你了解HACCP制度吗?

HACCP制度是餐饮业执行的一种新卫生管理制度,即“危害分析重点管理制度(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points.缩写为HACCP)”。 HACCP是由美国为制造百分之百安全的太空食品而发展起来的卫生管理制度,即“危害分析重点管理制度”。

FDA拟实施新食品制造法规——HACCP计划

食品安全问题,从肉品的监督及生鲜蔬果的农药残留等,一直颇受消费者关切。由于越来越多的美国人更加依赖餐馆及调理食品,消费者要求政府保障食品安全的呼声也越来越殷切。同时食品制造朝向大批量生产的趋势,也引起新的品质管制问题。为了因应这些压力,FDA最近公布了一项提案,拟改革食品制造法规。

Study on Management and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Surface Runoff

Urbanization is the dominant form of land-use change in terms of impacts on water quality, hydrology, physical proper- ties of watersheds and their nonpoint source (NPS) pollution po- tential at present. Urbanization has changed the source, process and sink of urban NPS pollution, especially raised the pollution load of urban runoff NPS in receiving water. Urban runoff pollu- tion is a hot spot of research on NPS. This paper analyzed type, source and harm of the NPS pollutants of urban runoff and its influence on the receiving water. Through estimating NPS pollu- tion load of urban runoff and summarizing the law and character- istics of urban runoff NPS systemically, study on management and control of urban runoff NPS pollution was focused on the applica- tion of BMPs (best management practices). It is a fresh method- ology that management and control on NPS pollution from urban surface runoff was analyzed by methods of landscape ecology, environmental economics and environmental management. The paper provided a scientific reference for mitigating urban water environment pressure and an effective method for management and control of NPS pollution from urban surface runoff..

Trust Management Mechanism for Internet of Things

Trust management has been proven to be a useful technology for providing security service and as a consequence has been used in many applications such as P2P, Grid, ad hoc network and so on. However, few researches about trust mechanism for Internet of Things （IoT） could be found in the literature, though we argue that considerable necessity is held for applying trust mechanism to IoT. In this paper, we establish a formal trust management control mechanism based on architecture modeling of IoT. We decompose the IoT into three layers, which are sensor layer, core layer and application layer, from aspects of network composition of loT. Each layer is controlled by trust management for special purpose： self-organized, affective routing and multi-service respectively. And the final decision-making is performed by service requester according to the collected trust information as well as requester＇ policy. Finally, we use a formal semantics-based and fuzzy set theory to realize all above trust mechanism, the result of which provides a general framework for the development of trust models of IoT.

Confounding factors affect the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly diagnosed esophageal disease in adult and children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease have been established and were recently summarized in the expert clinical guideline published in 2011. In spite of the wide knowledge accumulated on this disease, there are many areas where scientific data are missing, especially in regard to the disease's pathophysiology. Recent publications have suggested that other confounding factors modify the disease and may affect its clinicalphenotypic presentation. Those factors may include place of living, air pollution, race, genetic factors and other. In the present report we discussed and review those confounding factors, the new developments, and what direction we should go to further advance our knowledge of this disease.

Application of a wire-guided side-viewing duodenoscope in total esophagectomy with colonic interposition

Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the mainstay treatment for bile duct disease. The procedure is difficult per se, especially when a side-viewing duodenoscope is used, and when the patient has altered anatomical features, such as colonic interposition. Currently, there is no consensus on the standard approach for therapeutic ERCP in patients with total esophagectomy and colonic interposition. We describe a novel treatment design that involves the use of a side-viewing duodenoscope to perform therapeutic ERCP in patients with total esophagectomy and colonic interposition. A gastroscope was initially introduced into the interposed colon and a radio-opaque standard guidewire was advanced to a distance beyond the papilla of Vater, before the gastroscope was withdrawn. A sideviewing duodenoscope was then introduced along the guidewire under fluoroscopic guidance. After cannulation into the papilla of Vater, endoscopic retrograde chol-angiography (ERC) revealed a filling defect (maximum diameter: 15 cm) at the distal portion of the common bile duct (CBD). This defect was determined to be a stone, which was successfully retrieved by a Dormia basket after complete sphincterotomy. With this treatment design, it is possible to perform therapeutic ERCP in patients with colonic interposition, thereby precluding the need for percutaneous drainage or surgery.

二十一世纪畜产品的发展趋向

一般而言,人类对畜产品的需求依经济状况而定。经济状况直接或间接系于周围的世界,宇宙是一体的,它会将每一件事结合在一起,像人体器官一样。因此,消费者所关切的,如经济成长、生活水准、贸易形势、畜产品供需、食品卫生等。 因此,消费者对畜产品主要关心于:1.国际信息;2.科技;3.价格变动;4.安全;5.品质。 一.世界自由贸易 这个世界正在剧烈变化,由于信息流通、交通便捷、电脑的使用,促使世界变成单一市场,而像人体一样,信息像神经系统,交通像循环,而电脑则像头脑一样。想象一个人的昏迷状态,不能吃、也不能动,经一些时候,改变了神经、循环与脑部,如此可能会清醒而活动过来,有时候,会如以前活动或想象,人类社会变成了无界限的一个市场,正如正常人体经一段时间复健,而这个地球就象一个4.6万亿年的生物体。

美国最新禽畜肉类食品安全检验法规

１９０６年美国国会立法，对禽畜肉食品作安全检验，在１９５７年进一步对州际贸易的禽畜肉类检验规定为必须实施步骤。美国禽畜肉类食品安全检验是由农业部动植物检验单元中的食品安全及检署负责（ＦｏｏｄＳａｆｅｔｙＩｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎＳｅｒｖｉｃｅ，ＦＳＩＳ）...

CLIP: viewing the RNA world from an RNA-protein interactome perspective

The pervasive transcription of the genome creates many types of non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs).However,we know very little regarding the functions and the regulatory mechanisms of these nc RNAs.Exploring the interactions of RNA and RNA binding proteins(RBPs) is vital because it can allow us to truly understand how these nc RNAs behave in vivo.High-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation(HITS-CLIP or CLIP-seq) and its variants have been successfully used as systemic techniques to study RBP binding sites.In this review,we will explain the major differences between the CLIP techniques,summarize successful applications of these techniques,discuss limitations of CLIP,present some suggested solutions and project their promising future roles in studying the RNA world.

A miniature liquid helium temperature JT cryocooler for space application

Along with the development of space science and technology,miniature liquid helium temperature long life cryocooler is a focus subject in cryogenic study.Since it is the precondition of space detection researches,institutions of space in many countries do the research on it.In this article,we designed a compound cooling system.A three-stage high frequency thermal coupled pulse tube cryocooler was used to precool a Joule-Thomson(JT)cryocooler.This system has no moving parts at low temperatures and is hence suitable for space operation.Liquid helium temperature was successfully achieved in both open loop and closed cycle experiments.In the closed cycle experiment,when 473 W electric power was inputted,the cooling system reached a no-load temperature of 4.4 K,and a cooling capacity of 11.6 mW was provided at 4.54 K.It is the first miniature liquid helium temperature JT cryocooler in China and the research achievement paves a way for the space application of ultra-long wave infrared detection and THz technologies.