论《郡斋读书志》的类中类体例

《郡斋读书志》的小序体例较为独特,它采用了与所属类目的第一部书的解题相结合的方式,这在目录学史上是独一无二的。此外,在《读书志》某些有小序的类目中,还存在着与《读书志》小序体例完全相同的更小的类目。这种类中有类的体例,解释了《读书志》小序体例的成因,在目录学史上有着重要的意义。

健康产业统计分类(2019)

国家统计局令第27号《健康产业统计分类(2019)》已经2019年3月13日国家统计局第4次局常务会议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起实施。局长宁吉喆2019年4月1日一、分类目的为加快推动健康产业发展,科学界定健康产业的统计范围,准确反映健康产业发展状况,依据《'健康中国2030'规划纲要》等有关健康产业发展要求。

知识产权(专利)密集型产业统计分类(2019)

国家统计局令第25号《知识产权(专利)密集型产业统计分类(2019)》已经2019年3月13日国家统计局第4次常务会议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起实施。局长宁吉喆2019年4月1日一、分类目的为科学界定知识产权(专利)密集型产业统计范围,建立知识产权(专利)密集型产业统计监测体系.

统计局关于印发《生活性服务业统计分类(2019)》的通知

国统字[2019]44号各省、自治区、直辖市统计局,新疆生产建设兵团统计局,国家统计局各调查总队,国务院各有关部门:依据《国民经济行业分类》(GB/T 4754—2017),国家统计局对《生活性服务业统计分类(试行)》进行了修订。本次修订延续了试行版的分类原则、方法和框架,根据新旧国民经济行业的对应关系,进行结构调整和行业编码的对应转换,并充分考虑与生产性服务业统计分类标准的衔接性.

统计局关于印发《生产性服务业统计分类(2019)》的通知

国统字[2019]43号各省、自治区、直辖市统计局,新疆生产建设兵团统计局,国家统计局各调查总队,国务院各有关部门:依据《国民经济行业分类》(GB/T 4754—2017),国家统计局对《生产性服务业分类(2015)》进行了修订。本次修订延续了2015版的分类原则、方法和框架,根据新旧国民经济行业的对应关系,进行结构调整和行业编码的对应转换,并充分考虑与生活性服务业统计分类标准的衔接性,对部分内容进行了修订,形成《生产性服务业统计分类(2019)》。

Java中实现事件监听的多种方法剖析

在面向对象、采用事件驱动机制的Java程序设计语言中,实现用户交互与事件监听处理的方法众多,如何让学生从众多的方法中解脱出来,真正理解与掌握事件监听处理的真谛是教学环节中的一个重点与难点,该文将多种实现方法进行分类,通过归纳总结,使用通俗的语言,辅以实践案例,详细的剖析了实现事件监听的各种不同方法。

Newly recorded species of the genus Isohypsibius (Tardigrada;Hypsibiidae) from China

This paper reports two newly recorded species, lsohypsibius lunulatus Iharos, 1966 and lsohypsibiusprosostomus Thulin, 1928, of the genus lsohypsibius （Tardigrada; Hypsibiidae） from China. The specimens of lsohysibius lunulatus were collected from Taibai Mt （34°18′N, 107°42′E） at 2,500 m a.s.1, and those oflsohypsibius prosostomus from Taibai Mt （34°10′N, 107°35′E） at 2,000 m above sea level. All specimens are deposited at the College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, China. A key to the Chinese species of lsohypsibius was also given.

Genus Pseudocera Walker(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Epipaschiinae) new to China, with descriptions of two new species

The genus Pseudocera Walker, 1863 from China is reviewed. Pseudocera elliptica sp. nov. and P. microda sp. nov. are described as new, and P. rubrescens is newly recorded in China. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided. A key to the three species in China is given based on the male genitalia.

Two new species in the genus Meleonoma Meyrick(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) from Taiwan

Two new species in the genus Meleonoma are described from Taiwan, China： M. margisclerotica Wang sp. nov. and M. apicispinata Wang sp. nov. Diagnostic characters are provided and photos of adults and genitalia are included.

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes were studied in autumn 2007 in the Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the middle reach of the Changjiang （Yangtze） River. Based on the plant cover, the lake was divided into three major habitats： Myriophyllum spicaturn habitat （MS habitat）, Trapa bispinosa habitat （TB habitat）, and non-vegetation habitat （NV habitat）. A modified pop-net was used for quantitative sampling of small fishes in the three habitats, and the Zippin＇s removal method was used for estimating densities of the small fishes. A total of 13 species belonging to 5 families were collected, with 11 species in MS habitat, 7 species in TB habitat, and 5 species in NV habitat. Habitat type had significant effect on the spatial distribution of small fishes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the MS, TB and NV habitats were 1.28, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. The total density and biomass of small fishes were significantly higher in the MS habitat （13.68 ind/m^2 and 4.44 g/m^2） than in the TB habitat （1.41 ind/m^2 and 0.54 g/m^2） and the NV habitat （1.08 ind/m^2 and 0.40 g/m^2）, and were not significantly different between the TB habitat and the NV habitat. Water depth had no significant effect on spatial distribution of the small fishes. It was suggested that vegetation type played an important role in habitat selectivity of small fishes, and the presence of submersed vegetation should be of significance in the conservation of small fish diversity.

CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOSOLS?SIGNIFICANCE,ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

International concerns about the effects of global change on permafrost-affected soils and responses of permafrost terrestrial landscapes to such change have been increasing in the last two decades. To achieve a variety of goals including the determining of soil carbon stocks and dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere,the understanding of soil degradation and the best ways to protect the fragile ecosystems in permafrost environment,further study development on Cryosol classification is being in great demand. In this paper the existing Cryosol classifications contained in three representative soil taxonomies are introduced,and the problems in the practical application of the defining criteria used for category differentiation in these taxonomic systems are discussed. Meanwhile,the resumption and reconstruction of Chinese Cryosol classification within a taxonomic frame is proposed. In dealing with Cryosol classification the advantages that Chinese pedologists have and the challenges that they have to face are analyzed. Finally,several suggestions on the study development of the further taxonomic frame of Cryosol classification are put forward.

Sandy Desertification Status and its Driving Mechanism in North Tibet Plateau

As the main body of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, North Tibet Plateau is one of three major sandy desertification regions in China and also a representative sandy desertification zone of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Accordingly, it is an important region for the study of recent sandy desertification processes and formation mechanism. From such aspects as desertified land types, areas and distributions etc., this paper analyses in detail the sandy desertification status on North Tibet Plateau, and qualitatively and quantitatively deals with the main factors that affect recent sandy desertification processes and the driving mechanism. Research results show that North Tibet Plateau is an important sandy desertification region in China characterized with large desertified land areas, diversified types, high severity, extensive distributions and serious damages. Sandy desertification occurrence and development resulted from combined effects of natural factors, anthropogenic factors, natural processes and man-made processes, of which climatic change is the main driving force.

Three new species of the genus Erotis Meyrick(Lepidoptera:Oecophoridae) from Hainan Island

Three new species of the genus Erotis Meyrick, 1910 are described based on specimens collected from Hainan Island, China, namely, E. mediconcava Wang sp. nov., E. yinggelingensis Wang sp. nov. and E. apicobtusa Wang sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided.

Preference of the Herbivorous Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus for Different Macroalgae

The decomposition of a large amount of unexploited macroalgal resource along the coast of China often results in heavy environmental pollution. In order to pave a way of using macroalgae as the dietary ingredient of rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus, one of a few farmed herbivorous marine teleosts in China, its preference(feeding selectivity) for different macroalgae was determined in this study. Seven seaweed species abundantly inhabiting the coast of east Guangdong Province were exposed simultaneously to rabbitfish juveniles in laboratory(multiple-choice feeding) with their content and absolute intake assayed. It was found that the most preferred algae were Ulva prolifera, Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Chaetomorpha linum, less preferred algae were U. pertusa and Porphyra haitanensis, and least preferred ones were Sargassum fusiforme and Corallina sessilis. Such an order did not change when one to four relatively preferred seaweeds were removed. The preferred seaweeds were richer in protein and soluble sugar thus higher in energy than the least preferred. In addition, this fish was found to favor filamentous and flat algae rather than calcified ones. Accordingly, the richness of nutrients and morphological characteristics determined the preference of S. canaliculatus for tested macroalgae.

Linear manifold clustering for high dimensional data based on line manifold searching and fusing

High dimensional data clustering,with the inherent sparsity of data and the existence of noise,is a serious challenge for clustering algorithms.A new linear manifold clustering method was proposed to address this problem.The basic idea was to search the line manifold clusters hidden in datasets,and then fuse some of the line manifold clusters to construct higher dimensional manifold clusters.The orthogonal distance and the tangent distance were considered together as the linear manifold distance metrics. Spatial neighbor information was fully utilized to construct the original line manifold and optimize line manifolds during the line manifold cluster searching procedure.The results obtained from experiments over real and synthetic data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over some competing clustering methods in terms of accuracy and computation time.The proposed method is able to obtain high clustering accuracy for various data sets with different sizes,manifold dimensions and noise ratios,which confirms the anti-noise capability and high clustering accuracy of the proposed method for high dimensional data.

Research on Image Segmentation Algorithm based on Fuzzy C-mean Clustering

This paper presents a fuzzy C- means clustering image segmentation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization, the method utilizes the strong search ability of particle swarm clustering search center. Because the search clustering center has small amount of calculation according to density, so it can greatly improve the calculation speed of fuzzy C- means algorithm. The experimental results show that, this method can make the fuzzy clustering to obviously improve the speed, so it can achieve fast image segmentation.

