利用新型实蝇多虫态养虫箱饲养桔小实蝇的方法

稳定健壮试验种群的建立是开展桔小实蝇相关研究的关键。根据桔小实蝇的生物学特性,研发出新型实蝇多虫态养虫箱及配套饲养方法,该养虫箱不仅可以规模化饲养桔小实蝇,而且可同时饲养各个虫态实蝇,还可根据需要,随时获取精确到日龄的不同虫态的实蝇试验材料。试验结果表明,使用新型实蝇多虫态养虫箱及饲养方法饲养桔小实蝇时,孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率分别为95.70%、95.10%、94.63%,而使用传统养虫箱饲养时分别为79.50%、85.60%、79.50%。方差分析表明,使用新型实蝇多虫态养虫箱饲养桔小实蝇时,孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率等均显著高于使用传统养虫箱饲养时的效果(P=0.000)。新型养虫箱及其配套饲养方法操作简单方便,且能保障桔小实蝇的正常生长发育,能为桔小实蝇的相关深入研究提供稳定可靠的试验材料。

南极磷虾生态模拟暂养系统的设计与应用

为方便在极地开展南极磷虾的科学研究,设计并制作了南极磷虾生态模拟暂养系统。该系统由多功能可拆卸暂养箱和基于多传感器检测的生态环境模拟控制系统组成。暂养箱通过可变化的分隔结构设计为磷虾暂养提供了多变的暂养空间,极大地方便对磷虾个体、群体行为观察研究。生态环境模拟控制系统实现了暂养箱水体环境,如溶氧量、盐度、pH、温度等多参数的监测和自动控制调节。该生态模拟暂养系统已在南极科考站点试验使用。利用该系统实现了南极磷虾的暂养,并完成了南极磷虾个体、群体行为观察和生态环境参数改变磷虾生态性能变化等试验。试验结果表明该系统可满足南极磷虾在南极科考研究使用需求。

四种立体集约化 养殖蚯蚓的特点

由于蚯蚓在医药、保健品方面的深入开发与应用,国内外市场对蚯蚓的需求与日俱增,目前已有许多养殖场家已发展到商品化养殖,蚯蚓养殖成为前景广阔的新型事业。现就四种立体集约化养殖蚯蚓的特点介绍于下,供参考应用。(1)多层水泥台架利用预制好的水泥板,搁在红砖砌好的台架上,或用角钢做的台架,每层的距离50～60厘米,可以搁3～4层。这种办法是目前搞多层养殖较常用的一种办法。

探讨振兴中蜂的新思路

振兴中蜂之路在于对现存中蜂资源必须立足贯彻"保护优先""自然恢复为主"的方针,踏实推进二元措施,达到保护野生中蜂,维持桶养中蜂,大力发展箱养中蜂的目的,乃是我国现阶段振兴中蜂,进而促进我国整体蜂业的永续发展之路,并能充分体现出中蜂文化的丰富内涵。

Forms and Balance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cage Culture Waters in Guangdong Province, China

In order to approach the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by cage culture and the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus during the process of cage culture, a monitoring was conducted in Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China from April 2002 to Jane 2003. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen （TN） in the waters at the sites with five and ten years of cage culture history are 1.8 and 2.3 times of that at control site respectively. Ammonium （NH3-N） is the main form of nitrogen in spring while nitrate （NO~） in winter. The concentrations of TN, total dissolved nitrogen （TDN） and dissolved organic nitrogen （DON） are highest in autumn. The concentration of phosphorus increases with the increasing of the culturing time, among which phosphate （ PO^-34） increases most obviously. The concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） and total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） are highest in autumn. The nitrogen and phosphorus are accumulated significantly in the sediment of cage culture area. The model of N balance in the cage culture area： bait （70.62%） ＋ fry （0.28%） ＋ input by tide （14.8%） ＋ release from sediment 04.3%） = harvest of adult fish （12.07%） ＋ deposition into sediment （28.75%） ＋ output by tide （56.18%） ＋ others （3.00%）. The model of P balance： bait （83.11%） ＋ fry （0.17%） ＋ input by tide （12.23%） ＋ release from sediment （4.49%） = harvest of adult fish （8.43%） ＋ deposition into sediment （48.59%） ＋ output by tide （41.94%） ＋ others （1.04%）. In one fish growth year, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in harvest of adult fish are only 17.0% and 10.1% of the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in fish bait and fry, wherein 83% of nitrogen and more than 89% of phosphorus in fish bait became marine pollutants.

