In this paper, we propose a technique for lowering the latency of the communication in a NoC （network on chip）. The technique, which can support two qualities of service （QoS）, i.e., the guaranteed throughput （GT...In this paper, we propose a technique for lowering the latency of the communication in a NoC （network on chip）. The technique, which can support two qualities of service （QoS）, i.e., the guaranteed throughput （GT） and best effort （BE）, is based on splitting a wider link into narrower links to increase throughput and decrease latency in the NoC. In addition, to ease the synchronization and reduce the crosstalk, we use the l-of-4 encoding for the smaller buses. The use of the encoding in the proposed NoC architecture considerably lowers the latency for both BE and GT packets. In addition, the bandwidth is increased while the power consumption of the links is reduced.展开更多
The influence of MoS2 on the tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS2 composite lubricating coating was researched on the UMT-2 fretting abrasion tester （USA） The result shows that with increasing content of...The influence of MoS2 on the tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS2 composite lubricating coating was researched on the UMT-2 fretting abrasion tester （USA） The result shows that with increasing content of MoS2, the hardness curve of the composite coating decreases and the trend accelerates. Under the same experimental conditions, the mass loss of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS2 iS 1.27×10^-2 mg. When the amount of MoS2 reaches 35%, the mass loss is 0.96×10^-2 mg. It can be seen that adding MoS2 phase can improve the wear resistance, the amplitude of which is close to 30%. The friction coefficient of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS2 is 0.23. Adding MoSz could decrease the friction coefficient of the coating and presents a downtrend. When the mass fraction is 35%, the friction coefficient is the smallest （0.13）, and the range is doubled.展开更多
Three earthward flowing magnetic flux ropes observed in the duskside plasma sheet at geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate X~–55 Re by P1 and P2 of acceleration,reconnection,turbulence and electrodynamics of moo...Three earthward flowing magnetic flux ropes observed in the duskside plasma sheet at geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate X~–55 Re by P1 and P2 of acceleration,reconnection,turbulence and electrodynamics of moon’s interaction with the sun mission during 13:00–15:00 UT on July 3,2012,were studied.The morphologies of the flux ropes were studied in detail based on Grad-Shfranov reconstruction method and electronic pitch angle distribution data.It is found that(1)the flux rope cross-sectional dimensions are 1.0 Re×0.78 Re,1.3 Re×0.78 Re,and 2.5 Re×1.25 Re,respectively.The magnetic field lines were asymmetric about the center with field line compression on both sides of the current sheet at the leading region;(2)the electron energy flux data presented asymmetry with larger electron flux and lower temperature in the precursor region.The flux ropes were blocked by the resistance of compressed particle density in the front central plasma sheet and the enhanced magnetic field on its sides;and(3)it is found that the flux rope has a layered structure.From inside out,event 1 can be divided into three regions,namely electronic depletion core region,closed field line region,and the caudal area possible with fields connected with the ionosphere.It suggests that the flux ropes cannot merge with the tail magnetic field lines near the lunar orbit.Especially,the flux rope asymmetrical shape reflects the different reconnection processes that caused it on both sides of the magnetic structure.The events shown in this paper support the multiple X-line magnetic reconnection model for flux ropes with in situ observations.展开更多
The spectral radiative entransy flux and the total radiative entransy flux are defined for the steady radiative heat transfer processes in enclosures composed of non-isothermal or non-grey, opaque, diffuse surfaces. B...The spectral radiative entransy flux and the total radiative entransy flux are defined for the steady radiative heat transfer processes in enclosures composed of non-isothermal or non-grey, opaque, diffuse surfaces. Based on the definitions, the radiative entransy flux balance equation and the radiative entransy dissipation functions are introduced under spectral and total wavelength condition. Furthermore, the minimum principle of radiative entransy loss, the extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance are developed. The minimum prirlciple of radiative en- transy loss shows that the potential and the net radiative heat flux distribution which meet the control equations and the boundary conditions would make the radiative entransy loss minimum if the net radiative heat flux or the potential distribution of the radiative heat transfer system is given. The extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation indicates that the minimum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the minimum average potential difference for the prescribed total radiative heat exchange and the maximum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the maximum radiative heat exchange for the prescribed average potential difference. Moreover, the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance tells us that the aforementioned extreme values of radiative entransy dissipation both correspond to the minimum value of radiative thermal resistance. Application examples are given for the extreme principle of spectral radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of spectral radiative thermal resistance, and the principles are proved to be applicable.展开更多
The nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions is important to the understanding of substorm energetic injections and the formation of ring current. Previous studies show that nonadiabatic acceleration of protons ...The nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions is important to the understanding of substorm energetic injections and the formation of ring current. Previous studies show that nonadiabatic acceleration of protons by magnetic field dipolarization is hard to occur at X>–10 RE because the time-scale of dipolarization(several minutes) is much larger than the gyroperiod of protons there(several seconds). In this paper, we present a case of nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions observed by Cluster on October 30, 2006 at(XGSM, YGSM)=(-7.7, 4.7) RE. The nonadiabatic acceleration of ions is caused not by previously reported magnetospheric dipolarization but by the ultra low frequency(ULF) waves during magnetospheric dipolarization. The nonadiabatic acceleration of ions generates a new energy flux structure of ions, which is characterized by the usual energy flux increase of ions(28–80 ke V) and a concurrent energy flux decrease of ions in a lower energy range(10 e V–20 ke V). These new observations constitute a complete physical picture: The lower energy ions absorb the wave energy, and thus get accelerated to higher energy. We use a nonadiabatic model to interpret the ion energy flux variations. Both analytic and simulation results are in good agreement with the observations. This indicates that the nonadiabatic acceleration associated with ULF waves superposed on dipolarized magnetic field is an effective mechanism for ion energization in the near-Earth plasma sheet. The presented energy flux structures can be used as a proxy to identify the similar dynamic process.展开更多
Bifurcation problems equivariant under the standard action of the orthogonal group O(n) up to O(n)-codimension 4 are classified into 19 classes. For each class the normal form and one universal unfolding are calculate...Bifurcation problems equivariant under the standard action of the orthogonal group O(n) up to O(n)-codimension 4 are classified into 19 classes. For each class the normal form and one universal unfolding are calculated and the recognition problem is solved.展开更多
Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution...Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution.This paper first presents in detail the environmental exposure and flux of Tl by typical industrial activities utilizing Tl-bearing pyrite minerals to produce sulfuric acid.For this purpose,sequential extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used to investigate total content and geo-chemical partitioning of Tl in raw pyrite ores and solid roasting wastes,thereby uncovering Tl distribution and transformation during the production process.Results showed that some portions of Tl bearing in the minerals went into vapor,which transferred Tl into different processes;and some portions of Tl went into water during the gas washing procedure,leaving some other portions remained in the solid slags.More importantly,detailed investigation revealed that 40% of Tl in the pyrite minerals was active,among which 25% of Tl originally in the pyrite minerals was washed into water during gas cleaning process and 15% of active Tl retained in the slags.The latter portion of active Tl could be possibly transferred to the soil or water with the slag deposal or being reused;and 60% of Tl remained relatively stable in the residual phase.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Iranian National Science Foundation
文摘In this paper, we propose a technique for lowering the latency of the communication in a NoC （network on chip）. The technique, which can support two qualities of service （QoS）, i.e., the guaranteed throughput （GT） and best effort （BE）, is based on splitting a wider link into narrower links to increase throughput and decrease latency in the NoC. In addition, to ease the synchronization and reduce the crosstalk, we use the l-of-4 encoding for the smaller buses. The use of the encoding in the proposed NoC architecture considerably lowers the latency for both BE and GT packets. In addition, the bandwidth is increased while the power consumption of the links is reduced.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(2007CB607605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50965008)
文摘The influence of MoS2 on the tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS2 composite lubricating coating was researched on the UMT-2 fretting abrasion tester （USA） The result shows that with increasing content of MoS2, the hardness curve of the composite coating decreases and the trend accelerates. Under the same experimental conditions, the mass loss of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS2 iS 1.27×10^-2 mg. When the amount of MoS2 reaches 35%, the mass loss is 0.96×10^-2 mg. It can be seen that adding MoS2 phase can improve the wear resistance, the amplitude of which is close to 30%. The friction coefficient of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS2 is 0.23. Adding MoSz could decrease the friction coefficient of the coating and presents a downtrend. When the mass fraction is 35%, the friction coefficient is the smallest （0.13）, and the range is doubled.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratoriesthe scientific research foundation of Shandong province Outstanding Young Scientist Award(Grant No.2013BSE27132)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.4103106541322031)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ201112)
文摘Three earthward flowing magnetic flux ropes observed in the duskside plasma sheet at geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate X~–55 Re by P1 and P2 of acceleration,reconnection,turbulence and electrodynamics of moon’s interaction with the sun mission during 13:00–15:00 UT on July 3,2012,were studied.The morphologies of the flux ropes were studied in detail based on Grad-Shfranov reconstruction method and electronic pitch angle distribution data.It is found that(1)the flux rope cross-sectional dimensions are 1.0 Re×0.78 Re,1.3 Re×0.78 Re,and 2.5 Re×1.25 Re,respectively.The magnetic field lines were asymmetric about the center with field line compression on both sides of the current sheet at the leading region;(2)the electron energy flux data presented asymmetry with larger electron flux and lower temperature in the precursor region.The flux ropes were blocked by the resistance of compressed particle density in the front central plasma sheet and the enhanced magnetic field on its sides;and(3)it is found that the flux rope has a layered structure.From inside out,event 1 can be divided into three regions,namely electronic depletion core region,closed field line region,and the caudal area possible with fields connected with the ionosphere.It suggests that the flux ropes cannot merge with the tail magnetic field lines near the lunar orbit.Especially,the flux rope asymmetrical shape reflects the different reconnection processes that caused it on both sides of the magnetic structure.The events shown in this paper support the multiple X-line magnetic reconnection model for flux ropes with in situ observations.
