我国精神卫生工作的政策性文件——解读《关于进一步加强精神卫生工作的指导意见》

2004年9月，国务院办公厅转发了由卫生部、教育部、公安部、民政部、司法部、财政部和中国残联联合签署的《关于进一步加强精神卫生工作的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》）。在中国精神卫生发展史中，由如此多的部委联合签署，并由国务院办公厅转发的文件，还是破天荒第一遭。这是一份政策性文件，发至各省（自治区、直辖市）人民政府及国务院各部委和直属机构；对于卫生工作者，特别是精神卫生工作者，同样具有指导意义。做业务工作的，应该熟悉相关的政策；关心精神卫生工作的，也应该对政策有所了解。笔者和一组精神卫生专家，参与了《意见》的起草，有些个人体会，简述于下，与读者们共享。

国外政策性银行运作的成功经验浅析

政策性银行是指由政府设立的, 以贯彻国家产业政策和区域发展政策为目标而进行优惠性贷款活动的金融机构。世界各国一般都建立了自己的政策性金融机构, 并为本国的经济发展提供了相应的支持。目前, 我国已经加入了WTO, 并正在实施西部大开发战略,经济金融正在经历着最严峻的考验; 在这个过程中, 如何发挥我国政策性银行的作用, 如何实现政策性银行政策性与金融性的统一, 成为一个急待解决的现实问题。本文通过对世界主要政策性银行的实际考察, 探寻其市场化运作的成功经验, 包括资金来源市场化、业务经营多样化、政府的强有力支持以及保持合理的利润空间。

农发行应实现政策性与商业性业务的和谐发展

随着国家农业产业政策的不断调整和粮棉改革市场化步伐的加快,农发行政策性业务的范围和比重越来越小,商业性业务的范围和比重不断扩大。外部政策环境的变化,为农发行实现政策性业务和商业性业务的和谐发展提供了可能。

提高对慢性疾病预防的优先选择:一个政策性进程

慢性疾病，尤其是心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、慢性阻塞性呼吸系统疾病被忽视了，尽管全球越来越多的严重负担得到了认识，但是他们的事业还远不如此。全球和国家政策没有停止，而且在许多情况下作出了贡献，包括这种慢性疾病的流行。

农业政策性金融支持农业经济发展问题探析

我国的经济战略不仅是谋求经济的快速发展,还致力于缩短城乡的贫富差距,优化社会资源配置,寻求区域间的协同发展。但在这个经济体量不断扩大的当下,城市和农村在经济发展的速度和质量上都有着不小差距。对于农村经济来说,农业是其重要基础和发展侧重点,关系着全体农村人口的民生问题。国家想要挟持农业经济的高质量发展,就应该分析现今农业经济发展现状,积极寻找农业经济发展过程中存在的问题并提出解决策略。在农业的整个发展过程中,和其相关的金融政策会给子重要支持。

刍议药品政策性调价对医院用药状况的影响

我国正在全面推行健康中国建设,为实现中国特色医药卫生体制,不断做出努力。在很长一段时间以来存在着看病难、用药贵等多种问题,我国政府从各个方面实行了多角度、全方位的医疗改革措施,并已经取得了初步成效。我国药品实行政策性调价,是为了逐步建立完善国家基本药物制度。本文从目前的实际情况出发,针对于药品政策性调价和医改措施,分析医院的用药情况。

甘肃:政策性关闭破产国企退休人员纳入医保

目前，甘肃省决定在2008年年底前将全省地方政策性关闭破产的国有企业退休人员，全部纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险，通过中央、省、市州财政补助资金的支持，一并解决依法破产国企退休人员基本医疗保障问题。

基本药物制度政策性亏损怎么办

今年全国卫生工作会议提出，2010年将在不少于60％的政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构实施基本药物制度。根据医改发展进程，估计2011年政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构将全面实施基本药物制度。实施基本药物制度，其中一个主要特征是零差价销售基本药物，取消药品加成属于政策性亏损，其差额由政府财政补偿是无可非议的，但如何补偿需要权衡利弊，笔者倾向于财政全额预算补助形式。

