Solid waste management aspect is one of the most important challenges facing the local administration in the Govemorate of Najaf. Therefore, this study aims to provide for solid waste management problem by choosing th...Solid waste management aspect is one of the most important challenges facing the local administration in the Govemorate of Najaf. Therefore, this study aims to provide for solid waste management problem by choosing the best locations for the establishment of sanitary landfills in the governorate. In this study, GIS （geographic information system） and MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） were used based on 17 environmental, economic and geological criteria converted to input digital map layers. These were urban centres, cemetery, airports, electrical power lines, oil pipes, railways, roads, slope, historical sites, main rivers, industrial areas, religion sites, wells, military area, electrical power plants, nature reserves and national borders to select most importance sites in the govemorate. AHP （analytic hierarchy process） method was used in weighting the criteria used. All layers＇ maps were graded from 0 （not suitable） to 5 （most suitable） using spatial information scale then SAW （simple additive weighting） method was integrated in GIS used to calculate the suitability index for the studied area. The results indicated that 4.4% of the study region is suitable for landfill siting with grading values greater than 4.0. This included five sites distributed in three qadhaas of governorate.展开更多
Using modern project managementprinciples,this paper analyzes the current state ofmarine research project management in China.Itexplains the function and significance of standardizedproject management,and then puts fo...Using modern project managementprinciples,this paper analyzes the current state ofmarine research project management in China.Itexplains the function and significance of standardizedproject management,and then puts forwardstrategies for the implementation of standardizationof marine project management.This is done to improvemarine research project management inChina,better the level of scientific research intooceans and promote the development of marinescience and technology in China.展开更多
Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the inte...Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the international standards for the research institutions and quality management, namely, Good Research Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GRP-ICM) and Good Quality Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GQP-ICM). Methods: The document analysis, questionnaire, and experts' consultation were adopted to solicit the opinions on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management. A total of 74 experts from 22 countries and regions (including China) participated in the questionnaire survey, and 30 experts from 11 countries and regions received the consultations and interviews. Results: In the survey, 85.14% of the experts (63/74 experts)considered that it is necessary to establish the unified international standards; 90.00% appraised GRP-ICM excellent and 80.00% appraised GQP-ICM goods; and 93.10% thought that these two standards can be implemented or can be implemented after revision. Conclusion: This is a prospective study on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management, with a preliminary understanding of the basic framework, main contents and formulating principles. It lays a solid foundation for the establishment and implementation of the unified international standards for the research institutions and quality management.展开更多
文摘Solid waste management aspect is one of the most important challenges facing the local administration in the Govemorate of Najaf. Therefore, this study aims to provide for solid waste management problem by choosing the best locations for the establishment of sanitary landfills in the governorate. In this study, GIS （geographic information system） and MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） were used based on 17 environmental, economic and geological criteria converted to input digital map layers. These were urban centres, cemetery, airports, electrical power lines, oil pipes, railways, roads, slope, historical sites, main rivers, industrial areas, religion sites, wells, military area, electrical power plants, nature reserves and national borders to select most importance sites in the govemorate. AHP （analytic hierarchy process） method was used in weighting the criteria used. All layers＇ maps were graded from 0 （not suitable） to 5 （most suitable） using spatial information scale then SAW （simple additive weighting） method was integrated in GIS used to calculate the suitability index for the studied area. The results indicated that 4.4% of the study region is suitable for landfill siting with grading values greater than 4.0. This included five sites distributed in three qadhaas of governorate.
文摘Using modern project managementprinciples,this paper analyzes the current state ofmarine research project management in China.Itexplains the function and significance of standardizedproject management,and then puts forwardstrategies for the implementation of standardizationof marine project management.This is done to improvemarine research project management inChina,better the level of scientific research intooceans and promote the development of marinescience and technology in China.
基金supported by a grant from National TCM Project Application in the 11th Five-Year Period (No.2006BAI21B00)
文摘Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the international standards for the research institutions and quality management, namely, Good Research Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GRP-ICM) and Good Quality Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GQP-ICM). Methods: The document analysis, questionnaire, and experts' consultation were adopted to solicit the opinions on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management. A total of 74 experts from 22 countries and regions (including China) participated in the questionnaire survey, and 30 experts from 11 countries and regions received the consultations and interviews. Results: In the survey, 85.14% of the experts (63/74 experts)considered that it is necessary to establish the unified international standards; 90.00% appraised GRP-ICM excellent and 80.00% appraised GQP-ICM goods; and 93.10% thought that these two standards can be implemented or can be implemented after revision. Conclusion: This is a prospective study on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management, with a preliminary understanding of the basic framework, main contents and formulating principles. It lays a solid foundation for the establishment and implementation of the unified international standards for the research institutions and quality management.
