were 1.1±0.3, 2.0±0.4, 2.9±0.5, 3.3±0.4, 4.6±0.3, 5.2±0.3, 5.5±0.2, 5.5±0.3, 5.7±0.3, and 5.4, respectively. After omepra- zole, abdominal feeling scores for the same incremen- tal pressures over MDP were 0.3±0.1, 0.8±0.1, 2.0±0.4, 2.8±0.4, 3.8±0.4, 4.6±0.4, 4.9±0.3, 5.4±0.4, 5.2±0.6, and 5.0±1.0, respectively. A signif- icant decrease in feeling score was observed at intra- bag pressures of MDP ＋ 2 mmHg （P = 0.028） and ＋ 4 mmHg （P = 0.013）, respectively, after omeprazole. No significant score changes were observed at pres- sures ≥ MDP ＋ 6 mmHg. CONCLUSION： Although the precise mechanisms are undetermined, the present study demonstrated that omeprazole decreases mechanosensitivity to mild gas- tric distension.展开更多
The fabrication of well defined hierarchical structures of anatase TiO_(2) with a high percentage of reactive facets is of great importance and challenging.Hierarchically flower-like TiO_(2) superstructures(HFTS)self-...The fabrication of well defined hierarchical structures of anatase TiO_(2) with a high percentage of reactive facets is of great importance and challenging.Hierarchically flower-like TiO_(2) superstructures(HFTS)self-assembled from anatase TiO_(2) nanosheets with exposed{001}facets(up to 87%)were synthesized by a simple alcohothermal strategy in a HF-H_(2)O-C_(2)H_(5)OH mixed solution using titanate nanotubes as precursor.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation decomposition of acetone in air and methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV illumination.The photocatalytic activity of HFTS was much higher than that of commercial Degussa P25 and tabular-shaped anatase TiO_(2) obtained using pure water as the synthesis medium.The enhancement in photocatalytic activity was related to several factors,including the hierarchically porous structure,exposed{001}facets,and increased light harvesting ability.The HFTS was also of interest for use in solar cells,photocatalytic H_(2) production,optoelectronic devices,sensors,and catalysis.展开更多
In this review,we present a brief overview on the recent advances in Angstr6m-resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectromicroscopy.We first introduce the theoretical understanding of the confinement of light at the atomistic...In this review,we present a brief overview on the recent advances in Angstr6m-resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectromicroscopy.We first introduce the theoretical understanding of the confinement of light at the atomistic scale,and explain how the Raman scattering from a single molecule happens under the“illumination”of such an atomically confined light.Then we describe the latest developments on Angstr6m-resolved tipenhanced Raman spectromicroscopy,particularly on a new methodology called“scanning Raman picoscopy”for visually cons true ting the chemical st ruc ture of a single molecule in real space.Finally,we give a perspective of this technique in various applications where iden ti fying the chemical st ruc tu res of mat erials at the chemical bond level is required.展开更多
基金Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Aichi Medical University Alumni Association, in part
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effects of omeprazole on gastric mechanosensitivity in humans. METHODS： A double lumen polyvinyl tube with a plas- tic bag was introduced into the stomach of healthy volunteers under fluorography and connected to a barostat device. Subjects were then positioned so they were sitting comfortably, and the minimal distending pressure （MDP） was determined after a 30-rain adap- tation period. Isobaric distensions were performed in stepwise increments of 2 mmHg （2 min each） starting from the MDR Subjects were instructed to score feel- ings at the end of every step using a graphic rating scale： 0, no perception; 1, weak/vague; 2, weak but significant; 3, moderate/vague; 4, moderate but signifi- cant; 5, severe discomfort; and 6, unbearable pain. Af- ter this first test, subjects received omeprazole （20 mg, after dinner） once daily for 1 wk. A second test was performed on the last day of treatment. RESULTS： No adverse effects were observed. Mean MDP before and after treatment was 6.3 - 0.3 mmHg and 6.2：1：0.5 mmHg, respectively. One subject before and 2 after treatment did not reach a score of 6 at the maximum bag volume of 750 mL. After omeprazole, there was a significant increase in the distension pres- sure required to reach scores of 1 （P = 0.019） and 2 （P = 0.017） as compared to baseline. There were no changes in pressure required to reach the other scores after treatment. Two subjects before and one after omeprazole rated their abdominal feeling 〈 1 at MDP, and mean （±SE） abdominal discomfort scores at MDP were 0.13±0.09 and 0.04±0.04, respectively. Mean scores induced by each MDP ＋ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 （mmHg） were 1.1±0.3, 2.0±0.4, 2.9±0.5, 3.3±0.4, 4.6±0.3, 5.2±0.3, 5.5±0.2, 5.5±0.3, 5.7±0.3, and 5.4, respectively. After omepra- zole, abdominal feeling scores for the same incremen- tal pressures over MDP were 0.3±0.1, 0.8±0.1, 2.0±0.4, 2.8±0.4, 3.8±0.4, 4.6±0.4, 4.9±0.3, 5.4±0.4, 5.2±0.6, and 5.0±1.0, respectively. A signif- icant decrease in feeling score was observed at intra- bag pressures of MDP ＋ 2 mmHg （P = 0.028） and ＋ 4 mmHg （P = 0.013）, respectively, after omeprazole. No significant score changes were observed at pres- sures ≥ MDP ＋ 6 mmHg. CONCLUSION： Although the precise mechanisms are undetermined, the present study demonstrated that omeprazole decreases mechanosensitivity to mild gas- tric distension.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50625208,20773097,and 20877061)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,2007CB613302and2009CB939704)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010-YB-01)
文摘The fabrication of well defined hierarchical structures of anatase TiO_(2) with a high percentage of reactive facets is of great importance and challenging.Hierarchically flower-like TiO_(2) superstructures(HFTS)self-assembled from anatase TiO_(2) nanosheets with exposed{001}facets(up to 87%)were synthesized by a simple alcohothermal strategy in a HF-H_(2)O-C_(2)H_(5)OH mixed solution using titanate nanotubes as precursor.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation decomposition of acetone in air and methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV illumination.The photocatalytic activity of HFTS was much higher than that of commercial Degussa P25 and tabular-shaped anatase TiO_(2) obtained using pure water as the synthesis medium.The enhancement in photocatalytic activity was related to several factors,including the hierarchically porous structure,exposed{001}facets,and increased light harvesting ability.The HFTS was also of interest for use in solar cells,photocatalytic H_(2) production,optoelectronic devices,sensors,and catalysis.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000)the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies.
文摘In this review,we present a brief overview on the recent advances in Angstr6m-resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectromicroscopy.We first introduce the theoretical understanding of the confinement of light at the atomistic scale,and explain how the Raman scattering from a single molecule happens under the“illumination”of such an atomically confined light.Then we describe the latest developments on Angstr6m-resolved tipenhanced Raman spectromicroscopy,particularly on a new methodology called“scanning Raman picoscopy”for visually cons true ting the chemical st ruc ture of a single molecule in real space.Finally,we give a perspective of this technique in various applications where iden ti fying the chemical st ruc tu res of mat erials at the chemical bond level is required.
