目的:系统评价舒适化浅镇静策略(eCASH策略)对重症监护室(ICU)机械通气病人谵妄的干预效果。方法:计算机检索万方数据库、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、the Cochrane Library数据...目的:系统评价舒适化浅镇静策略(eCASH策略)对重症监护室(ICU)机械通气病人谵妄的干预效果。方法:计算机检索万方数据库、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、the Cochrane Library数据库中关于舒适化浅镇静策略对ICU机械通气病人谵妄干预效果的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2022年3月31日。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、质量评价、资料提取后,应用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入22项随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理相比,舒适化浅镇静策略能降低ICU机械通气病人谵妄发生率[OR=0.42,95%CI(0.34,0.52),P<0.00001],缓解谵妄持续状态[MD=-1.30,95%CI(-1.48,-1.12),P<0.00001],缩短机械通气时间[SMD=-1.23,95%CI(-1.57,-0.89),P<0.00001]和ICU住院时间[SMD=-1.06,95%CI(-1.27,-0.85),P<0.00001],降低住院死亡和放弃治疗率[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.22,0.60),P<0.0001]。结论:现有证据表明,舒适化浅镇静策略能降低ICU机械通气病人谵妄发生率和住院死亡、放弃治疗率,缓解谵妄持续状态,减少机械通气时间和ICU住院治疗时间。展开更多
Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no...Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no simple ultimatum strategy which a player can control the return of the other participants.The zero-determinant strategy in the iterated prisoner′s dilemma dramatically expands our understanding of the classic game by uncovering strategies that provide a unilateral advantage to sentient players pitted against unwitting opponents.However,strategies in the prisoner′s dilemma game are only two strategies.Are there these results for general multi-strategy games?To address this question,the paper develops a theory for zero-determinant strategies for multi-strategy games,with any number of strategies.The analytical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-strategy games.The results are also applied to the Snowdrift game,the Hawk-Dove game and the Chicken game.展开更多
As the ultimate goal of education, autonomy in language learning has aroused a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad. While in universities of China, students do not have strong autonomy in English languag...As the ultimate goal of education, autonomy in language learning has aroused a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad. While in universities of China, students do not have strong autonomy in English language learning. The author tries to adopt specific meta-cognitive strategies to facilitate students＇ autonomy in learning by improving learners＇ capacities in study planning or management, monitoring and evaluating in learning to raise their consciousness and ability in autonomy, and lay a foundation for life-long learning.展开更多
文摘Self-serving,rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit.The two-player iterated prisoner′s dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation.It is generally believed that there is no simple ultimatum strategy which a player can control the return of the other participants.The zero-determinant strategy in the iterated prisoner′s dilemma dramatically expands our understanding of the classic game by uncovering strategies that provide a unilateral advantage to sentient players pitted against unwitting opponents.However,strategies in the prisoner′s dilemma game are only two strategies.Are there these results for general multi-strategy games?To address this question,the paper develops a theory for zero-determinant strategies for multi-strategy games,with any number of strategies.The analytical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-strategy games.The results are also applied to the Snowdrift game,the Hawk-Dove game and the Chicken game.
文摘As the ultimate goal of education, autonomy in language learning has aroused a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad. While in universities of China, students do not have strong autonomy in English language learning. The author tries to adopt specific meta-cognitive strategies to facilitate students＇ autonomy in learning by improving learners＇ capacities in study planning or management, monitoring and evaluating in learning to raise their consciousness and ability in autonomy, and lay a foundation for life-long learning.
