As the main body of air traffic control safety,the air traffic controller is an important part of the whole air traffic control system. According to the relevant data of civil aviation over the years,a mapping model b...As the main body of air traffic control safety,the air traffic controller is an important part of the whole air traffic control system. According to the relevant data of civil aviation over the years,a mapping model between flight support sorties and air traffic controller demand is constructed by using the prediction algorithm of support vector regression(SVR) based on grid search and cross-validation. Then the model predicts the demand for air traffic controllers in seven regions. Additionally,according to the employment data of civil aviation universities,the future training scale of air traffic controller is predicted. The forecast results show that the average relative error of the number of controllers predicted by the algorithm is 1.73%,and the prediction accuracy is higher than traditional regression algorithms. Under the influence of the epidemic,the demand for air traffic controllers will decrease in the short term,but with the control of the epidemic,the demand of air traffic controllers will return to the pre-epidemic level and gradually increase. It is expected that the controller increment will be about 816 by 2028. The forecast results of the demand for air traffic controllers provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and training of medium and long-term air traffic controllers,and also provide method guidance and decision support for the establishment of professional reserve and dynamic control mechanism in the air traffic control system.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the current status of the development of the smart grid in Great Britain(GB).The definition,policy and technical drivers,incentive mechanisms,technological focus,and the industry'...This paper presents an overview of the current status of the development of the smart grid in Great Britain(GB).The definition,policy and technical drivers,incentive mechanisms,technological focus,and the industry's progress in developing the smart grid are described.In particular,the Low Carbon Networks Fund and Electricity Network Innovation Competition projects,together with the rollout of smart metering,are detailed.A more observable,controllable,automated,and integrated electricity network will be supported by these investments in conjunction with smart meter installation.It is found that the focus has mainly been on distribution networks as well as on real-time flows of information and interaction between suppliers and consumers facilitated by improved information and communications technology,active power flow management,demand management,and energy storage.The learning from the GB smart grid initiatives will provide valuable guidelines for future smart grid development in GB and other countries.展开更多
This paper presents in detail the idea to utilize the advent of smart grid technologies and DSM （demand side management）, to ease the operational requirements of power system operations. Utilization of DSM and smart...This paper presents in detail the idea to utilize the advent of smart grid technologies and DSM （demand side management）, to ease the operational requirements of power system operations. Utilization of DSM and smart grids, to control load rather than generations, is explored. Usually, system security is attained through preventive measures, the system is maintained and prepared in advance to survive credible outages through ＂reserve management＂, for which requirements are specified as security standards in grid codes. However, with the utilization of DSM techniques on transmission level such as ＂direct control load＂, ＂responsive load＂, and interruptible load control, system operations can be shifted towards ＂corrective＂ mode keeping intact the system security.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71971114)。
文摘As the main body of air traffic control safety,the air traffic controller is an important part of the whole air traffic control system. According to the relevant data of civil aviation over the years,a mapping model between flight support sorties and air traffic controller demand is constructed by using the prediction algorithm of support vector regression(SVR) based on grid search and cross-validation. Then the model predicts the demand for air traffic controllers in seven regions. Additionally,according to the employment data of civil aviation universities,the future training scale of air traffic controller is predicted. The forecast results show that the average relative error of the number of controllers predicted by the algorithm is 1.73%,and the prediction accuracy is higher than traditional regression algorithms. Under the influence of the epidemic,the demand for air traffic controllers will decrease in the short term,but with the control of the epidemic,the demand of air traffic controllers will return to the pre-epidemic level and gradually increase. It is expected that the controller increment will be about 816 by 2028. The forecast results of the demand for air traffic controllers provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and training of medium and long-term air traffic controllers,and also provide method guidance and decision support for the establishment of professional reserve and dynamic control mechanism in the air traffic control system.
基金supported in part by the UK-China NSFC/ EPSRC OPEN project (EP/K006274/1 and 51261130473)the Horizon 2020 project P2P-Smart Test
文摘This paper presents an overview of the current status of the development of the smart grid in Great Britain(GB).The definition,policy and technical drivers,incentive mechanisms,technological focus,and the industry's progress in developing the smart grid are described.In particular,the Low Carbon Networks Fund and Electricity Network Innovation Competition projects,together with the rollout of smart metering,are detailed.A more observable,controllable,automated,and integrated electricity network will be supported by these investments in conjunction with smart meter installation.It is found that the focus has mainly been on distribution networks as well as on real-time flows of information and interaction between suppliers and consumers facilitated by improved information and communications technology,active power flow management,demand management,and energy storage.The learning from the GB smart grid initiatives will provide valuable guidelines for future smart grid development in GB and other countries.
文摘This paper presents in detail the idea to utilize the advent of smart grid technologies and DSM （demand side management）, to ease the operational requirements of power system operations. Utilization of DSM and smart grids, to control load rather than generations, is explored. Usually, system security is attained through preventive measures, the system is maintained and prepared in advance to survive credible outages through ＂reserve management＂, for which requirements are specified as security standards in grid codes. However, with the utilization of DSM techniques on transmission level such as ＂direct control load＂, ＂responsive load＂, and interruptible load control, system operations can be shifted towards ＂corrective＂ mode keeping intact the system security.