基于海水养殖产品外部性理论视角的发展政策性海水养殖保险必要性分析

本文从海水养殖产品营养素和产量的角度分析其对于我国粮食与营养安全的重要作用,得出海水养殖产品具有极强的外部性,进而得出发展政策性海水养殖保险的必要性。

美国非联邦公立医院政策性亏损补偿方式及启示

随着我国公立医院改革的逐步深入，取消药品加成后，公立医院的政策性亏损问题将引起关注。广义的医院政策性亏损应该包括政府通过法律、法规要求医院提供各类服务所产生的亏损，以及因医疗服务价格政策导致的亏损。

政策性亏损是公立医院亏损主要原因

日前，浙江省宁波市卫生局、发改委、财政局、劳动保障局、审计局和纠风办等部门组成联合调研组，对该市35家县及县以上医院2003～2006年经济运行相关数据进行了汇总分析。2006年，宁波全市县以上医院门急诊1484．76万人次，比2003年增长39．54％；出院病人34．87万人次，比2003年增长39．48％。2006年县以上医院每门诊人次和每床日费用分别比2003年增长7．57％和21．87％，

政策性农业保险产品全面升级

保监会最近召开新闻发布会，宣布对中央财政补贴保费、涉72．15类农作物和6类养殖品种的738个农业保险产品全面升级。产品升级的主要内容包括：

5G SA与4G互操作空闲态移动性管理策略研究

本文主要论证在当前5G SA高频覆盖不足的现状下,与连续覆盖的LTE网络系统间互操作功能,保障用户业务体验的连续性,并基于业务特性选择适合的承载网络,确保用户获得更好的网络体验。

Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management for Demand and Capacity Balancing Under Capacity Uncertainty

This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.

Hybrid aggregation operator and its application to multiple attribute decision making problems

By combining the advantages of the additive weighted mean (AWM) operator and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator, this paper first presents a hybrid operator for aggregating data information, and then proposes a hybrid aggregation (HA) operator-based method for multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems. The theoretical analyses and the numerical results show that the HA operator generalizes both the AWM and OWA operators, and reflects the importance of both the given argument and the ordered position of the argument. Thus, the HA operator can reflect better real situations in practical applications. Finally, an illustrative example is given.

NOVEL GREY DECISION MAKING MODEL AND ITS NUMERICAL SIMULATION

A grey multi-stage decision making method is proposed for a type of grey multi-index decision problems with weighted values completely unknown and attributes as interval grey numbers. Firstly, a method for compar- ing two grey numbers based on probability is developed to calculate weighted values of the attributes. Secondly, the experts＇ evaluation scores for attribute values are presented in terms of internal grey numbers. Finally, a weight solving method for multiple-stages evaluation is proposed. An example analysis verifies the availability of the proposed method. The method provides a new way of thinking for solving grey decision problem.

Multi-attribute decision-making based on subjective and objective integrated eigenvector method

An integrated approach is proposed to investigate the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making （MADM） problems, where subjective preferences are expressed by a pairwise comparison matrix on the relative weights of attributes and objective information is expressed by a decision matrix. An eigenvector method integrated the subjective fuzzy preference matrix and objective information is proposed. Two linear programming models based on subjective and objective information are introduced to assess the relative importance weights of attributes in an MADM problem. The simple additive weighting method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The result shows that it is easier than other methods of integrating subjective and objective information.

Obstacles and Countermeasures for Policyoriented Agricultural Insurance Development in the Context of Agricultural Modernization

Agricultural insurance is a key impetus for agricultural modernization. How- ever, there are some problems on the aspect, including deficiency of law supports and top system design, less recognition on insurance of farmers and low effective demands of agricultural insurance market, huge agricultural risks and insufficient supply from agricultural insurance market, and shortage of reinsurance support and disaster risk desertification, hardly to deal with heavy disasters. Therefore, some countermeasures were proposed, including to formulate agricultural insurance laws and establish specific agricultural insurance management institutions, to reinforce promotion and improve premium subsidy system in order to increase market de- mands, to increase tax preference and operating costs, improve insurance services and enhance effective supply in market and to construct a risk diversification system of agricultural heavy disaster.

Multiple attribute decision making method based on trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables

The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.