汉语领属结构的领格类型

从世界语言的领格类型来观察现代汉语被领者带有定/无定标记词的特殊表现,我们可以发现,现代汉语领属结构既有类似于限定性领格语言的特点,也有形容性领格语言的性质。它是一种类形容性领格特点的限定性领格语言,这一表现可能与汉语量词的描摹功能密切相关。

通风格栅类型对高速列车设备舱通风散热特性的影响

为研究通风格栅类型对设备舱通风散热的影响,本文采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法分析某高速列车设备舱通风口分别安装横向格栅和竖向格栅后,设备舱内的速度场、温度场和通风量的变化。与竖向格栅相比,横向格栅可使设备舱内平均空气流速提高48%、使总通风量提高58%,舱内空气平均温度降低了2.08℃,相关发热设备表面平均温度都得到了显著降低。研究结果表明横向格栅比竖向格栅更有利于设备舱的通风散热。

基于规则的数据类型重构技术研究

为恢复变量的数据类型信息并提高反编译的质量,提出一种基于规则的数据类型重构方法。采用静态和动态相结合的分析方式,将可执行代码转化为中间语言,在优化中间语言的基础上为每条指令制定约束规则,并给出相应的求解算法,从而推导出变量的数据类型信息。实验结果表明,该方法能对简单数据变量类型和复杂数据变量类型进行恢复,具有较高的准确性。

土工格栅-建筑渣土界面摩阻特性试验研究

为了研究格栅-建筑渣土的界面摩阻特性,进行了4种不同级配的建筑渣土与3种格栅(两种双向格栅和一种三向格栅)的界面直剪摩阻试验。试验表明,格栅-建筑渣土界面摩阻应力和单位剪位移关系均可用双曲线模型表示;界面摩阻强度与垂直压力呈线性关系;格栅类型、填料级配等决定筋-土界面摩阻特性,其中格栅的拉伸模量影响最为明显;格栅的拉伸模量越大,筋-土界面似摩阻系数越大,界面似黏聚强度越大。似摩阻系数不受渣土级配影响,由格栅类型决定。似黏聚强度既受到渣土级配影响又与格栅特征有关,在本研究的4种级配渣土条件下,对于三向格栅-渣土界面,中、细砾为主的级配渣土的似黏聚强度最大,而对于双向格栅-渣土界面,粗砾为主的级配渣土的似黏聚强度最大。剪切前后渣土颗粒级配变化不明显,可忽略其影响。

汉语三字格习语概念合成的认知考察

汉语中存在许多三字格习语。本文以概念合成理论为视角,探讨汉语三字格习语的合成类型和内在认知机制。我们认为,从概念合成的层级性角度看,三字格习语的合成分为高层级合成和中层级合成;从合成方式的不同看,又可将其分为自然组合性合成、糅合型和截搭型三种合成类型,且三字格习语大多属于糅合型合成,在糅合型概念合成中会出现先截搭后糅合或者先自然组合后糅合的构成方式。

主观题中模糊含权概念图匹配问题研究

以《计算机文化基础》课程为背景,重点研究简答题自动阅卷中模糊含权概念图的匹配问题。通过对课程知识点充分分析,设计了课程的概念类型格;根据概念类型格上概念间语义距离的概念和传统概念图的投影匹配思想,设计了模糊含权概念图中基于语义距离的投影匹配算法,并分析了算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。经过实验分析,该算法自动阅卷的正确性大约为90%,解决方案切实可行。该课题的研究,对本课程的其他主观题以及其他课程的主观题计算机自动阅卷都具有一定参考价值。

Spatial connectivity and distribution of landscape type in the natural secondary forests of eastern mountainous region,northeast China——a case study of Mao'ershan region in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Keywords Landscape type - Landscape pattern - Nearest neighbor index - Landscape connectivity index - Natural secondary forest - Northeast China CLC number S759.92 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Spatial Pattern and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,China

This paper principally focuses on the morphological differences,spatial pattern and regional types of rural settlements in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province in China.Using satellite images of Xuzhou City taken in 2007 and 2008 and models of exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial metrics,the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the morphological pattern of rural settlements,and finds significant characteristics.First,rural settlements in Xuzhou City are significantly agglomerated in terms of their spatial distribution;meanwhile,there is significant variation in the geographical density distribution.Second,the scale of rural settlements in Xuzhou City is larger than the average in Jiangsu Province,and the histogram of the scale data is more even and more like a gamma distribution.There are a significant high-value cluster in the scale distribution,and local negative correlation between the scale and density distribution of rural settlements in Xuzhou City.Third,the morphology of rural settlements in Xuzhou City shows relative regularity with good connection and integrity,but the spatial variation of the morphology is anisotropic.Finally,according to the characteristics of density,scale,and form of rural settlements,the rural settlements of Xuzhou City are divided into three types:A high-density and point-scattered type,a low-density and cluster-like type and a mass-like and sparse type.The research findings could be used as the scientific foundation for rural planning and community rebuilding,particularly in less-developed areas.

