AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to Septem...AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7, 2010 in Changhai Hospital. A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview. The patient＇s knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable, and other pre- dictors included age, gender, educational level, month- ly household income and health insurance status. The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior, screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson＇s 2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS： Of these outpatients, 22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study. Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening （OR： 5.299, 95% CI： 3.415-8.223）, have health insurance （OR： 1.996, 95% CI： 1.426-2.794） and older in age. Higher income, however, was found to be a barrier to the screening （OR： 0.633, 95% CI： 0.467-0.858）. An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age, but 41.3% would do so under doctor＇s advice. Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient＇s knowledge sta- tus. Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening （OR： 4.352, 95% CI： 3.008-6.298）, and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach （OR： 3.513, 95% CI： 2.290-5.389）. However, higher income level was, again, a bar- rier to colonoscopic screening （OR： 0.667, 95% CI： 0.505-0.908）. CONCLUSION： Patient＇s level of knowledge and in-ome should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.展开更多
AIM： To detect tumor-associated DNA changes in stool samples among Iranian patients with colorectal cancer （CRC） compared to healthy individuals using BAT-26, p16 hypermethylation and long DNA markers. METHODS： St...AIM： To detect tumor-associated DNA changes in stool samples among Iranian patients with colorectal cancer （CRC） compared to healthy individuals using BAT-26, p16 hypermethylation and long DNA markers. METHODS： Stool DNA was isolated from 45 subjects including 25 CRC patients and 20 healthy individuals using a new, fast and easy extraction method. Long DNA associated with tumor was detected using polymerase chain reaction method. Microsatellite studies were performed utilizing denaturating polyacrylamide gel to determine the instability of BAT-26. Methylation status of p16 promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR （MSP）. RESULTS： The results showed a significant difference in existence of long DNA （16 in patients vs 1 in controls, P 〈 0.001） and p16 （5 in patients vs none in controls, P = 0.043） in the stool samples of two groups. Long DNA was detected in 64% of CRC patients; whereas just one of the healthy individuals was positive for Long DNA. p16 methylation was found in 20% of patients and in none of healthy individuals. Instability of BATo26 was not detected in any of stool samples. CONCLUSION： We could detect colorectal cancer related genetic alterations by analyzing stool DNA with a sensitivity of 64% and 20% and a specificity of 95% and 100% for Long DNA and p16 respectively. A non- invasive molecular stool-based DNA testing can provide a screening strategy in high-risk individuals. However, additional testing on more samples is necessary from Iranian subjects to determine the exact specificity and sensitivity of these markers.展开更多
目的:探讨主观全面营养评价法(subjective global assessment,SGA)、简易营养评价法(mini-nutritional assessment,MNA)、简易营养评价精法(short form mini-nutrition assessment,MNA-SF)及欧洲NRS2002(Nutritional risk screening)营...目的:探讨主观全面营养评价法(subjective global assessment,SGA)、简易营养评价法(mini-nutritional assessment,MNA)、简易营养评价精法(short form mini-nutrition assessment,MNA-SF)及欧洲NRS2002(Nutritional risk screening)营养风险筛检法四种营养评估法对肝硬化患者营养不良评价的一致性。方法:采用SGA、MNA、MNA-SF、NRS2002四种营养评估法对本院收治的肝硬化患者49例进行营养评估,应用诊断一致性检验评价四种营养评估法之间的一致性。结果:四种方法评估肝硬化营养不良发生率分别为:SGA法为32.7%,MNA法为67.3%,MNA-SF法为51.0%,NRS2002法为40.8%;四种营养评估法吻合程度从强到弱依次为:MNA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.671;SGA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.554;MNA-SF法与NRS2002法,k=0.553;MNA法与NRS2002,k=0.501;SGA法与NRS2002法,k=0.477;SGA法与MNA法,k=0.381。结论:四种营养评估法之间的吻合程度,MNA法与MNA-SF法之间最强,SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法之间一般,SGA法与MNA法之间吻合度较弱;SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法之间具有良好的一致性,对肝硬化患者进行营养状况评估时,SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法均可使用。展开更多
DR （diabetic retinopathy） is a most probable reason of blindness in adults, but the only remedy or escape from blindness is that we have to detect DR as early. Several automated screening techniques are used to dete...DR （diabetic retinopathy） is a most probable reason of blindness in adults, but the only remedy or escape from blindness is that we have to detect DR as early. Several automated screening techniques are used to detect individual lesions in the retina. Still it takes more dependency of time and experts. To overcome those problems and also automatically detect DR in easier and faster way, we took into soft computing approaches in our proposed work. Our proposed work will discuss several amounts of soft computing algorithms, it can detect DR features （landmark and retinal lesions） in an easy manner. Processes includes are： （1） Pre-processing; （2） Optic disc localization and segmentation; （3） Localization of fovea; （4） Blood vessel segmentation; （5） Feature extraction; （6） Feature selection; Finally （7） detection of diabetic retinopathy stages （mild, moderate, severe and PDR）. Our experimental results based on Matlab simulation and it takes databases of STARE and DRIVE. Proposed effective soft computing approaches should improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.展开更多
文摘AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7, 2010 in Changhai Hospital. A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview. The patient＇s knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable, and other pre- dictors included age, gender, educational level, month- ly household income and health insurance status. The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior, screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson＇s 2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS： Of these outpatients, 22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study. Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening （OR： 5.299, 95% CI： 3.415-8.223）, have health insurance （OR： 1.996, 95% CI： 1.426-2.794） and older in age. Higher income, however, was found to be a barrier to the screening （OR： 0.633, 95% CI： 0.467-0.858）. An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age, but 41.3% would do so under doctor＇s advice. Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient＇s knowledge sta- tus. Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening （OR： 4.352, 95% CI： 3.008-6.298）, and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach （OR： 3.513, 95% CI： 2.290-5.389）. However, higher income level was, again, a bar- rier to colonoscopic screening （OR： 0.667, 95% CI： 0.505-0.908）. CONCLUSION： Patient＇s level of knowledge and in-ome should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.
