In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s rel...In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s relation with the Cosmos and with each human being separately, the Stoics of Rome （namely, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, but even Cicero who fosters many of the earlier Stoic ethical views） enrich the content of this theorization by offering an expansion of the concept of the Greek philanthropy. Through the practical means of individual correction, which leads to the therapy of passions, the stoic sage returns to society in order to emancipate the human being and to ensure that man will recover his ontological dignity. This effort is grounded on benevolent and mild action, which aims to correct rather than to discipline in a punitive way. It is their contribution to philosophy that the author aims to discuss in connection with the recording of their thought on issues directly related with a non-violent and eudaimonistic way of life in the context of social peace.展开更多
With the cultural myth that science can only determine the way the world ＂is＂ （facts）, while humanities, social sciences, lawyers, philosophers, and theologians must determine the way the world ＂ought to be＂ （v...With the cultural myth that science can only determine the way the world ＂is＂ （facts）, while humanities, social sciences, lawyers, philosophers, and theologians must determine the way the world ＂ought to be＂ （values）, those in position of global-, national-, and local-political power make major decisions of the use （or non-use） of scientific knowledge and technology. As a result, the human being has created a non-scientifically based cultural environment that is affecting his ability to survive. In effect, cultural evolution is occurring more rapidly than biological evolution that can adapt to the changes brought about in the physical and psycho-social environments. In a pluralistic cultural world, where each society has generated a different view of human nature and different ethical values, the use, misuse, or non-use of scientific and technological advances are derived from these unscientific views of human nature. Since all life depends on limiting interacting environmental and ecological factors, it is imperative that scientific information be used to govern how to minimize irreversible effects on life-sustaining ecological factors, but also scientific information bearing on understanding human nature ought to be integrated into a ＂global bioethics＂. While ethical values cannot be directly derived from scientific factors, it is also true that human values or our ＂ought＂ cannot be maintained in ignorance or defiance of the facts or the ＂is＂.展开更多
The proposed paper focuses on art as a form of cultural expression and it presents data based on ethnographic information of famous Pakistani musical theatres in Lahore, Province of Punjab. Most description of the per...The proposed paper focuses on art as a form of cultural expression and it presents data based on ethnographic information of famous Pakistani musical theatres in Lahore, Province of Punjab. Most description of the performing arts is written by men with an exclusive male perspective. Little or no attempt has been made to explore women lives in performing theatre apart from their assigned role as physical crowd-pullers. This study presents how symbols are used to communicate, as each member of theatre community uses entire repertoire to convey messages, manual gesticulations, body gestures, facial expressions, dance patterns, a particular dress etc. at the cultural level. The central idea of this study is how artists use the body in performance to imagine and enact culture, values, humor, selfhood, and the complex relations among them. It discusses their real backstage life experiences and problems faced as well how and what type of contact they maintain with their audience and admirers. What are their moral values and what kind of social dilemmas they face, how the sexuality of theatre women is being controlled, their fears emotions, distress of theatre women etc. are the major research questions. In short, this anthropological inquiry takes into account all relevant social, cultural, political, economic, and religious dimensions of performing art.展开更多
文摘In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s relation with the Cosmos and with each human being separately, the Stoics of Rome （namely, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, but even Cicero who fosters many of the earlier Stoic ethical views） enrich the content of this theorization by offering an expansion of the concept of the Greek philanthropy. Through the practical means of individual correction, which leads to the therapy of passions, the stoic sage returns to society in order to emancipate the human being and to ensure that man will recover his ontological dignity. This effort is grounded on benevolent and mild action, which aims to correct rather than to discipline in a punitive way. It is their contribution to philosophy that the author aims to discuss in connection with the recording of their thought on issues directly related with a non-violent and eudaimonistic way of life in the context of social peace.
文摘With the cultural myth that science can only determine the way the world ＂is＂ （facts）, while humanities, social sciences, lawyers, philosophers, and theologians must determine the way the world ＂ought to be＂ （values）, those in position of global-, national-, and local-political power make major decisions of the use （or non-use） of scientific knowledge and technology. As a result, the human being has created a non-scientifically based cultural environment that is affecting his ability to survive. In effect, cultural evolution is occurring more rapidly than biological evolution that can adapt to the changes brought about in the physical and psycho-social environments. In a pluralistic cultural world, where each society has generated a different view of human nature and different ethical values, the use, misuse, or non-use of scientific and technological advances are derived from these unscientific views of human nature. Since all life depends on limiting interacting environmental and ecological factors, it is imperative that scientific information be used to govern how to minimize irreversible effects on life-sustaining ecological factors, but also scientific information bearing on understanding human nature ought to be integrated into a ＂global bioethics＂. While ethical values cannot be directly derived from scientific factors, it is also true that human values or our ＂ought＂ cannot be maintained in ignorance or defiance of the facts or the ＂is＂.
文摘The proposed paper focuses on art as a form of cultural expression and it presents data based on ethnographic information of famous Pakistani musical theatres in Lahore, Province of Punjab. Most description of the performing arts is written by men with an exclusive male perspective. Little or no attempt has been made to explore women lives in performing theatre apart from their assigned role as physical crowd-pullers. This study presents how symbols are used to communicate, as each member of theatre community uses entire repertoire to convey messages, manual gesticulations, body gestures, facial expressions, dance patterns, a particular dress etc. at the cultural level. The central idea of this study is how artists use the body in performance to imagine and enact culture, values, humor, selfhood, and the complex relations among them. It discusses their real backstage life experiences and problems faced as well how and what type of contact they maintain with their audience and admirers. What are their moral values and what kind of social dilemmas they face, how the sexuality of theatre women is being controlled, their fears emotions, distress of theatre women etc. are the major research questions. In short, this anthropological inquiry takes into account all relevant social, cultural, political, economic, and religious dimensions of performing art.