Greywater Reuse Assessments on Different Soil Types in Baghdad City

he effects of greywater irrigation on four commonly used agricultural soils and models were studied. Sand, sandy loam, sandy clay and light clay soils were selected as common Iraq soils. Soil＇s chemical and physical properties under different irrigation regimes were daily measured during period extended from February 2011 to April 2012 in Baghdad city and plant growth was monitored. A lab scale models of four acrylic columns of 100 mm diameter and 750 mm height were designed and constructed in environmental hydraulic lab at Mustansiriya University and tests were run concurrently with the characterization study to assess the effect of soil depth and loading rate on treatment efficiency. Soil samples were carried out in a site that had been drained with greywater for over 14 months. Measurements of greywater and treated greywater had been achieved which contains BODs, COD, pH, EC, TDS, turbidity, CI＋1, 504＋2, NO3＋1, Na＋l, Ca＋2, Mg＋2, E coli and coliform.

Road Impacts on Spatial Patterns of Land Use and Landscape Fragmentation in Three Parallel Rivers Region,Yunnan Province,China

The structure and function of network is a central issue in landscape ecology.Road networks with hierarchical structure are crucial for understanding landscape dynamics.In this study,we compared the distribution of national road,provincial road,county road and rural road in the Three Parallel Rivers Region(TPRR)in Yunnan Province of China,and estimated the effect of roads(and other factors)on the spatial patterns of land use and land cover with logistic regression.In addition,we analyzed the land use and land cover change(LUCC)and landscape fragmentation in 1989–2005 along a buffer zone of the primary traffic corridor,national road G214.The results showed that,county and rural roads had much higher percentage of length extending into more natural habitats at higher elevation and steeper slope,compared with the higher level roads in this region.While the distributions of natural land cover types were dominated by environmental factors,human land use types i.e.,building land and farmland types were significantly related with roads,linking more closely with lower level roads.The LUCC dynamics(1989–2005)of the G214 buffer zone showed a general trend of land transformation from conifer forests and valley arid shrubs to building land and farmland,and from ice and snow to alpine shrubs and forests.With the length of G214 unchanged during the time,the overall landscape pattern changed little in the buffer zone,but habitat fragmentation and area decrease had occurred for the natural vegetation types,in contrast to patch mergence and expansion of human land use types,and landscape fragmentation was intensified above 2500 m a.s.l.but declined below the elevation.The results indicated the dynamics of landscape composition and patch type level distribution in spite of the stability of the overall landscape pattern,and implied the potential role of roads,especially the low level roads on landscape changes.

Can the Dominant Trait Indicator Predict Success in a Financial Accounting Principles Course？ A Preliminary Look

The Myers Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI） test has been widely used in schools and career placement organizations to counsel individuals into compatible career choices. The test has also been utilized in academia to enhance instructor＇s knowledge of the different learning styles and thus allows them to develop strategies to increase students＇ learning. The test is a forced-choice self-reporting exam comprised of 126 questions. Based on Jung＇s theory of personality type, the test seeks to categorize personality types into 16 discrete groups based on the four preference poles （Myers, 1962）. The poles are based on the preference for： （1） introversion （I） or extroversion （E）; （2） sensing （S） or intuition （N）; （3） thinking （T） or feeling （F）; and （4）judging （J） or perception （P）. Laribee （1994） studied American accounting students and found that certain personality traits were over represented in upper-level accounting courses, while Macdaid, McCaulley, and Kainz （1986） found that the same personality trait groups were over-represented in the profession. Oswick and Barber （1998）, however, found no significant relationship between the grade earned in an introductory accounting course and the personality traits as identified by the MBTI with 344 UK-based accounting students. This study investigates the relationship between a student＇s academic success in a financial accounting principles course and the MBTI personality type indicators. The type distribution of 59 historically black colleges and universities＇ （HBCU） business administration majors was analyzed and separated into two groups. The groups were then tested to determine if there was a significant difference in the mean grade of the groups in accounting principles.

