从《本草图经》米部特色谈守正为民精神

依据《本草图经》米部卷收录的内容,从鉴定翔实、引经据典、本草博物、注重服食禁忌、民生农事的编撰特色阐释守正为民精神。守正为民精神体现在守道德之正、守文化之正、守正创新、爱民为民及以民为本。米部卷的收录与编撰特点反映出苏颂守正为民的精神,继承发扬苏颂精神,有利于弘扬中医药文化。

近代汉语米部俗字辑考十一则

文章考释了近代汉语文献中的“[米术]”“[米耳]”“[米 ]”“[米產]”“[米算]”等十一则古今字书失收的俗字。结论有助于辞书修订和字库建设,也为总结近代汉语俗字产生的原因、类型等提供了相关素材。

EFFECT OF INHALED NANO-TiO_2 ON LUNG AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF MICE

The effect of inhaled nano-TiO2 on lung histology and serum biochemical indexes is evaluated in healthy and adult Kunming mice（eight in each group）after exposure to TiO2 aerosols（1 500 mg/m3）in a sealed chamber.Another eight mice are exposed to indoor air to be served as a control group.Lung tissue and blood are collected after euthanizing the animals.The results show that lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）activity increases in all experimental groups.Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）activity and blood urea nitrogen（BUN）levels are increased in the group exposed to TiO2 aerosols for 28 d,and creatinine（Cr）levels are increased in 14 d and 28 d samples（P0.05）.No obvious changes are observed in other serum indexes.Lungs of mice exposed to 28 d exposure show significant but moderate increase in pulmonary inflammation,and many TiO2 particles are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli.

Mechanical properties of strengthened surface layer in Ti-6Al-4V alloy induced by wet peening treatment

A modified surface layer was formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by wet peening treatment. The variations of the residual stress,nano-hardness and microstructure of the modified layer with depth from surface were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis,nano-indentation analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. The results show thatboth the compressive residual stress and hardness decrease with increasing depth, and the termination depths are 160 and 80 μm,respectively. The microstructure observation indicates that within 80 μm, the compressive residual stress and the hardness areenhanced by the co-action of the grain refinement strengthening and dislocation strengthening. Within 80–160 μm, the compressiveresidual stress mainly derives from the dislocation strengthening. The strengthened layer in Ti-6Al-4V alloy after wet peeningtreatment was quantitatively analyzed by a revised equation with respect to a relation between hardness and yield strength.

Combining Ability Analysis of Panicle Traits in Six CIMMYT Maize Inbred Lines

In this study, six CIMMYT maize inbred lines and five representative do- mestic maize inbred lines were used as parental lines. By using incomplete diallel cross design, 30 hybrid combinations were developed to analyze the general com- bining ability （GCA）, specific combining ability （SCA） and total combining ability （TCA） of seven panicle traits in six CIMMYT maize inbred lines. The results showed that CIMBL98 and GEMS13 were excellent inbred lines with good compre- hensive performance; CIMBL98 × 340 and GEMS13×Chang 7-2 were superior combinations.

Combining Ability and Correlation of Ear Characteristics of Twenty Maize Inbred Lines

The combining ability and correlation of eight ear characteristics in 99 maize hybrids generated by crossing nine female parents with 11 male parents were analyzed by incomplete diallel cross （NC II ） design. The results showed that the line F6 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） for yield, followed by F7, M3, M4 and M8. All of the five lines have great potential in maize breeding. The cross combination M3xF10 had the highest specific combining ability （SCA） for yield, showing strong heterosis. Heritability analysis of ear characteristics showed that GCA variance was higher than SCA variance in ear diameter, number of rows per ear and seed rate, and they were mainly controlled by the additive gene effect, indicating that that the selections for these traits are effective at early generations. The other three traits had lower SCA, for which the selections should be carried out at late generations. The correlation analysis revealed that ear length, number of grains per row, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, 100-seed weight and seed rate had extremely significant positive correlations with grain yield per plant. Among them, number of grains per row had the most significant effect on yield per plant. Barren tip length had a significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Therefore, we concluded that the combinations with more grains per row and shorter barren tip should be selected to achieve high yield of maize.

