Bleeding from esophageal varices (EVs) is a catastrophic complication of chronic liver disease. Many years ago, surgical procedures such as esophageal transection or distal splenorenal shunting were the only treatment...Bleeding from esophageal varices (EVs) is a catastrophic complication of chronic liver disease. Many years ago, surgical procedures such as esophageal transection or distal splenorenal shunting were the only treatments for EVs. In the 1970s, interventional radiology procedures such as transportal obliteration, left gastric artery embolization, and partial splenic artery embolization were introduced, improving the survival of patients with bleeding EVs. In the 1980s, endoscopic treatment, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS), and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), further contributed to improved survival. We combined IVR with endoscopic treatment or EIS with EVL. Most patients with EVs treated endoscopically required follow- up treatment for recurrent varices. Proper management of recurrent EVs can significantly improve patients’ quality of life. Recently, we have performed EVL at 2-mo (bimonthly) intervals for the management of EVs. Longer intervals between treatment sessions resulted in a higher rate of total eradication and lower rates of recurrence and additional treatment.展开更多
Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at p...Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at present, the C2R model and the C2GS2 model have limitations when used alone,resulting in evaluations that are often unsatisfactory. In order to solve this problem, a mixed DEA model is built and is used to evaluate the validity of the business efficiency of listed companies. An explanation of how to use this mixed DEA model is offered and its feasibility is verified.展开更多
The marketing share model of price and advertising in a duopoly market was studied in this paper. Market response curves of price and advertising were presented to calculate the reasonable range based on the market fo...The marketing share model of price and advertising in a duopoly market was studied in this paper. Market response curves of price and advertising were presented to calculate the reasonable range based on the market forecast results. The interaction effect of price and advertising was considered,and the game theory was applied to a two-stage price and advertising competition which involved the market share model. A marketing decision support system (MDSS) was developed and simulation data was provided to give the solutions. The operation results show that the leading enterprise makes higher price,spends more on advertising,and earns more profit,while the small-scale enterprise has to lower the price,spend less on advertising,and has slightly higher profit rate. The system is shown to be adaptable to a wide variety of realistic situations.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intraductal neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (INihB). METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of INihB, which were previously diagnosed as biliar...AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intraductal neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (INihB). METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of INihB, which were previously diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis or intraductal growth of intrahepatic biliary neoplasm, were reviewed. Mucin immunohistochemistry was performed for mucin (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6. Ki-67, P53 and β-catenin immunoreactivity were also examined. We categorized each tumor as adenoma (low grade), borderline (intermediate grade), and malignant (carcinoma in situ , high grade including tumors with microinvasion). RESULTS: Among 24 cases of INihB, we identified 24 tumors. Twenty of 24 tumors (83%) were composed of a papillary structure; the same feature observed in intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). In contrast, the remaining four tumors (17%) showed both tubular and papillary structures. In three of the four tumors (75%), macroscopic mucin secretion was limited but microscopic intracellular mucin was evident. Histologically, 16 tumors (67%) were malignant, three (12%) were borderline, and five (21%) were adenoma. Microinvasion was found in four cases (17%). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MUC1 was not expressed in the borderline/adenoma group but was expressed only in malignant lesions (P = 0.0095). Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the borderline/adenoma group (22.2 ± 15.5 vs 7.5 ± 6.3, P < 0.01). In the 16 malignant cases, expression of MUC5AC showed borderline significant association with high Ki-67 LI (P = 0.0622). Nuclear expression of β-catenin was observed in two (8%) of the 24 tumors, and these two tumors also showed MUC1 expression. P53 was negative in all tumors. CONCLUSION: Some cases of INihB have a tubular structure, and are subcategorized as IPNB with tubular structure. MUC1 expression in INihB correlates positively with degree of malignancy.展开更多