Heavy mineral stratigraphy of sediments from the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the last glaciation using fuzzy C-means cluster method

Correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means cluster methods were used to divide the stratigraphy of heavy mineral assemblages, and the sediment sources and depositional dynamics of the environment reconstructed. The assemblages were taken from marine sediments from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in Core Q43 situated on the outer shelf of the East China Sea. Based on the variable boundaries of the mineral assemblage at 63 and 228 cmbsf （cm below sea floor）, the core might have previously been divided into three sediment strata marked with units Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, which would be consistent with the divided sediment stratum of the core using minor element geochemistry. The downcore distribution of heavy minerals divided the sedimentary sequence into three major units, which were further subdivided into four subunits. The interval between 0 and 63 cmbsf of the core （unit Ⅰ）, which spans the Holocene and the uppermost late Pleistocene, is characterized by a hornblende-epidote-pyroxene assemblage, and contains relatively a smaller amount of schistic mineral and authigenic pyrite. In comparison, the interval between 63 and 228 cmbsf （unit Ⅱ）, is representative of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, and features a hornblende-epidote-magnetite-ilmenite assemblage containing the highest concentrations of heavy minerals and opaque minerals. However, the interval between 228 and 309 cmbsf （unit Ⅲ）, which spans the subinterglacial period, is characterized by a hornblende-authigenic-pyrite-mica assemblage. Relative ratios of some heavy minerals can be used as tracers of clastic sediment sources. The lower part of the sediment core shows the highest magnetite/ilmenite ratio and relatively high hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios. The middle core shows the highest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios, and the lowest magnetite/ilmenite ratio. The upper part exhibits a slightly higher magnetite/ilmenite ratio, and also the lowest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios. The distribution of the mineral ratio is consistent with stratigraphic division in heavy mineral data using correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means clustering. Variations in heavy mineral association and mineral ratio in core Q43 revealed changes in provenance and depositional environment of the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the late Pleistocene, well corresponding to interglacial and glacial cycles.

Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China

Using multi-mesh gillnets and trawls, the fish communities in Dianshan Lake at 6 stations from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010 were investigated seasonally to reveal the biodiversity and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The long-term changes in their structural characteristics were then analyzed to identify the main infl uencing factors and several measures for lake restoration were put forward. Thirty six species, belonging to 9 family and 30 genera, were collected, amongst which, the order Cypriniformes accounted for 61.1% of the total species number. In terms of importance value, Cypriniformes was the predominant group, Coilia nasus the dominant species, while Cyprinus carpio and Rhinogobius giurinus were the subdominant taxa. The community types did not differ among stations, but between seasons. There were no significant differences between seasons and among stations in species diversity, but richness differed both spatially and seasonally. Along with the process of eutrophication and the drastic reduction of the area colonized by macrophytes from 1959 to 2009–2010, the fish diversity declined markedly, and species numbers of herbivores and piscivores declined proportionately more than those of invertivores, omnivores, and planktivores. The decline of potamophilus and river-lake migratory fish was more marked than those of sedentary, river-sea migratory, and estuarine fishes. Eutrophication concomitant with sharp reduction of macrophyte area and overfishing may be the main reasons for the decline in fish diversity in Dianshan Lake.

Comparative analysis on soil engineering classifications of China and America

Based on China National Standard of Soil Engineering Classification (GB/T 50145-2007) and the Unified Soil Classification System of American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D-2478), two kinds of soil laboratory engineering classification methods were discussed and analyzed from the aspects of the definition in particle fraction, classification of soil type and evaluation standard for soil gradation. There is a same limit of fine grains fraction in the two standards, and there are three main types of soil in GB/T 50145-2007 and two in ASTM D-2487. Different evaluation standards of gradation are put forward for gravels and sands in ASTM D-2487. Same criteria of A line, B line and controlling value of plastic index are in the plasticity chart of both standards.

A 30 meter land cover mapping of China with an efficient clustering algorithm CBEST

Remote sensing based land cover mapping at large scale is time consuming when using either supervised or unsupervised clas- sification approaches. This article used a fast clustering method---Clustering by Eigen Space Transformation （CBEST） to pro- duce a land cover map for China. Firstly, 508 Landsat TM scenes were collected and processed. Then, TM images were clus- tered by combining CBEST and K-means in each pre-defined ecological zone （50 in total for China）. Finally, the obtained clusters were visually interpreted as land cover types to complete a land cover map. Accuracy evaluation using 2159 test sam- pies indicates an overall accuracy of 71.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.64. Comparisons with two global land cover products （i.e., Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover （FROM-GLC） and GlobCover 2009） also indicate that our land cover result using CBEST is superior in both land cover area estimation and visual effect for different land cover types.