Enhancement of NH_4^+ Uptake by NO_3^- in Relation to Expression of Nitrate-Induced Genes in Rice (Oryza sativa) Roots

This study aimed to survey the expression of genes involved in rice N uptake and aasimilatory network and to understand the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the NO3^-enhanced NH4^＋ uptake. By using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, the genes related to N nutrition, including ammonium transporters （AMTs） and ammonium assimilatory enzymes （GS and GOGAT）, were transcriptionally analyzed in rice plants grown in the absence and presence of NO4^- in the NH4^＋-containing medium. The results showed that NH4^＋ uptake by rice was enhanced by the NO3^- supply to the medium. At the same time and in parallel, the amount of transcripts of seven genes （OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2, OsAMT4;1, OsGLNP, OsGLU1, OsGLT1, and OsGLTP） was increased in rice roots, but the expression of two genes （OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;P） was decreased and that of OsAMT1;3 remained without change. Up- or downregulation of these genes involved in NH4^＋ uptake and assimilation correlated with the increase in NH4^＋ uptake in the presence of NO3^- in rice roots.

Inhalation treatment of lung cancer: the influence of composition, size and shape of nanocarriers on their lung accumulation and retention

Objective： Various nanoparticles have been designed and tested in order to select optimal carriers for the inhalation delivery ofanticancer drugs to the lungs. Methods： q-he following nanocarriers were studied： micelles, liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs）, poly propyleneimine （PPI） dendrimer-siRNA complexes nanoparticles, quantum dots （QDs）, and poly （ethylene glycol） polymers. All particles were characterized using the following methods： dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy, in vitro cyto- and genotoxicity. In vivo organ distribution of all nanopartides, retention in the lungs, and anticancer effects of liposomes loaded with doxorubicin were examined in nude mice after the pulmonary or intravenous delivery. Results： Significant differences in lung uptake were found after the inhalation delivery of lipid-based and non-lipid-based nanoparticles. The accumulation ofliposomes and miceUes in lungs remained relatively high even 24 h after inhalation when compared with MSNs, Q Ds, and PPI dendrimers. There were notable differences between nanoparticle accumulation in the lungs and other organs 1 and 3 h after inhalation or intravenous administrations, but 24 h after intravenous injection all nanoparticles were mainly accumulated in the liver, kidneys, and spleen. Inhalation delivery of doxorubicin by liposomes significantly enhanced its anticancer effect and prevented severe adverse side effects of the treatment in mice bearing the orthotopic model of lung cancer. Conclusion： The results of the study demonstrate that lipid-based nanocarriers had considerably higher accumulation and longer retention time in the lungs when compared with non-lipid-based carriers after the inhalation delivery. These particles are most suitable for effective inhalation treatment of lung cancer.

Enhancing Maize Grain Yield in Acid Soils of Western Kenya Using Aluminium Tolerant Germplasm

Maize （Zea mays L.） is one of the world＇s most important cereals and is a staple food for many people in developing countries. However, in acid soils （pH 〈 5.5）, its productivity is limited by aluminium （AI） toxicity, besides other factors. The objectives of this study were to： develop AI tolerant maize inbred lines for a maize breeding program in Kenya, develop single cross hybrids （SCHs） from some of the tolerant inbred lines and determine AI tolerance levels of the SCHs. One hundred and seventy five inbreds and 49 SCHs were developed and screened in nutrient culture containing 0 or 222μM using Relative Net Root Growth （RNRG）, hematoxylin staining （HS） and under AI saturated field conditions （44%-45.6%） at Sega and Chepkoilel. Seedling root growth was inhibited in 95% of the inbreds. F hybrids obtained from inbreds varying in A1 tolerance, exhibited tolerance equal to or greater than that of the more tolerant parent indicating a positive transgressive inheritance to AI toxicity. Fifty eight percent of the F SCHs were heterotic for tolerance to AI toxicity. AI tolerance estimated by RNRG was well correlated to that of HS （r2 = 0.88, P 〈 0.005） but minimally correlated with the field estimates （r2 = 0.24-0.35）, implying that RNRG can predict field selection under AI toxic soils by between 24% and 35%. Plant breeders should therefore employ both approaches in selecting cultivars under AI stress. This study has developed and identified A1 tolerant inbreds and SCHs for use in the acid soils of Kenya and similar regions.

