China appears to have a ＂paradox＂ in its environmental management policies. For example, China＇s recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world＇s largest emitter ...China appears to have a ＂paradox＂ in its environmental management policies. For example, China＇s recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world＇s largest emitter of urban waste. Under such a situation, China is aiming to build up a recycling economy by enacting a number of related laws. Despite the development of waste recycling regulations, however, the load on the environment by continuously increasing waste has not reduced in China so far. What explains this seemingly paradoxical situation of waste recycling in China？ It has been pointed out in the previous study on China＇s climate change policies that environment protection falls under the rubric of sustainable development in China. The question here is whether the same story can be applied to areas other than climate change in China＇s environmental management. This paper examines it in the area of its waste recycling policy. This paper conducts an evaluation of waste recycling regulations in China by comparing it with the experience of Japan, China＇s next-door advanced country. It concludes that the waste recycling regulations in China do not primarily aim at reducing the environmental load by reducing the amount of waste but rather for the main purpose of recycling and reusing resources effectively for the sake of economic development.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)of“concurrent treatment of the brain and heart”on angiogenesis and cortical vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF...Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)of“concurrent treatment of the brain and heart”on angiogenesis and cortical vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in rats with focal cerebral ischemia,and to explore the mechanism of EA in cerebral ischemia treatment.Methods A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley rats,27 rats were randomly selected as the sham-operation group,and the rest rats received the right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation for model preparation firstly,and then were divided into a model group,a traditional acupoint group,and a concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group,with 27 rats in each group.In the sham-operation group,only the carotid artery was isolated.EA at Shuigou(CV26),Quchi(LI11),Hegu(LI4),and Zusanli(ST36)in the traditional acupoint group,and EA at Fengfu(GV16),Baihui(GV20),Xinshu(BL15),and Neiguan(PC6)in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group were performed 4 h after the operation,once a day,for 14 consecutive days.Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were identically fixed without any treatment.Before and after treatment,the modified neurological severity score(mNSS),regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF),and CD34 positive expression by immunohistochemistry were measured.The positive protein expression levels of VEGF and BDNF were detected by immunofluorescence,and the mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the mNSS,rCBF,and ischemic side cortical micro-vessel density(MVD)decreased,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the mNSS of the two EA groups decreased,and the mNSS of the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was lower than that of the traditional acupoint group on the 14th day(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the rCBF in the two EA groups increased,and the rCBF reached the highest on the 14th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the rCBF in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was higher than that in the traditional acupoint group(P<0.05);the MVD of the two EA groups was higher than that of the model group,and the MVD of the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was higher than that of the traditional acupoint group on the 7th and 14th days(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF in the two EA groups increased(P<0.01).The VEGF expression level was the highest on the 7th day in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group(P<0.05),and the BDNF expression level was higher on the 7th and 14th days than on the 3rd day(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF in both EA groups reached the highest on the 7th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion EA therapy can up-regulate the VEGF and BDNF expression levels and increase the rCBF in the cortex of rats with focal cerebral ischemia,which may be one mechanism of EA in the cerebral ischemia treatment.The therapeutic effect is accumulated with the effective time,and the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group is superior to the traditional acupoint group in promoting angiogenesis.展开更多
文摘China appears to have a ＂paradox＂ in its environmental management policies. For example, China＇s recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world＇s largest emitter of urban waste. Under such a situation, China is aiming to build up a recycling economy by enacting a number of related laws. Despite the development of waste recycling regulations, however, the load on the environment by continuously increasing waste has not reduced in China so far. What explains this seemingly paradoxical situation of waste recycling in China？ It has been pointed out in the previous study on China＇s climate change policies that environment protection falls under the rubric of sustainable development in China. The question here is whether the same story can be applied to areas other than climate change in China＇s environmental management. This paper examines it in the area of its waste recycling policy. This paper conducts an evaluation of waste recycling regulations in China by comparing it with the experience of Japan, China＇s next-door advanced country. It concludes that the waste recycling regulations in China do not primarily aim at reducing the environmental load by reducing the amount of waste but rather for the main purpose of recycling and reusing resources effectively for the sake of economic development.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)of“concurrent treatment of the brain and heart”on angiogenesis and cortical vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in rats with focal cerebral ischemia,and to explore the mechanism of EA in cerebral ischemia treatment.Methods A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley rats,27 rats were randomly selected as the sham-operation group,and the rest rats received the right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation for model preparation firstly,and then were divided into a model group,a traditional acupoint group,and a concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group,with 27 rats in each group.In the sham-operation group,only the carotid artery was isolated.EA at Shuigou(CV26),Quchi(LI11),Hegu(LI4),and Zusanli(ST36)in the traditional acupoint group,and EA at Fengfu(GV16),Baihui(GV20),Xinshu(BL15),and Neiguan(PC6)in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group were performed 4 h after the operation,once a day,for 14 consecutive days.Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were identically fixed without any treatment.Before and after treatment,the modified neurological severity score(mNSS),regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF),and CD34 positive expression by immunohistochemistry were measured.The positive protein expression levels of VEGF and BDNF were detected by immunofluorescence,and the mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the mNSS,rCBF,and ischemic side cortical micro-vessel density(MVD)decreased,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the mNSS of the two EA groups decreased,and the mNSS of the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was lower than that of the traditional acupoint group on the 14th day(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the rCBF in the two EA groups increased,and the rCBF reached the highest on the 14th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the rCBF in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was higher than that in the traditional acupoint group(P<0.05);the MVD of the two EA groups was higher than that of the model group,and the MVD of the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group was higher than that of the traditional acupoint group on the 7th and 14th days(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF in the two EA groups increased(P<0.01).The VEGF expression level was the highest on the 7th day in the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group(P<0.05),and the BDNF expression level was higher on the 7th and 14th days than on the 3rd day(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and BDNF in both EA groups reached the highest on the 7th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion EA therapy can up-regulate the VEGF and BDNF expression levels and increase the rCBF in the cortex of rats with focal cerebral ischemia,which may be one mechanism of EA in the cerebral ischemia treatment.The therapeutic effect is accumulated with the effective time,and the concurrent treatment of the brain and heart group is superior to the traditional acupoint group in promoting angiogenesis.