A Comparative Study of Fish Assemblages Near Aquaculture, Artificial and Natural Habitats

Habitat plays a critical role in regulating fish community structure. Using the data collected from a monthly trammel net survey in Ma'an archipelago off the east coast of China, we evaluated impacts of five different habitats(artificial reefs, mussel farms, cage aquaculture, rocky reefs and soft bottom) on fish assemblages. This study suggests that artificial reefs(AR) have significantly higher species richness, abundance and diversity than mussel farms(MF) or soft bottom(SB) habitats during most seasons, and that fish taxa in the AR habitats are similar to those in the rocky reef(RR) habitats. Two different fish assemblage patterns were revealed in the study area using non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination: an assemblage dominated by reef fishes(especially by Scorpaenidae species) in AR, RR and cage aquaculture(CA) habitats and an assemblage dominated by Sciaenidae species in MF and SB habitats. We suggest that reef fishes play a key role in differentiating fish community structures in the study area. Although few differences in fish abundance and diversity were found between the CA and SB habitats, a more diverse age structure was observed in the CA habitats. A much more complex fish assemblage and enhanced population of local species were established as a result of the presence of both floating and fixed artificial structures, probably through improved survival rates.

Diurnal variation of phytoplankton community in a high frequency area of HABs: Daya Bay, China

Phytoplankton community was investigated in the cage culture area of Daya Bay during a diurnal cycle. Two rainfalls occurred during the course of the experiment and decreased the surface seawater salinity in the aquaculture area. A total of 38 species were identified, of which the dominant species included Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Skeletonema costatum. Water stratification obstructed the vertical migration of dinoflagellates. Statistical analysis indicated that Synechococcus showed negative relationship with silicate and ammonia, which indicated that Synechococcus adapted to grow at oligotrophic environment. Phytoplankton community structure implied the risk of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms in the aquaculture area of Daya Bay.

Promotion of IAA, NAA on Seed Germination of Jacaranda mimosifolia

Seed germination of Jacaranda mimosifolia treated with Indoleacetic Acid （IAA） and Naphthylacetic Acid （NAA） was investigated. Seeds were collected from 55-year-old plants in March 2012 in Chengdu Wenjiang Park in China and sown on illumination incubator at 25 ℃/18℃ （day/might） under 15 h light after soaked 24 h with 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 IAA, NAA solutions. The thousand seed weight ofJ. mimosifolia was 9.039 g and seed average vigor was 32.7%. Germination rate was 13.3% without treatment, and seeds with 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 IAA treatment showed germination rate of 20.0%, 22.3% and 25.0%, respectively, whereas the rate was 18.3%, 20.0% and 23.3% in 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 NAA treatment. There was significant difference between 100, 200 mg L-1 and other IAA treatment, but only 200 mg L-1 NAA treatment had significant difference among others. It showed that IAA could promote seed germination more significantly than NAA in the same concentration conditions. These results indicate that soaking by 100 and 200 mg L-1 IAA or 200 mg L-1 NAA for 24 h, seed germination rate ofJ. mimosifolia can be significantly improved and robust seedlings obtained from germinated seeds.

ENERGY FLOW OF BELLAMYA AERUGINOSA IN A SHALLOW ALGAL LAKE, HOUHU LAKE (WUHAN, CHINA)

The energy budget of Bellamya earuginosa in a shallow algal lake, Houhu Lake (Wuhan, China) was investigated by the measurement of flesh production (32.8kJ/(m 2·a)), egestion (337.7 kJ/(m 2·a)), metabolism (246.7 kJ/(m 2·a)), and estimation of excretion (21.4kJ/(m 2·a)). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 10.9%, which accords with the generally reported value for gastropods. In addition, the relationships between starvation respiration ( R , mgO 2/(Ind·d)), body weight ( Wd , mg in dry wt) and temperature ( T , ℃) were also determined. The regression equation R =0.044 Wd 0.537 e 0.061T was obtained by the least square method, The measured SDA of the species is 26.51% of its gross metabolism.

