算计性依赖、关系性依赖和供应商创新能力的关系研究

本文以资源依赖理论为基础,首次从交易和关系双重角度将供应商对顾客的依赖区分为算计性依赖和关系性依赖,探讨供应商依赖对其创新能力的直接影响,并在此基础上验证了技术不确定性和需求不确定性对二者关系的调节作用。结果表明,算计性依赖和关系性依赖都有助于促进供应商创新能力的提高,但二者发挥作用的边界条件却存在着显著差异:技术不确定性在算计性依赖与供应商创新能力之间起着正向调节作用,但在关系性依赖与供应商创新能力之间则起着负向调节作用。与此相反,需求不确定性在关系性依赖与供应商创新能力之间发挥着正向调节作用,而在算计性依赖与供应商创新能力之间却发挥着负向调节作用。

算计性承诺与忠诚性承诺的互动——作为关系长度与机会主义行为的中介

本文考察了供应商的算计性承诺与忠诚性承诺之间的互动关系,以及关系长度、供应商的态度性承诺与制造商机会主义行为三者之间的因果关系。研究结果表明:(1)供应商的算计性承诺与忠诚性承诺之间表现为相互替代的关系;(2)随着供应商与制造商间交易关系长度的增加,供应商的算计性承诺与忠诚性承诺也将增加;(3)供应商的算计性承诺增加制造商的机会主义行为,而忠诚性承诺则能降低制造商的机会主义行为。本文研究结论对于嵌入交易关系中的供应商深刻理解关系长度如何通过供应商的算计性承诺与忠诚性承诺之间的互动关系,影响制造商的机会主义行为具有非常重要的理论意义,并为处于长期交易关系中的供应商通过其态度性承诺来减少所遭受的机会主义行为侵害提供了有益的理论指导。

政治行为对创业成长的作用机理——基于算计性依赖和关系性依赖双重中介效应的研究

中国情境下的企业—政府依赖关系一直是企业研究领域的焦点主题,但鲜有研究从创业领域展开。以资源依赖理论为基础,本文构建了创业企业政治行为对创业成长的理论模型,从交易和关系双重角度将创业企业对政府的依赖划分为算计性依赖和关系性依赖,剖析其作用机理,并在此基础上验证了创业环境动态性的调节作用。基于193家创业企业的量化数据分析结果表明,创业企业政治行为有助于促进创业成长,算计性依赖和关系性依赖在此过程中起中介作用,创业环境动态性在两种依赖关系与创业成长之间均起正向调节作用。

环境外部性非内部化的原因与对策：政府的视角

由于政府的缘故而产生的环境外部性的非内部化是普遍可观察的事实。本文讨论了它的两种重要类型及其产生原因,并提出了一些对策建议,如建立更加科学的考核政府官员政绩的标准体系、以适当的制度保证公民的评价能够影响官员的政绩考核和任命过程等。

制造商态度性承诺对分销商知识转移的影响

研究在营销渠道中制造商态度性承诺对分销商显性和隐性知识转移的影响,并对比分析了在进行不同类型知识转移时,态度性承诺下不同维度的相对有效性.研究表明:制造商的算计性承诺对分销商显性知识转移是正向影响,而对隐性知识转移产生负向影响,其更有利于分销商显性知识转移;制造商忠诚性承诺对分销商的显性和隐性知识转移都为正向影响,但更有利于隐性知识的转移.

Self-supervised learning artificial intelligence noise reduction technology based on the nearest adjacent layer in ultra-low dose CT of urinary calculi

Objective To observe the value of self-supervised deep learning artificial intelligence(AI)noise reduction technology based on the nearest adjacent layer applicated in ultra-low dose CT(ULDCT)for urinary calculi.Methods Eighty-eight urinary calculi patients were prospectively enrolled.Low dose CT(LDCT)and ULDCT scanning were performed,and the effective dose(ED)of each scanning protocol were calculated.The patients were then randomly divided into training set(n=75)and test set(n=13),and a self-supervised deep learning AI noise reduction system based on the nearest adjacent layer constructed with ULDCT images in training set was used for reducing noise of ULDCT images in test set.In test set,the quality of ULDCT images before and after AI noise reduction were compared with LDCT images,i.e.Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator(BRISQUE)scores,image noise(SD ROI)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).Results The tube current,the volume CT dose index and the dose length product of abdominal ULDCT scanning protocol were all lower compared with those of LDCT scanning protocol(all P<0.05),with a decrease of ED for approximately 82.66%.For 13 patients with urinary calculi in test set,BRISQUE score showed that the quality level of ULDCT images before AI noise reduction reached 54.42%level but raised to 95.76%level of LDCT images after AI noise reduction.Both ULDCT images after AI noise reduction and LDCT images had lower SD ROI and higher SNR than ULDCT images before AI noise reduction(all adjusted P<0.05),whereas no significant difference was found between the former two(both adjusted P>0.05).Conclusion Self-supervised learning AI noise reduction technology based on the nearest adjacent layer could effectively reduce noise and improve image quality of urinary calculi ULDCT images,being conducive for clinical application of ULDCT.