On the Out-of-Plane Vibration of Rotating Circular Nanoplates

A rotating axisymmetric circular nanoplate is modeled by the Mindlin plate theory.The Mindlin plate theory incorporates the nonlocal scale and strain gradient effects.The shear deformation of the circular nanoplate is considered and the nonlocal strain gradient theory is utilized to derive the governing differential equation of motion that describes the out-of-plane free vibration behaviors of the nanoplate.The differential quadrature method is used to solve the governing equation numerically,and the natural frequencies of the out-of-plane vibration of rotating nanoplates are obtained accordingly.Two kinds of boundary conditions are commonly used in practical engineering,namely the fixed and simply supported constraints,and are considered in numerical examples.The variations of natural frequencies with respect to the thickness to radius ratio,the angular velocity,the nonlocal characteristic scale and the material characteristic scale are analyzed in detail.In particular,the critical angular velocity that measures whether the rotating circular nanoplate is stable or not is obtained numerically.The presented study has reference significance for the dynamic design and control of rotating circular nanostructures in current nano-technologies and nano-devices.

Reflection of thermo-elastic wave in semiconductor nanostructures nonlocal porous medium

The current work is an extension of the nonlocal elasticity theory to fractional order thermo-elasticity in semiconducting nanostructure medium with voids.The analysis is made on the reflection phenomena in context of three-phase-lag thermo-elastic model.It is observed that,four-coupled longitudinal waves and an independent shear vertical wave exist in the medium which is dispersive in nature.It is seen that longitudinal waves are damped,and shear wave is un-damped when angular frequency is less than the cut-off frequency.The voids,thermal and non-local parameter affect the dilatational waves whereas shear wave is only depending upon non-local parameter.It is found that reflection coefficients are affected by nonlocal and fractional order parameters.Reflection coefficients are calculated analytically and computed numerically for a material,silicon and discussed graphically in details.The results for local(classical)theory are obtained as a special case.The study may be useful in semiconductor nanostructure,geology and seismology in addition to semiconductor nanostructure devices.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Aromatic Rice in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains

Most of the aromatic rice cultivars are susceptible to disease, insect-pest attack and are more prone to lodging. Therefore, nitrogen is the key input for increasing the productivity of aromatic rice. Research analyzing the effects of N level on yield and quality characteristics of modem aromatic cultivars in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains is not well documented. Therefore, the present study was conducted to optimise the N levels for higher yield and better quality of the modem aromatic rice cultivars. The mean grain yield increased by 22.5% when plots were supplemented with 40 kg/ha of N application as compared to control （unfertilized）. Among cultivars, Punjab Mehak 1 registered highest yield （5.3 t/ha） followed by Pusa Basmati 1121 （4.78 t/ha） and Punjab Basmati 2 （4.66 t/ha） respectively. Interactive effect between N levels and cultivars on grain yield revealed that in Punjab Mehak l, grain yield responded significantly up to 60 kg/ha of N application as compared to Pusa Basmati 1121 and Punjab Basmati 2 where it responded only upto 40 kg/ha of N application. All the quality characteristic found to be improved with N application, whereas amylose content decreased with 60 kg/ha of N application as compared to 20 and 40 kg/ha of N application.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Used in the Control of Striga in Maize by Smallholder Farmers of Western Kenya

The production of maize is constrained by parasitic weeds, particularly Striga. A study was carried out to document farmers＇ knowledge, attitude and practices on Striga control among smallholder farmers across three districts： Kisumu West, Busia and Teso South of Western Kenya. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the locations and farmers to be interviewed. A semi structured, open and closed ended questionnaire was administered leading to field experiment. Besides village meetings （39.2%）, farmers got informed on farming methods under Striga weed farms and its control technologies through neighbours （2.5%）, workshops and trainings （5.0%）, field schools （3.7%）, media （7.5%） and extension agents （10.8%）. The attitudes of farmers towards Striga control varied but frequently cited： long term viability of the Striga seed （12.5%）, difficult to control sharing of farm tools （10.8%）, expensive technologies （13.3%）, lack of adequate information （18.3%）, labour intensive （15.0%）, large farms for use of push and pull technology （1.7%） and time consuming （12.5%）. Framers used various Striga control practices but traditional methods （25%） were among the most used （25%）. Concerted effort involving researchers, extension agents and private sector are, therefore, required for wide scale dissemination and adoption of the existing modem control technologies.