The Effect of Netting Solidity Ratio and Inclined Angle on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Knotless Polyethylene Netting

Knotless polyethylene(PE) netting has been widely used in aquaculture cages and fishing gears, especially in Japan. In this study, the hydrodynamic coefficient of six knotless PE netting panels with different solidity ratios were assessed in a flume tank under various attack angles of netting from 0?(parallel to flow) to 90?(perpendicular to flow) and current speeds from 40 cm s^(-1) to 130 cm s^(-1). It was found that the drag coefficient was related to Reynolds number, solidity ratio and attack angle of netting. The solidity ratio was positively related with drag coefficient for netting panel perpendicular to flow, whereas when setting the netting panel parallel to the flow the opposite result was obtained. For netting panels placed at an angle to the flow, the lift coefficient reached the maximum at an attack angle of 50? and then decreased as the attack angle further increased. The solidity ratio had a dual influence on drag coefficient of inclined netting panels. Compared to result in the literature, the normal drag coefficient of knotless PE netting measured in this study is larger than that of nylon netting or Dyneema netting.

水泥ISO法强度检验若干影响因素的试验分析

针对目前部分水泥试验室对 ISO法新标准水泥试验室建设的要求认识不够 ,设施不符和标准要求的问题 ,以对比试验数据来研究探讨影响水泥 ISO法强度检验的若干因素及其影响幅度 ,以期引起专业人员和主管领导的重视 ,进而提高水泥 ISO法强度检测精度 。

人工养蛇技术

1.蛇类的经济价值据分析,蛇肉中含有近20种氨基酸,其中人体必需的有8种;此外,还含有硫胺素、核黄素等多种维生素;锌、铜、铁、锰、硒、钴等微量元素也很丰富。蛇的药用价值,主要有强身健骨、舒筋活血、清热解毒、护肤美容、免疫抗病、提神益寿等功效。经加工泡制,做成各种制剂的中成药在临床上很受医生和患者的欢迎。

四种立体集约化养殖蚯蚓的特点

由于蚯蚓在医药、保健品方面的深入开发与应用,国内外市场对蚯蚓的需求与日俱增,目前已有许多养殖场家已发展到商品化养殖,蚯蚓养殖成为前景广阔的新型养殖事业。今年35岁的贾立明早就瞄准了这个行业,从1991年开始养殖蚯蚓,生产规模不断扩大,在天津市宁河县土产公司仓库后院办起了天津市宁河县蚯蚓购销养殖总场,贾立明在养殖中探索,总结了不少经验,现就其总结的四种立体集约化养殖蚯蚓的特点介绍于下。

Phenotypic plasticity Gasterosteus aculeatus ence in captivity of the threespine stickleback telencephalon in response to experi-

Threespine stickleback were used to examine phenotypic plasticity of telencephala in relation to inferred ecology. Fish from derived, allopatric, freshwater populations were sampled from three shallow, structurally complex lakes with ben- thic-foraging stickleback （benthics） and from three deep, structurally simple lakes with planktivores （limnetics）. The telencepha- Ion of specimens preserved immediately after capture （field-preserved）, field-caught fish held in aquaria for 90 days （lab-held）, and lab-bred fish from crosses and raised in aquaria were compared. Field-preserved sea-run （ancestral） stickleback were col- lected from two separate sites, and parents of lab-bred sea-run stickleback were collected from one of these sites. In field-preserved and lab-held fish, the telencephala of limnetics exhibited triangular dorsal shape, while those of benthics and sea-run fish had rounder shapes. No such pattern was detected in lab-bred fish. Within each treatment type, benthics had larger relative telencephalon sizes, using overall brain size as the covariate, than limnetics. Among field-preserved samples, sea-run fish had smaller telencephalon sizes than lake fish. Intra-population analyses of lake samples showed that field-preserved fish consis- tently had larger relative telencephalon sizes than lab-bred fish. The opposite was true of the sea-run population. In a separate study using one benthic population and one limnetic population, samples were preserved in the field immediately or held in the lab for 30, 60, and 90 days before they were sacrificed. In both populations, the telencephalon shapes of lab-held fish were similar to those of field-preserved fish but became progressively more like lab-bred ones over 90 days. In contrast, relative telencephalon size decreased dramatically by 30 days after which there was littie change. In freshwater threespine stickleback, the telencephalon exhibits considerable phenotypic plasticity, which was probably present in the ancestor [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 189-210, 2012].