Design and characterization of biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses

In order to develop the Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses(MGs)for biodegradable implant applications,the glass formation ability(GFA)and biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ag alloys were investigated using a combination of the calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)and experimental measurements.High GFA potentiality of two alloy series,specifically Mg_(96-x)Zn_xAg_(4)and Mg_(94-x)Zn_xAg_6(x=17,20,23,26,29,32,35),was predicted theoretically and then substantiated through experimental testing.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)techniques were used to evaluate the crystallinity,GFA,and crystallization characteristics of these alloys.The results showed that compositions between Mg_(73)Zn_(23)Ag_(4)and Mg_(64)Zn_(32)Ag_(4)for Mg_(96-x)Zn_xAg_4,Mg_(66)Zn_(28)Ag_(6)and Mg_(63)Zn_(31)Ag_(6for)Mg_(94-x)Zn_xAg_(6)displayed a superior GFA.Notably,the GFA of the Mg_(96-x)Zn_xAg_(4)series was better than that of the Mg_(94-x)Zn_xAg_(6)series.Furthermore,the Mg_(70)Zn_(26)Ag_4,Mg_(74)Zn_(20)Ag_6,and Mg_(71)Zn_(23)Ag_(6)alloys showed acceptable corrosion rates,good cytocompatibility,and positive effects on cell proliferation.These characteristics make them suitable for applications in medical settings,potentially materials as biodegradable implants.

信任与家族企业的成长能力——基于方太的案例分析

本文以家族企业成长过程中对职业经理人的认识冲突与调整为主线,采用探索性单案例研究方法,以方太成功融合职业经理人的案例为样本,利用动态视角,探讨了家族企业能力资源结构与信任机制相互演化与交相影响模型。研究结论表明:家族企业从创立走向成熟的过程中,其能力资源结构经历了自主性到相互依赖再到相互融合的转变;与此相适应,层级信任的桥联机制也由基于家族声誉向算计性信任和制度信任的方向发展。能力资源结构与层级信任的匹配正是现代家族企业得以消除分歧偏误、实现企业与职业经理人专用性资产投入有机融合的重要内在机理。本研究提出了双层信任模型,揭示了层级信任的桥联机制及其与家族企业能力资源结构的交相联系,并探讨了产权控制在信任演化过程中的保障效应。本文的上述结论对于完善中国现代家族企业发展理论体系和指导中国家族企业实践具有深远意义。

网络商店的服务质量、顾客满意、顾客忠诚的关系研究

文章面向网络商店,基于量表,对服务质量各因子与顾客满意、顾客满意和顾客忠诚各维度的关系进行探讨,同时文章探讨了算计性承诺对顾客的情感性承诺和购买行为之间关系的调节作用。实证结果显示,网络商店服务质量的服务水平对顾客满意具有正向的显著影响,而有形性和移情性对顾客满意的影响并不显著。顾客满意对顾客的情感性承诺和购买行为都具有正向影响。顾客的情感性承诺在顾客满意与购买行为之间具有部分中介作用。由于网络商店的转换成本低,算计性承诺对顾客情感性承诺和购买行为之间的调节作用并不明显。

虚拟品牌社群如何创造品牌忠诚?——基于不同承诺类型的中介作用

越来越多的企业通过在网上建立虚拟品牌社群来提高消费者的品牌忠诚，然而其作用机制有待深入探讨。本研究将品牌社群承诺细分为算计性承诺和情感性承诺，检验了虚拟品牌社群的五个价值维度如何通过两种不同类型的承诺对品牌忠诚产生影响。研究发现，财务价值和信息价值主要通过算计性社群承诺来影响品牌忠诚；社交价值、形象价值和娱乐价值主要通过情感性社群承诺来影响品牌忠诚。这一发现具有重要的理论和实践价值。

基于信任和制度的家族企业职业经理人融合——以中国联塑为例

本文以中国联塑成功融入职业经理人并实现企业可持续发展的案例为研究对象,探讨了信任和制度如何交互影响及其对家族企业成长的影响机制。研究表明:第一,算计性信任和制度信任的双重信任关系是消除分歧偏差及融合职业经理人的关键;第二,企业既可以通过包括激励、约束机制等在内的正式制度来固化信任,也可以通过企业文化等非正式制度与正式制度相结合,构建有效的信任机制;第三,治理结构的稳定性是家族企业和职业经理人相互信任及融合的重要基础;第四,家族拥有绝对控制权是融合职业经理人并实现企业永续经营的有效保障。本文从信任和制度的双重视角揭示了中国家族企业融入职业经理人的动态过程,对探索和构建中国特色的家族企业治理机制具有启示意义。

交易成本经济学中的信任问题

威廉姆森将信任区分为三种类型:算计性信任、个人信任、制度信任。组织中的主要信任关系为算计性信任,但算计性信任并不能使交易得以进行。诚信是交易得以进行的不可缺失的基础。