One-Way Traffic synthetic assessing can not only determine the assessment method, but can also provide an opportunity for further study of road systems. Comparing three Road Traffic Planning methods, which are Value A...One-Way Traffic synthetic assessing can not only determine the assessment method, but can also provide an opportunity for further study of road systems. Comparing three Road Traffic Planning methods, which are Value Analysis method, Simple Array method and Step Analysis method, this paper concludes that Simple Array method has one prominent merit, avoiding the complicated relationship of various factors and simplifying the complex problem. Therefore Simple Array method is firstly presented in this paper to be the assessing measure to assess the One-Way Traffic Planning project. Although this assessing method cannot wholly give way to man’s will, through consistently testing on qualitative factors and with the decision-making results of a multi-program, this method is still an effective method. Using an example of Harbin One-Way Traffic planning, with seven assessing indexes including economic benefit index, Simple Array method is applied to synthetically assessing the program. This fully reflects the general function of One-Way Traffic planning program and objectively evaluates the program. It also proves that, as the method of One-Way Traffic synthetic assessing, Simple Array method is rational and practical.展开更多
The paper reported on a small-scale qualitative study on EFL （English as a Foreign Language） teacher education with a two-fold objective, investigating the possibility of integrating the Internet for academic purpos...The paper reported on a small-scale qualitative study on EFL （English as a Foreign Language） teacher education with a two-fold objective, investigating the possibility of integrating the Internet for academic purposes in the context of a pre-service English teacher education programme in Egypt, and suggesting some guidelines based on the specific context of Assiut University College of Education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with some student teachers （n = 10） and teacher educators （n = 10） at the university to identify their personal viewpoints, experiences and concerns regarding integrating the Internet into this teacher education context. For triangulation purposes, content analysis was conducted on 12 online documents. Results reveal some difficulties, challenges and concerns related to the process and some new forms of literacy needed for this context. Based on this, some guidelines are suggested for integrating the Internet into pre-service EFL teacher education programmes with special reference to the Egyptian context.展开更多
Though classroom activities in children English class have been studied by many scholars, there is a lack of real class investigation and analysis on this subject. Combining the observations of classroom activities in...Though classroom activities in children English class have been studied by many scholars, there is a lack of real class investigation and analysis on this subject. Combining the observations of classroom activities in a real children English class with the interviews with the child students and the teacher in that class, this paper presents various classroom activities used in real children English class. Among all the activities of greetings and free conversations, guessing new words, pair or group work, games, songs, chants, making stories and competition, child students prefer games, role play, making stories, and competitions, in which children can take the initiatives; while the teacher favors greetings, guessing new words, role play, and group work. The problem of the activities that children students like the most is that they may cause some disturbance in class. To solve this problem, the author thinks that these activities are better to be put at the end of the class.展开更多
With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English...With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English should be based on the ability of the students. Our country is a big economic country, and the knowledge of English is spread widely in China, but most of its theoretical researches are t^om abroad. We should pay enough attention to the contents of this theoretical research. This kind of situation has also aroused the high attention of the relevant educational personnel. Therefore, we need to improve the self-confidence of the academic theories, strengthen the existing teaching theories and promote the localization of the teaching of English majors in an all-round way, which is also the key point of this article.展开更多
Compared with college students in regular higher education institutions, students in higher vocational colleges have a series of problems, such as lack of study foundation, learning interest and self-control. Although...Compared with college students in regular higher education institutions, students in higher vocational colleges have a series of problems, such as lack of study foundation, learning interest and self-control. Although they have studied English for many years, they still have many problems in applying English. They also have some problems in English learning. Under this background, English teachers in higher vocational colleges must improve teaching methods and stimulate students＇ interest in English learning. Building a teaching model of flipped classroom based on information technology will provide new ideas for English teaching reform.展开更多
An overview of the delelopment of approaches to construction cost and price forcasting since the 1950’s is given. First, second and third generation models can be identified, but they all have shortcomings. This pape...An overview of the delelopment of approaches to construction cost and price forcasting since the 1950’s is given. First, second and third generation models can be identified, but they all have shortcomings. This paper puts forward a new model, fuzzy calculation model, based on lots of data of the finished proiects. Through actual application, it is proved that the model is accurate and quick in calcalation of construction.展开更多