基金supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
文摘The spectral radiative entransy flux and the total radiative entransy flux are defined for the steady radiative heat transfer processes in enclosures composed of non-isothermal or non-grey, opaque, diffuse surfaces. Based on the definitions, the radiative entransy flux balance equation and the radiative entransy dissipation functions are introduced under spectral and total wavelength condition. Furthermore, the minimum principle of radiative entransy loss, the extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance are developed. The minimum prirlciple of radiative en- transy loss shows that the potential and the net radiative heat flux distribution which meet the control equations and the boundary conditions would make the radiative entransy loss minimum if the net radiative heat flux or the potential distribution of the radiative heat transfer system is given. The extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation indicates that the minimum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the minimum average potential difference for the prescribed total radiative heat exchange and the maximum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the maximum radiative heat exchange for the prescribed average potential difference. Moreover, the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance tells us that the aforementioned extreme values of radiative entransy dissipation both correspond to the minimum value of radiative thermal resistance. Application examples are given for the extreme principle of spectral radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of spectral radiative thermal resistance, and the principles are proved to be applicable.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M531344)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.56YAH12039)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41174141)the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2011CB811404)
文摘The nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions is important to the understanding of substorm energetic injections and the formation of ring current. Previous studies show that nonadiabatic acceleration of protons by magnetic field dipolarization is hard to occur at X>–10 RE because the time-scale of dipolarization(several minutes) is much larger than the gyroperiod of protons there(several seconds). In this paper, we present a case of nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions observed by Cluster on October 30, 2006 at(XGSM, YGSM)=(-7.7, 4.7) RE. The nonadiabatic acceleration of ions is caused not by previously reported magnetospheric dipolarization but by the ultra low frequency(ULF) waves during magnetospheric dipolarization. The nonadiabatic acceleration of ions generates a new energy flux structure of ions, which is characterized by the usual energy flux increase of ions(28–80 ke V) and a concurrent energy flux decrease of ions in a lower energy range(10 e V–20 ke V). These new observations constitute a complete physical picture: The lower energy ions absorb the wave energy, and thus get accelerated to higher energy. We use a nonadiabatic model to interpret the ion energy flux variations. Both analytic and simulation results are in good agreement with the observations. This indicates that the nonadiabatic acceleration associated with ULF waves superposed on dipolarized magnetic field is an effective mechanism for ion energization in the near-Earth plasma sheet. The presented energy flux structures can be used as a proxy to identify the similar dynamic process.
文摘Bifurcation problems equivariant under the standard action of the orthogonal group O(n) up to O(n)-codimension 4 are classified into 19 classes. For each class the normal form and one universal unfolding are calculated and the recognition problem is solved.
基金supported by the United Sponsorship of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Guangdong Provincial Government(Grant No.U0633001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20477007)the Guangdong Provincial Sponsorship for Key Science and Technology(Grant No.2004A3038002)
文摘Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution.This paper first presents in detail the environmental exposure and flux of Tl by typical industrial activities utilizing Tl-bearing pyrite minerals to produce sulfuric acid.For this purpose,sequential extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used to investigate total content and geo-chemical partitioning of Tl in raw pyrite ores and solid roasting wastes,thereby uncovering Tl distribution and transformation during the production process.Results showed that some portions of Tl bearing in the minerals went into vapor,which transferred Tl into different processes;and some portions of Tl went into water during the gas washing procedure,leaving some other portions remained in the solid slags.More importantly,detailed investigation revealed that 40% of Tl in the pyrite minerals was active,among which 25% of Tl originally in the pyrite minerals was washed into water during gas cleaning process and 15% of active Tl retained in the slags.The latter portion of active Tl could be possibly transferred to the soil or water with the slag deposal or being reused;and 60% of Tl remained relatively stable in the residual phase.