专项投资对机会主义行为的影响——关系承诺的中介作用

本文基于交易成本理论、关系交换理论及关系承诺理论,构建企业专项投资对渠道成员机会主义行为影响的研究框架,探讨专项投资及关系承诺对机会主义行为的影响及作用机制,采用PLS建模方法对244份有效样本数据进行实证检验。结果表明:专项投资通过正向影响算计性承诺,进而促进机会主义行为;专项投资通过正向影响情感性承诺,进而抑制机会主义行为。因此,企业应高度重视渠道伙伴的机会主义行为,努力让渠道合作伙伴感知到企业专项投资表达的是一种长期合作意愿,鼓励渠道伙伴作出情感性承诺进而降低机会主义行为。

中韩顾客关系承诺影响因素的比较分析

关系承诺是服务企业长期维持顾客关系、提高服务企业竞争力的必要条件。关系承诺可以划分为情感承诺和算计性承诺,在这里,将以中韩美发业为研究对象,检验三个不同类别的服务质量对情感承诺的影响,同时检验三个不同类别的转换成本对算计性承诺的影响。这对两国服务企业管理实践具有重要的借鉴意义。

First principles calculation of intermetallic compounds in FeTiCoNiVCrMnCuAl system high entropy alloy

The structural, electronic and elastic properties of common intermetallic compounds in FeTiCoNiVCrMnCuAI system high entropy alloy were investigated by the first principles calculation. The calculation results of formation enthalpy and cohesive energy show that FeTi, Fe2Ti, AlCrFe2, Co2Ti, AlMn2V and Mn2Ti phases may form in the formation process of the alloy. Further studies show that FeTi, FezTi, AlCrFe2, Co2Ti and AlMn2V phases with higher shear modulus and elastic modulus would be excellent strengthening phases in high entropy alloy and would improve the hardness of the alloy. In addition, the partial density of states was investigated for revealing the bonding mode, and the analyses on the strength of p-d hybridization also reveal the underlying mechanism for the elastic properties of these compounds.

First principles investigation of binary intermetallics in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy:Stability,electronic structures,elastic properties and thermodynamic properties

The structural stability, electronic structures, elastic properties and thermodynamic properties of the main binary phases Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy were determined from the first-principles calculation. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and literature values. The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies show that Al_2Ca has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. The densities of states（DOS）, Mulliken electron occupation number, metallicity and charge density difference of these compounds are given. The elastic constants of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca phases are calculated, and the bulk moduli, shear moduli, elastic moduli and Poisson ratio are derived. The calculations of thermodynamic properties show that the Gibbs free energies of Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are lower than that of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, which indicates that Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are more stable than Mg_（17）Al_（12） phase. Hence, the heat resistance of Mg-Al-based alloys can be improved by adding Ca and Sn additions.

A first-principle calculation of structural,mechanical and electronic properties of titanium borides

The first-principle calculations are performed to investigate the structural,mechanical and electronic properties of titanium borides （Ti2B,TiB and TiB2）.Those calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data and previous theoretical values.All these borides are found to be mechanically stable at ambient pressure.Compared with parent metal Ti （120 GPa）,the larger bulk modulus of these borides increase successively with the increase of the boron content in three borides,which may be due to direction bonding introduced by the boron atoms in the lattice and the strong covalent Ti-B bonds.Additionally,TiB can be regarded as a candidate of incompressible and hard material besides TiB2.Furthermore,the elastic anisotropy and Debye temperatures are also discussed by investigating the elastic constants and moduli.Electronic density of states and atomic Mulliken charges analysis show that chemical bonding in these titanium borides is a complex mixture of covalent,ionic,and metallic characters.

Magnetism and Stability of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor (Ga_(1-x)Fe_x)As

Magnetism and the stability of (Ga 1-xFe x)As are investigated using the first principles LMTO-ASA band calculation by assuming supercell structures.Four concentrations of the 3d impurities are studied (x=1,1/2,1/4,and 1/8).The results show the effect of varying Fe concentration on the magnetic and stable properties.

NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING FUZZINESS IN ROUGH SETS

A method with the fuzzy entropy for measuring fuzziness to fuzzy problem in rough sets is proposed. A new sort of the fuzzy entropy is given. The calculating formula and the equivalent expression method with the fuzzy entropy in rough sets based on equivalence relation are provided, and the properties of the fuzzy entropy are proved. The fuzzy entropy based on equivalent relation is extended to generalize the fuzzy entropy based on general binary relation, and the calculating formula and the equivalent expression of the generalized fuzzy entropy are also given. Finally, an example illustrates the way for getting the fuzzy entropy. Results show that the fuzzy entropy can conveniently measure the fuzziness in rough sets.

A first-principles study on electronic structure and elastic properties of Al_4Sr, Mg_2Sr and Mg_(23)Sr_6 phases

The electronic structures and mechanical properties of Al4Sr, Mg2Sr and Mg23Sr6 phases were determined by the use of first-principles calculations. The calculated heat of formation and cohesive energy indicate that Al4Sr has the strongest alloying ability as well as the highest structural stability. The elastic parameters were calculated, and then the bulk modulus, shear modulus, elastic modulus and Poisson ratio were derived. The ductility and plasticity were discussed. The results show that Al4Sr and Mg2Sr phases both are ductile, on the contrary, Mg23Sr6 is brittle, and among the three phases, Mg2Sr is a phase with the best plasticity.