目的:分析老年听力损失情况,评价筛查模式研究进展,为基层医疗卫生机构开展听力筛查提供借鉴。方法:检索万方中文数据库、PubMed英文数据库,中文检索词包括“老年听力”“老年性耳聋”“年龄相关听力损失”“老年听力损失”“听力筛查”...目的:分析老年听力损失情况,评价筛查模式研究进展,为基层医疗卫生机构开展听力筛查提供借鉴。方法:检索万方中文数据库、PubMed英文数据库,中文检索词包括“老年听力”“老年性耳聋”“年龄相关听力损失”“老年听力损失”“听力筛查”,英文检索词包括“presbycusis”“age related hearing loss”“screening”,共纳入文献29篇,对其进行分析。结果:纳入的29篇文献中,横断面研究19篇、队列研究10篇,研究主体为耳鼻喉科、听力科、全科医学科、公共卫生科等;常见筛查方式为仪器测听、听力评估、量表等,敏感度、特异性各有差异;大部分干预措施仅限是否使用助听器,而非对被筛查者生活方式、心理等进行综合干预。结论:老年听力损失发生率较高且隐匿,筛查率较低,通过全科医生开展社区筛查具有可行性,如何建立有效筛查模式是主要研究方向。展开更多
Cancer screening is a source of much debate. At the interface between public health, specialist care, economics and policy, it creates tensions between professional groups, politicians, the media and the public. A scr...Cancer screening is a source of much debate. At the interface between public health, specialist care, economics and policy, it creates tensions between professional groups, politicians, the media and the public. A screening test may be cheap, but applying it to a population (with rigorous quality control and effective processing of patients with abnormal results) creates a huge workload and therefore cost. Screening can also have psychological effects on individuals with false-positive results who require investigation but are eventually found not to have cancer.展开更多
文摘目的:分析老年听力损失情况,评价筛查模式研究进展,为基层医疗卫生机构开展听力筛查提供借鉴。方法:检索万方中文数据库、PubMed英文数据库,中文检索词包括“老年听力”“老年性耳聋”“年龄相关听力损失”“老年听力损失”“听力筛查”,英文检索词包括“presbycusis”“age related hearing loss”“screening”,共纳入文献29篇,对其进行分析。结果:纳入的29篇文献中,横断面研究19篇、队列研究10篇,研究主体为耳鼻喉科、听力科、全科医学科、公共卫生科等;常见筛查方式为仪器测听、听力评估、量表等,敏感度、特异性各有差异;大部分干预措施仅限是否使用助听器,而非对被筛查者生活方式、心理等进行综合干预。结论:老年听力损失发生率较高且隐匿,筛查率较低,通过全科医生开展社区筛查具有可行性,如何建立有效筛查模式是主要研究方向。
文摘Cancer screening is a source of much debate. At the interface between public health, specialist care, economics and policy, it creates tensions between professional groups, politicians, the media and the public. A screening test may be cheap, but applying it to a population (with rigorous quality control and effective processing of patients with abnormal results) creates a huge workload and therefore cost. Screening can also have psychological effects on individuals with false-positive results who require investigation but are eventually found not to have cancer.
