类前缀“准”的多角度研究

本文从探讨“准+X”结构的特点入手,着重区分了“准”的两个语义类似义和逼近义。认为逼近义的大量运用是类前缀“准”活跃的原因,词典中应收录此义项。最后把两个构成连贯语义表达形式的“准_2+N”和“N+了”进行了对比研究,通过形式对应上的异同,找到能进入“准_2+N”的“N”语义、认知上的特点。

试论“到”的用法

中国出版的汉语课本和工具书里把“到”看作动词,而在日本出版的汉语课本和工具书里则把“到”分为动词和介词。 本文把“到”的用法分为以下九种,根据其词汇意义和语言事实探讨其语法规则。从词法的角度把“到”分为动词(1,20,12,3,35,33)和介词(7,17,8);从句法的角度把“到”分为谓语(1,20,12)、补语(3,35,33)、状语(7,17,8),以此来考察“到”的用法。 (1)列车到了一站。(7-5-24) (20)你在儿子的年纪时,不是报名去了黄海边的建设兵团,你爹妈送你到海边了吗?(5-10-75) (12)那一天,他到邮局里取汇款。(7-5-117) (3)抒情诗人被一激,像箭被放到了弦上。(4-10-87) (35)他夹上一块油渍渍的炒鸡蛋送到嘴里,大口地嚼起来。(7-4-97) (33)昨天她翻出这封信,把它放进背包的夹层,打算带到单位锁进抽屉里。(4-1-87) (7)我拉开门,要到阳台上去—— (7-3-107) (17)老程,公司决定调你到仓库去,那里很需要你。(4-4-86) (8)朋友们聚头的日子还多着哩,往后尽管到我这儿来开胃口,八折优惠。(3-3-99)

Numerical verification of similar Cam-clay model based on generalized potential theory

From the mathematical principles, the generalized potential theory can be employed to create constitutive model of geomaterial directly. The similar Cam-clay model, which is created based on the generalized potential theory, has less assumptions,clearer mathematical basis, and better computational accuracy. Theoretically, it is more scientific than the traditional Cam-clay models. The particle flow code PFC3 D was used to make numerical tests to verify the rationality and practicality of the similar Cam-clay model. The verification process was as follows: 1) creating the soil sample for numerical test in PFC3 D, and then simulating the conventional triaxial compression test, isotropic compression test, and isotropic unloading test by PFC3D; 2)determining the parameters of the similar Cam-clay model from the results of above tests; 3) predicting the sample's behavior in triaxial tests under different stress paths by the similar Cam-clay model, and comparing the predicting results with predictions by the Cam-clay model and the modified Cam-clay model. The analysis results show that the similar Cam-clay model has relatively high prediction accuracy, as well as good practical value.