基金Supported by a grant from the vice chancellor for research at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,NO. 84082
文摘AIM： To detect tumor-associated DNA changes in stool samples among Iranian patients with colorectal cancer （CRC） compared to healthy individuals using BAT-26, p16 hypermethylation and long DNA markers. METHODS： Stool DNA was isolated from 45 subjects including 25 CRC patients and 20 healthy individuals using a new, fast and easy extraction method. Long DNA associated with tumor was detected using polymerase chain reaction method. Microsatellite studies were performed utilizing denaturating polyacrylamide gel to determine the instability of BAT-26. Methylation status of p16 promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR （MSP）. RESULTS： The results showed a significant difference in existence of long DNA （16 in patients vs 1 in controls, P 〈 0.001） and p16 （5 in patients vs none in controls, P = 0.043） in the stool samples of two groups. Long DNA was detected in 64% of CRC patients; whereas just one of the healthy individuals was positive for Long DNA. p16 methylation was found in 20% of patients and in none of healthy individuals. Instability of BATo26 was not detected in any of stool samples. CONCLUSION： We could detect colorectal cancer related genetic alterations by analyzing stool DNA with a sensitivity of 64% and 20% and a specificity of 95% and 100% for Long DNA and p16 respectively. A non- invasive molecular stool-based DNA testing can provide a screening strategy in high-risk individuals. However, additional testing on more samples is necessary from Iranian subjects to determine the exact specificity and sensitivity of these markers.
文摘目的:探讨主观全面营养评价法(subjective global assessment,SGA)、简易营养评价法(mini-nutritional assessment,MNA)、简易营养评价精法(short form mini-nutrition assessment,MNA-SF)及欧洲NRS2002(Nutritional risk screening)营养风险筛检法四种营养评估法对肝硬化患者营养不良评价的一致性。方法:采用SGA、MNA、MNA-SF、NRS2002四种营养评估法对本院收治的肝硬化患者49例进行营养评估,应用诊断一致性检验评价四种营养评估法之间的一致性。结果:四种方法评估肝硬化营养不良发生率分别为:SGA法为32.7%,MNA法为67.3%,MNA-SF法为51.0%,NRS2002法为40.8%;四种营养评估法吻合程度从强到弱依次为:MNA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.671;SGA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.554;MNA-SF法与NRS2002法,k=0.553;MNA法与NRS2002,k=0.501;SGA法与NRS2002法,k=0.477;SGA法与MNA法,k=0.381。结论:四种营养评估法之间的吻合程度,MNA法与MNA-SF法之间最强,SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法之间一般,SGA法与MNA法之间吻合度较弱;SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法之间具有良好的一致性,对肝硬化患者进行营养状况评估时,SGA法、MNA-SF法、NRS2002法均可使用。
文摘DR （diabetic retinopathy） is a most probable reason of blindness in adults, but the only remedy or escape from blindness is that we have to detect DR as early. Several automated screening techniques are used to detect individual lesions in the retina. Still it takes more dependency of time and experts. To overcome those problems and also automatically detect DR in easier and faster way, we took into soft computing approaches in our proposed work. Our proposed work will discuss several amounts of soft computing algorithms, it can detect DR features （landmark and retinal lesions） in an easy manner. Processes includes are： （1） Pre-processing; （2） Optic disc localization and segmentation; （3） Localization of fovea; （4） Blood vessel segmentation; （5） Feature extraction; （6） Feature selection; Finally （7） detection of diabetic retinopathy stages （mild, moderate, severe and PDR）. Our experimental results based on Matlab simulation and it takes databases of STARE and DRIVE. Proposed effective soft computing approaches should improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