Effects of Social Relationships on People＇s Acceptance of Robots： Using Forms of Language by Robots

This study investigated the difference in the levels of people＇s acceptance of robots by the types of social relationships between humans and robots. In this study, social relationships between a robot and a person were categorized into four types consisted of two in the horizontal of social relationship （intimacy dimension） and two in the vertical of social relationship （status dimension）. In dialogue between humans and robots, the types of social relationship were adjusted by forms of language such as calling by name and speech styles. People＇s acceptance of robots was measured by people＇s comfortable approach distance to the robot. Participants showed greater acceptance of a robot when the robot called them by their names. In the case of speech style, participants accepted the robot which used honorific speech style without addressing them by their name, while they accepted the robot which used familiar speech style with addressing them by their name. There was an interaction effect between gender and calling by name.

从语料库看日语サ变动词“勉強する”的使用实态

“勉強する”作为日语基础词汇之一,其意义不难理解,但学习者在使用该词汇时,仍有困惑的时候。为进一步明确サ变动词“勉強する”的使用特征,基于语料库的语料,考察了“勉強する”共起的格类型及“勉強する”各类格要素的词汇搭配情况。

Investigating the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Personality Types Among Nursing Candidates in Ardebil University, in Iran

Personality characteristics of each people are unique. It seems that these features of personality have an impact on emotional intelligence and ability to interact with people in a social environment. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality types of nursing students. The research was descriptive and correlative. The study population consisted of Ardebil University of senior nursing candidates in 2011-2012. The study sample included 125 people. Assessment tools were the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Inventory and MBTI （Myers-Briggs Type Indicator） personality type questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 （T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with significant level P〈0 .05）. Pearson correlation coefficients showed there is a significant inverse between variables extroversion-introversion and emotional intelligence with level of .01 （r=-522）. Therefore, personality characteristics impact on emotional intelligence of students. Thus, more research of emotional intelligence and personality characteristics is necessary at different levels to selection for nursing profession.

Study on Classification of Personality-Based Brand Archetype from the Perspective of Internet

Due to the rapid development,Internet has become the main field for brand building.Under this circumstance,the image of the brand is always consistent with the consumers' perception.Therefore,this study uses the method of text mining of search engine to explore the categories of brand archetype based on Brand Personality Theory from the perspective of Internet.The results find that 12 brand archetypes,including caregiver,sage,hero,innocent,dominator,creator,vitality,explorer,stylish woman,lover,cooperator,and vogue gentleman,have a high degree explanation.Deeper study uses case study to verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the classification standard.

Static Model Classification Status： Taking Into Account Emerging External Factors

Analysis of the problem of predicting bankruptcy shows that foreign and domestic models included only internal factors of enterprises. But the same indicators of internal factors in the rapidly changing external environment can lead to bankruptcy, and not in others. External factors are the most dangerous, because the possible influence on them is minimal and the impact of their implementation can be devastating. This paper focuses on the same factors to assess the impact of the macroeconomic indicators （extemal factors） on the parameters of static models predicting a local approximation of the crisis at the plant. To accomplish the purpose, a Spark set of 100 companies was compiled, including 50 companies which officially declared bankruptcy in the period of 2000-2009 and 50 stable operating companies with a random sample of the same time period. External factors were extracted from the Joint Economic and Social Data Archive1 The author compared two data sets： （1） microeconomic indicators--money to the total liabilities, retained earnings to total assets, net profit to revenue, Earnings Before Interest and Taxes （EBIT） to assets, net income to equity, net profit to total liabilities, current liabilities to total assets, the totality of short-term and long-term loans to total assets, current assets to current liabilities, assets to revenue, equity to total assets, and current assets to revenue; and （2） external factors--index of real gross domestic product （GDP）, industrial production index, the index of real cash incomes, an index of real investments, consumer price index, the refinancing rate, unemployment rate, the price of electricity, gas prices, oil price, gas price, dollar to ruble, ruble euro Standard ＆ Poor （S＆P） index, the Russian Trading System （RTS） index, and region. The aim of the comparison results paging classes ＂insolvent＂ and ＂non-bankrupt＂ is achieved using two methods： classification and discrimination. In both methods, computational procedures are realized with the use of algorithms linear regression, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm. In the 2-m model, data set includes both internal and external factors. The results showed that the inclusion of only the microeconomic indicators, excluding external factors, impedes models about two times.