The discontinuous educational thoughts of Bollnow have provided a new perspective for our exploring the growth of Kindergarten teachers and We can rethink the drawbacks of linear development and static thinking with i...The discontinuous educational thoughts of Bollnow have provided a new perspective for our exploring the growth of Kindergarten teachers and We can rethink the drawbacks of linear development and static thinking with it. Kindergarten teachers＇ growth is the unity of continuity and discontinuity. ＂Crisis＂, ＂encounter＂, ＂awaking＂ and ＂exhortation＂ all can break off the continuity of professional growth of kindergarten teachers, put kindergarten teachers＇ growth into the stage of discontinuity, promote the kindergarten teachers to make a positive self adjustment in shocks, and open up a new stage for kindergarten teachers＇ growth. In order to promote kindergarten teachers＇ active self adjustment in shock, and impel kindergarten teachers to step out oftheir＂comfort zone＂, preschool teachers should try their best to overcome the tendency of＂comfort zone＂ and strengthen the spirit of reflection. The kindergarten should create a rich and colorful cultural environment, and establish a cooperative research community for kindergarten teachers.展开更多
文摘Bleeding from esophageal varices (EVs) is a catastrophic complication of chronic liver disease. Many years ago, surgical procedures such as esophageal transection or distal splenorenal shunting were the only treatments for EVs. In the 1970s, interventional radiology procedures such as transportal obliteration, left gastric artery embolization, and partial splenic artery embolization were introduced, improving the survival of patients with bleeding EVs. In the 1980s, endoscopic treatment, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS), and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), further contributed to improved survival. We combined IVR with endoscopic treatment or EIS with EVL. Most patients with EVs treated endoscopically required follow- up treatment for recurrent varices. Proper management of recurrent EVs can significantly improve patients’ quality of life. Recently, we have performed EVL at 2-mo (bimonthly) intervals for the management of EVs. Longer intervals between treatment sessions resulted in a higher rate of total eradication and lower rates of recurrence and additional treatment.
基金Supported by Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National Defense(No, C192005C001)
文摘Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at present, the C2R model and the C2GS2 model have limitations when used alone,resulting in evaluations that are often unsatisfactory. In order to solve this problem, a mixed DEA model is built and is used to evaluate the validity of the business efficiency of listed companies. An explanation of how to use this mixed DEA model is offered and its feasibility is verified.
文摘The marketing share model of price and advertising in a duopoly market was studied in this paper. Market response curves of price and advertising were presented to calculate the reasonable range based on the market forecast results. The interaction effect of price and advertising was considered,and the game theory was applied to a two-stage price and advertising competition which involved the market share model. A marketing decision support system (MDSS) was developed and simulation data was provided to give the solutions. The operation results show that the leading enterprise makes higher price,spends more on advertising,and earns more profit,while the small-scale enterprise has to lower the price,spend less on advertising,and has slightly higher profit rate. The system is shown to be adaptable to a wide variety of realistic situations.
文摘AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intraductal neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (INihB). METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of INihB, which were previously diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis or intraductal growth of intrahepatic biliary neoplasm, were reviewed. Mucin immunohistochemistry was performed for mucin (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6. Ki-67, P53 and β-catenin immunoreactivity were also examined. We categorized each tumor as adenoma (low grade), borderline (intermediate grade), and malignant (carcinoma in situ , high grade including tumors with microinvasion). RESULTS: Among 24 cases of INihB, we identified 24 tumors. Twenty of 24 tumors (83%) were composed of a papillary structure; the same feature observed in intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). In contrast, the remaining four tumors (17%) showed both tubular and papillary structures. In three of the four tumors (75%), macroscopic mucin secretion was limited but microscopic intracellular mucin was evident. Histologically, 16 tumors (67%) were malignant, three (12%) were borderline, and five (21%) were adenoma. Microinvasion was found in four cases (17%). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MUC1 was not expressed in the borderline/adenoma group but was expressed only in malignant lesions (P = 0.0095). Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the borderline/adenoma group (22.2 ± 15.5 vs 7.5 ± 6.3, P < 0.01). In the 16 malignant cases, expression of MUC5AC showed borderline significant association with high Ki-67 LI (P = 0.0622). Nuclear expression of β-catenin was observed in two (8%) of the 24 tumors, and these two tumors also showed MUC1 expression. P53 was negative in all tumors. CONCLUSION: Some cases of INihB have a tubular structure, and are subcategorized as IPNB with tubular structure. MUC1 expression in INihB correlates positively with degree of malignancy.