Assessing the Impact of Year 2012 Drought on Corn Yield in the US Corn Belt Using Precipitation Data

Extreme weather and climate events are likely to cause disastrous consequences for agriculture and food security. This study investigated the impacts of drought in year 2012 on corn yield in the United States Corn Belt by integrating county-level crop yield data from the USDA NASS Quick Stats database and precipitation data from the NCDC GHCN-Daily database. It is found that precipitation over an 8-week period in corn growth stages is critical for corn yield, the logarithm of precipitation during the period explained 55% of corn yield variation. The results indicated the importance of water supply in corn silking stage, and provided an approach to assess the impacts of drought on corn yield quantitatively.

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activity of the Aerial Part of Pseudocytisus integrifofius （Salisb） Rehder on Grain Borer, Rhyzopertha dominica Fab, （Bostrychidae） and Wheat Weevil, Sitophilus granarius Linn, （Curculionidae）

This study aims to evaluate the potentialities of Pseudocytisus integrifolius （Salisb） Rehder （Brassicaceae） as a botanical insecticide for the protection of stored wheat against two pests of stored grain. The essential oil of Pseudoeytisus integrifolius was tested at different doses on adults of Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. （Bostrychidae） and Sitophilus granarius Linn. （Curculionidae）, at a temperature of 28 ~C and a relative humidity of 75%. This oil has insecticidal activity and gives, for the studied adults, a very significant reduction. The essential oil extracted from Pseudocytisus integrifolius is toxic on Rhyzopertha dominica with LDs0 = 2.61 ~tL/30g grain and LDs0 = 3.99 ~L/30g grain for Sitophilus granarius, the chemical composition analysis shows the richness of the essential oil compounds known for their insecticidal properties as dimethyl disulfide （DMDS） and dimethyl trisulfide explains the results.

Spectral Theorem of Many-Body Green's Functions When Complex Eigenvalues Appear

In this paper, an extended spectral theorem is given, which enables one to calculate the correlation functions when complex eigenvalues appear. To do so, a Fourier transformation with a complex argument is utilized. We treat all the Matsbara frequencies, including Fermionic and Bosonic frequencies, on an equal footing. It is pointed out that when complex eigenvalues appear, the dissipation of a system cannot simply be ascribed to the pure imaginary part of the Green function. Therefore, the use of the name fluctuation-dissipation theorem should be careful.

Correlation of Shear Viscosity of Nanofluids Using the Local Composition Theory

In this study,a new method is presented to correlate the shear viscosity of nanofluids by local composition theory.The Eyring theory and nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL)equation are used for this purpose.The effects of temperature and particle volume concentration on the viscosity are investigated.The adjustable parameters of NRTL equation are obtained by fitting with experimental data.The calculated shear viscosities for nanofluids of CuO/water with 29 nm particle size,Al2O3/water with two different particle diameters,36 nm and 47 nm,and CuO/(ethylene glycol,water)are compared with experimental data and the average absolute deviation(AAD)is 1.2%,while the results from some conventional models yield an AAD of 190%.The results of this study are in excellent agreement with experimental data.

Departure from Indigenous Land Use System and the Consequential Impacts： A Case of Cuvelai Basin, North-Central Namibia

The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country＇s population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.

Simulation of Influence of Partially Coherent Gaussian Laser Beam on Gradient Force Acting on Dielectric Nanoparticle inside Random Medium

The partially coherent beams propagating through random media have been used in the past to enhance effect of nonlinear optical interaction. Moreover, after propagation through a random （or turbulent） medium the coherent beam becomes a partially coherent one. In this research, the analytical formula for the average intensity of Gaussian beam propagating through random medium is derived and the influence of coherent partiality on optical gradient force acting on dielectric particle rounded by a random media is investigated.

Resonant Continuum in Extended RMF Plus BCS Approximation

The contribution of the resonant continuum to pairing correlations is investigated in the relativistic mean field theory plus Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) approximation with a constant pairing strength. The resonance states with their widths in the continuum are considered explicitly. The numerical study is performed in an effective Lagrangian with the parameter set NLSH for neutron-rich nucleus 84Ni. The results show that the effect of the proper treatment of the resonant continuum on pairing correlations for nucleus close to neutron drip line is important. It is found that the problem of an unphysical particle gas could be overcome when the pairing correlation is performed by using the resonant states instead of the discretized states in the continuum.