唐代的两种格及其演变

唐代的格有两种类型:制敕编辑类和非制敕编辑类。前者因带“敕”或“年月日”的不同而有多种体例,后者体例单一,是有司将所拟定的相关规则或标准按类别逐条呈现。两种格在唐后期都有编纂,尤其后者编纂频繁。制敕编辑类格在唐后期一方面向格后敕、编敕转化,另一方面向刑部格演变;非制敕编辑类格在唐后期的作用范围日益扩大,逐渐成为格的主体。到宋代,只剩下非制敕编辑类这一种格,且因其含有规则或标准而被定义为“设于此以待彼”。学者论述唐格时不能只关注其中的一种而忽视另一种,才能避免出现议论的偏差。

Distribution Patterns of Soil Microorganisms under Different Vegetation Types along the Riparian Wetland of the Ulson River and Its Influencing Factors

Wetlands are important for maintaining global ecosystem functions,mitigating global climate change,and regulating regional climate change.Ecological problems caused by global climate change have had serious impacts on plant distribution patterns in the wetlands of riparian zones,as well as on microbial community habitats in the soil.This study was based on a field sampling survey of the distribution characteristics of plant communities in the Ulson River,combined with remote sensing to obtain the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation in the riparian wetland.High-throughput sequencing technology combined with the characteristics of soil physicochemical factors were then used to explore the distribution characteristics of the community structures of soil bacteria and fungi under different vegetation types in the Ulson River Basin,in order to reveal the pattern of changes of soil microbial microorganisms under the different vegetation types in the wetlands of the riparian area and the factors driving those changes.The results showed an obvious banding phenomenon of wetland vegetation in the Ulson River Basin.Proteobacteria ranked first in relative abundance in all the sample plots and were the dominant bacteria in the study area.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi in the study area.In swamp areas,degenerate swamp soils,soil moisture content,and soil bulk density affected the microbial richness directly or indirectly by controlling soil nutrients.Plant aboveground biomass was the most significant factor influencing microbial diversity in a typical wet meadow sample.In salinized meadows and swamped meadows,electrical conductivity affected microbial richness and soil bulk density was the main factor influencing microbial diversity.The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of degraded riparian wetlands and further clarification of soil ecosystem functions in riparian wetlands.

Chevrier＇s Field Mouse(Apodemus chevrieri) and Père David＇s Vole(Eothenomys melanogaster) in China Carry Orthohepeviruses that form Two Putative Novel Genotypes Within the Species Orthohepevirus C

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the prototype of the family Hepeviridae and the causative agent of common acute viral hepatitis.Genetically diverse HEV-related viruses have been detected in a variety of mammals and some of them may have zoonotic potential.In this study,we tested 278 specimens collected from seven wild small mammal species in Yunnan province,China,for the presence and prevalence of orthohepevirus by broad-spectrum reverse transcription(RT)-PCR.HEV-related sequences were detected in two rodent species,including Chevrier’s field mouse(Apodemus chevrieri,family Muridae)and Père David’s vole(Eothenomys melanogaster,family Cricetidae),with the infection rates of 29.20%(59/202)and 7.27%(4/55),respectively.Further four representative full-length genomes were generated:two each from Chevrier’s field mouse(named Rd HEVAc14 and Rd HEVAc86)and Père David’s vole(Rd HEVEm40 and Rd HEVEm67).Phylogenetic analyses and pairwise distance comparisons of whole genome sequences and amino acid sequences of the gene coding regions showed that orthohepeviruses identified in Chinese Chevrier’s field mouse and Père David’s vole belonged to the species Orthohepevirus C but were highly divergent from the two assigned genotypes:HEV-C1 derived from rat and shrew,and HEV-C2 derived from ferret and possibly mink.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that these newly discovered orthohepeviruses had hepatic tropism.In summary,our work discovered two putative novel genotypes orthohepeviruses preliminarily named HEVC3 and HEV-C4 within the species Orthohepevirus C,which expands our understanding of orthohepevirus infection in the order Rodentia and gives new insights into the origin,evolution,and host range of orthohepevirus.

Animal personalities and their implications for complex signaling

Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecological processes. The role of personalities in sexual selection has been considered, and examples exist that show selection for personality traits with both assortative and disassortative mating patterns between personality types. One overlooked aspect of the personality and sexual se lection literature is the potential for personalitysignaling interactions, specifically with complex signaling. Complex signaling is a diverse topic in itself, and in short, consists of multiple signals within one or more modalities that interact to elicit a receiver response. Research into complex signaling has been thorough, although at times studies discover complex signaling systems that fail to fit into one of the existing hypotheses in the literature. Here, we argue that personalities may interact with complex signal ing, which should be considered by researchers of both personality and sexual selection and communication. We describe several ways in which personalitycomplex signaling interactions could affect both the signaler and receiver, and the way in which they may drive personalityspecific signals as well as receiver preferences. Finally, we discuss how considering personality in com plex signaling studies may inform theory as well as improve the ability of researchers to accurately describe its function.