文摘One-Way Traffic synthetic assessing can not only determine the assessment method, but can also provide an opportunity for further study of road systems. Comparing three Road Traffic Planning methods, which are Value Analysis method, Simple Array method and Step Analysis method, this paper concludes that Simple Array method has one prominent merit, avoiding the complicated relationship of various factors and simplifying the complex problem. Therefore Simple Array method is firstly presented in this paper to be the assessing measure to assess the One-Way Traffic Planning project. Although this assessing method cannot wholly give way to man’s will, through consistently testing on qualitative factors and with the decision-making results of a multi-program, this method is still an effective method. Using an example of Harbin One-Way Traffic planning, with seven assessing indexes including economic benefit index, Simple Array method is applied to synthetically assessing the program. This fully reflects the general function of One-Way Traffic planning program and objectively evaluates the program. It also proves that, as the method of One-Way Traffic synthetic assessing, Simple Array method is rational and practical.
文摘The paper reported on a small-scale qualitative study on EFL （English as a Foreign Language） teacher education with a two-fold objective, investigating the possibility of integrating the Internet for academic purposes in the context of a pre-service English teacher education programme in Egypt, and suggesting some guidelines based on the specific context of Assiut University College of Education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with some student teachers （n = 10） and teacher educators （n = 10） at the university to identify their personal viewpoints, experiences and concerns regarding integrating the Internet into this teacher education context. For triangulation purposes, content analysis was conducted on 12 online documents. Results reveal some difficulties, challenges and concerns related to the process and some new forms of literacy needed for this context. Based on this, some guidelines are suggested for integrating the Internet into pre-service EFL teacher education programmes with special reference to the Egyptian context.
文摘Though classroom activities in children English class have been studied by many scholars, there is a lack of real class investigation and analysis on this subject. Combining the observations of classroom activities in a real children English class with the interviews with the child students and the teacher in that class, this paper presents various classroom activities used in real children English class. Among all the activities of greetings and free conversations, guessing new words, pair or group work, games, songs, chants, making stories and competition, child students prefer games, role play, making stories, and competitions, in which children can take the initiatives; while the teacher favors greetings, guessing new words, role play, and group work. The problem of the activities that children students like the most is that they may cause some disturbance in class. To solve this problem, the author thinks that these activities are better to be put at the end of the class.
文摘With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English should be based on the ability of the students. Our country is a big economic country, and the knowledge of English is spread widely in China, but most of its theoretical researches are t^om abroad. We should pay enough attention to the contents of this theoretical research. This kind of situation has also aroused the high attention of the relevant educational personnel. Therefore, we need to improve the self-confidence of the academic theories, strengthen the existing teaching theories and promote the localization of the teaching of English majors in an all-round way, which is also the key point of this article.
文摘Compared with college students in regular higher education institutions, students in higher vocational colleges have a series of problems, such as lack of study foundation, learning interest and self-control. Although they have studied English for many years, they still have many problems in applying English. They also have some problems in English learning. Under this background, English teachers in higher vocational colleges must improve teaching methods and stimulate students＇ interest in English learning. Building a teaching model of flipped classroom based on information technology will provide new ideas for English teaching reform.
文摘An overview of the delelopment of approaches to construction cost and price forcasting since the 1950’s is given. First, second and third generation models can be identified, but they all have shortcomings. This paper puts forward a new model, fuzzy calculation model, based on lots of data of the finished proiects. Through actual application, it is proved that the model is accurate and quick in calcalation of construction.
文摘The discontinuous educational thoughts of Bollnow have provided a new perspective for our exploring the growth of Kindergarten teachers and We can rethink the drawbacks of linear development and static thinking with it. Kindergarten teachers＇ growth is the unity of continuity and discontinuity. ＂Crisis＂, ＂encounter＂, ＂awaking＂ and ＂exhortation＂ all can break off the continuity of professional growth of kindergarten teachers, put kindergarten teachers＇ growth into the stage of discontinuity, promote the kindergarten teachers to make a positive self adjustment in shocks, and open up a new stage for kindergarten teachers＇ growth. In order to promote kindergarten teachers＇ active self adjustment in shock, and impel kindergarten teachers to step out oftheir＂comfort zone＂, preschool teachers should try their best to overcome the tendency of＂comfort zone＂ and strengthen the spirit of reflection. The kindergarten should create a rich and colorful cultural environment, and establish a cooperative research community for kindergarten teachers.
